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184.0000 Family Ranunculaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 231 (1789), nom. cons.
52 genera, ca. 3700 spp.
Species listed in database: 3821; hybrids: 107
= Aconitaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 216 (1820)
= Actaeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 1(16-53): 2, 140 (1823)
= Anemonaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 264, 275 (1818)
= Aquilegiaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 375, 861, 979 (1870)
= Calthaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 92 (1820)
= Cimicifugaceae Bromhead; Mag. Nat. Hist. 4: 336, 338 (1840)
= Clematidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 134 (1820)
= Delphiniaceae Brenner; Florist. Handb. 52 (1886)
= Glaucidiaceae M.Tamura; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 85: 40 (1972)
= Helleboraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 264, 274 (1818)
= Hydrastidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Nigellaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 76 (1858)
= Thalictraceae Raf.; Anal. Nat. 176 (1815)
= Xanthorhizaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 1(16-53): 2, 145 (1823)
184.5511 Genus Actaea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 504 (1753)
Distribution: temperate to subcold northern hemisphere, Europe, China, Russia to Far East, North America. Inclusion of Cimicifuga and Souliea following Compton et al. (1998), but Cimicifuga is frequently kept separate.
Species listed in database: 28; hybrids: 1
= Actinospora Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1: 21 (1835)
= Botrophis Raf.; Med. Fl. 1: 85 (1828)
= Christophoriana Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s. p. (1754)
= Cimicifuga Wernisch.; Gen. Pl. [Wernischek] 298, 321 (1763)
= Dipleina Raf.; Autik. Bot. 54 (1840)
= Macrotrys Raf.; Med. Repos., Ser. 2, 5: 352 (1808)
= Megotrys Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 267 (1818)
= Pityrosperma Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3(4): 734 (1843)
= Souliea Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 12: 69 (1898)
= Thalictrodes Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 4 (1891)

Search for: Actaea racemosa-var.-racemosa

Nothing found!
species :
Actaea arizonica (S.Watson) Compton; Taxon 47: 618 (1998)
Name: Arizona bugbane
Distribution: USA (Arizona)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga arizonica S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20: 352 (1885)
species :
Actaea asiatica H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 15(5): 313-314 (1939)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Actaea acuminata subsp. asiatica (H.Hara) Luferov; Komarovia 1: 61 (1999)
= Actaea spicata f. acunata Huth; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 309 (1893)
= Actaea spicata var. asiatica (H.Hara) S.H.Li & Y.H.Huang; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 3: 105 (1975)
species :
Actaea austrokoreana (H.W.Lee & C.W.Park) Cubey; Hanburyana 1: 14 (2006)
Distribution: South Korea
38 KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga austrokoreana H.W.Lee & C.W.Park; Novon 14(2): 180 (2004)
species :
Actaea bifida (Nakai) Compton; Taxon 47: 624 (1998)
Distribution: North Korea; South Korea
38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga bifida (Nakai) Luferov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 105(3): 57 (2000)
= Cimicifuga heracleifolia var. bifida Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 26: 35 (1909)
species :
Actaea biternata (Siebold & Zucc.) Prantl; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 246 (1888)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Actaea japonica var. biternata (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim. ex Makino; (1892)
= Actaea obtusiloba (Siebold & Zucc.) Prantl; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 246 (1887)
= Cimicifuga biternata (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 9 (1867)
= Cimicifuga heterophylla Makino; (1897) (nom. illeg.)
= Cimicifuga japonica var. biternata (Siebold & Zucc.) Finet & Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 521 (1904)
= Cimicifuga japonica var. obtusiloba (Siebold & Zucc.) Huth; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 316 (1892)
= Cimicifuga obtusiloba (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 9 (1867)
= Pityrosperma biternatum Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3(4): 736 (1843)
= Pityrosperma obtusilobum Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3(4): 735 (1843)
= Thalictrodes biternata (Siebold & Zucc.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 4 (1891)
= Thalictrodes obtusiloba (Siebold & Zucc.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 4 (1891)
species :
Actaea brachycarpa (P.K.Hsiao) Compton; Taxon 47: 622 (1998)
Distribution: China (Henan, Hubei, Shanxi, Sichuan, NE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga brachycarpa P.K.Hsiao; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 57 (1965)
= Cimicifuga lancifoliolata X.F.Pu & M.R.Jia; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(5): 478-480, f. 1 (1992)
= Actaea lancifoliolata (X.F.Pu & M.R.Jia) J.P.Luo, Q.Yuan & Q.E.Yang; Nordic J. Bot. 34(5): 637 (2016)
species :
Actaea cimicifuga L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 504 (1753)
Name: Stinkende Silberkerze (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Kazakhstan; China (Gansu, W-Henan, Hubei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Mongolia; Pakistan (Azad Kashmir); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); N-Myanmar (Kachin)
11 ger 30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Actaea cimicifuga var. racemosa (Regel) Compton; Taxon 47: 623 (1998)
= Actaea frigida (Royle) Prantl; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 246 (1888)
= Actaea frigida Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 167, no. 4725 (1831), nomen
= Actaea macropoda Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 73 (1841)
= Actaea mairei (H.Lév.) Compton; Taxon 47: 622 (1998)
= Actaea podocarpa Schltdl.; Linnaea 6: 583 (1831)
= Actaea racemosa Geners. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 22 (1840)
= Actinospora frigida (Royle) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1: 21 (1835)
= Actinospora wallichii Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner] 2: 4 (1837)
= Cimicifuga cimicifuga (L.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. [Karsten] 571 (1882)
= Cimicifuga foetida f. brevirostris Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 8B(48B): 53 (1909 publ. 1908)
= Cimicifuga foetida f. macrocarpa Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 8B(48B): 53 (1909 publ. 1908)
= Cimicifuga foetida L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 659 (1767)
= Cimicifuga foetida var. bifida W.T.Wang & P.K.Hsiao; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 8: 16 (1980)
= Cimicifuga foetida var. longibracteata P.K.Hsiao; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 58 (1965)
= Cimicifuga foetida var. mairei (H.Lév.) W.T.Wang & Zh.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37(3): 212 (1999)
= Cimicifuga foetida var. micrantha Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 8B(48B): 54 (1909 publ. 1908)
= Cimicifuga foetida var. racemosa Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 121 (1861)
= Cimicifuga foetida var. racemosa Y.Yabe; Enum. Pl. S. Manchuria 51 (1912)
= Cimicifuga foetida var. velutina Franch. ex Finet & Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 521 (1904)
= Cimicifuga frigida Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 57 (1834)
= Cimicifuga mairei H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 25: 43 (1915)
= Thalictrodes cimicifuga (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 4 (1891)
variant :
var. foliolosa (P.K.Hsiao) Compton; Taxon 47: 622 (1998)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan); E-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga foetida var. foliolosa P.K.Hsiao; (1965)
= Cimicifuga mairei var. foliolosa (P.K.Hsiao) Compton & Hedd.; (1997)
species :
Actaea dahurica (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 5: 175 (1883)
Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Beijing, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Nei Mongol, Jilin, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea; India (Sikkim); Myanmar
30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO 40 IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Actaea pterosperma Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1: 21 (1835)
= Actinospora dahurica Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1: 21 (1835)
= Actinospora pterosperma Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 60 (1842)
= Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 28 (1859)
= Cimicifuga dahurica f. mascula (Regel) Huth; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 317 (1892)
= Cimicifuga dahurica Huth; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 316 (1893)
= Cimicifuga dahurica var. fertilis Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34: 120 (1861)
= Cimicifuga dahurica var. mascula Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34: 121 (1861)
= Thalictrodes dahurica (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kuntze ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 4 (1891)
species :
Actaea elata (Nutt.) Prantl; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 246 (1888)
Name: Tall bugbane
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Oregon, Washington State)
71 CDN 73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Actaea cimicifuga Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 1: 26 (1829)
= Actaea elata var. alpestris (H.W.Lee & C.W.Park) Cubey; Hanburyana 1: 14 (2006)
= Cimicifuga elata Nutt.; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 1: 36 (1838)
= Cimicifuga elata var. alpestris H.W.Lee & C.W.Park; Novon 14(2): 182 (2004)
= Cimicifuga foetida Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 373 (1813), nom. illeg.
= Thalictrodes elata (Nutt.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 4 (1891)
species :
Actaea europaea (Schipcz.) Compton; Taxon 47: 622 (1998)
Name: Europäisches Wanzenkraut
Distribution: Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Romania; Bulgaria; Belarus; C-European Russia; Ukraine; Turkey; Iran
11 AUT CZE HUN POL SLO 13 BUL ROM 14 BLR RUS UKR 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga europaea Schipcz.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 7: 85 (1937)
species :
Actaea grata (Stepanov) Luferov; Bot. Pacifica 13(Spec.): 15 (2024)
Distribution: Siberia (Sayan)
30 SIB
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga grata Stepanov; Fl. N.E. W. Sayan 124 (2006)
species :
Actaea heracleifolia (Kom.) Compton; Taxon 47: 624 (1998)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol); North Korea; South Korea
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 18(3): 438-439 (1901)
species :
Actaea japonica Thunb.; Syst. Veg., ed. 14 [J.A.Murray] 488 (1784)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang); South Korea (Cheju Isl.); Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku)
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Actaea acerina (Siebold & Zucc.) Prantl; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9(3): 246 (1888)
= Actaea japonica var. ternata (Maxim. ex Makino) Makino; (1892)
= Cimicifuga acerina (Siebold & Zucc.) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44(518): 100 (1930), isonym
= Cimicifuga acerina (Siebold & Zucc.) Tanaka; Bult. Sci. Fak. Terk. Kjusu Imp. Univ. 1-4: 203, 209 (1925)
= Cimicifuga acerina f. hispidula P.K.Hsiao; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 54 (1965)
= Cimicifuga acerina var. intermedia H.Hara; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 13: 200 (1943)
= Cimicifuga acerina var. macrophylla (Koidz.) H.Hara; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 13: 200 (1943)
= Cimicifuga acerina var. peltata (Makino) H.Hara; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 13: 201 (1985)
= Cimicifuga chinensis Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44(518): 102 (1930)
= Cimicifuga japonica (Thunb.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 628 (1825)
= Cimicifuga japonica f. peltata Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 140 (1910)
= Cimicifuga japonica var. acerina (Siebold & Zucc.) Huth; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 316 (1892)
= Cimicifuga japonica var. macrophylla (Koidz.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 60(5): 137 (1985)
= Cimicifuga japonica var. peltata (Makino) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 60(5): 137 (1985)
= Cimicifuga japonica var. ternata Maxim. ex Makino; (1890)
= Cimicifuga macrophylla Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44(518): 101 (1930)
= Cimicifuga obtusiloba var. peltata (Makino) Satake & Okuyama; Nat. Sci. Mus. 13(8): 17 (217) (1942)
= Cimicifuga peltata (Makino) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 101 (1930)
= Pityrosperma acerinum Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3: 735, t. 3, f. g (1843)
= Thalictrodes japonica (Thunb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 4 (1891)
variant :
var. acutiloba (H.Hara) Compton; Taxon 47: 620 (1998)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga japonica var. acutiloba H.Hara; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 13: 200 (1943)
species :
Actaea kashmiriana (Compton & Hedd.) Compton; Taxon 47: 622 (1998)
Distribution: Tibet; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
36 TIB 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga kashmiriana Compton & Hedd.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 123: 16 (1997)
species :
Actaea laciniata (S.Watson) Compton; Taxon 47: 621 (1998)
Name: Mt. Hood bugbane
Distribution: USA (Oregon, Washington State)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga laciniata S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20: 352 (1885)
species :
Actaea muliensis J.P.Luo, Q.E.Yang & Q.Yuan; Nordic J. Bot. 34(6): 728 (2016)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Actaea nanchuanensis (P.K.Hsiao) J.P.Luo, Q.Yuan & Q.E.Yang; Nordic J. Bot. 34(1): 97 (2016)
Distribution: China (SE-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga nanchuanensis P.K.Hsiao; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 56 (1965)
species :
Actaea pachypoda Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2(1): 15 (1821)
Name: White baneberry
Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Actaea alba f. rubrocarpa Killip; Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 40 (1923)
= Actaea brachypetala var. coerulea DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 1: 385 (1817)
= Actaea brachypetala var. microcarpa DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 1: 385 (1817)
= Actaea pachypoda f. microcarpa (DC.) Fassett; Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 38: 196 (1946)
= Actaea pachypoda f. rubrocarpa (Killip) Fernald; Rhodora 42: 264 (1946)
species :
Actaea podocarpa DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 1: 282 (1817)
Name: Mountain bugbane
Distribution: USA (Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)
74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Actaea americana Prantl; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 246 (1887)
= Actaea cordifolia DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 1: 383 (1817)
= Actaea pentacarpa Michx. ex Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 1: 39 (1840)
= Cimicifuga americana Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 316 (1803) (nom. illeg. in syn.)
= Cimicifuga cordifolia (DC.) Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 1: 36 (1838)
= Cimicifuga podocarpa (DC.) Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 16 (1821)
= Cimicifuga racemosa var. cordifolia (DC.) A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(1): 55 (1895)
= Thalictrodes americana (Michx.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 4 (1891)
= Thalictrodes cordifolia (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 4 (1891)
species :
Actaea purpurea (P.K.Hsiao) Compton; Taxon 47: 619 (1998)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga purpurea (P.K.Hsiao) C.W.Park & H.W.Lee; Novon 6(1): 93 (1996)
= Cimicifuga acerina f. purpurea P.K.Hsiao; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 54 (1965)
= Cimicifuga acerina f. strigulosa P.K.Hsiao; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 55 (1965)
species :
Actaea racemosa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 504 (1753)
Name: Juli-Silberkerze, Park-Wanzenkraut (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)
11 ger 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Actaea gyrostachya Wender.; Index Sem. (Marburg) 1840: 1 (1840)
= Actaea monogyna Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 151 (1788)
= Actaea orthostachya Wender.; Index Sem. (Marburg) 1840: [7] (1840)
= Botrophis actaeoides Raf. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1: 21 (1835)
= Botrophis pumila Raf.; Med. Fl. 1: 86 (1828)
= Botrophis serpentaria Raf.; Med. Fl. 1: 85 (1828)
= Cimicifuga americana Muhl.; Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept., ed. 2: 54 (1818)
= Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 2: 15 (1818)
= Cimicifuga serpentaria Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 372 (1813)
= Cimicifuga serpentaria var. orthostachya Wender.; Schriften Ges. Beförd. Gesammten Naturwiss. Marburg 2: 256 (1831)
= Macrotrys actaeoides Raf.; Med. Repos., Ser. 2, 5: 352 (1808)
= Macrotrys racemosa (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 9 (1826)
= Megotrys serpentaria Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 267 (1818)
= Thalictrodes racemosa (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 4 (1891)
variant :
var. dissecta (A.Gray) Compton; Taxon 47: 614 (1998)
Distribution: USA (Delaware)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga racemosa var. dissecta A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray] ed. 6: 47 (1890)
= Cimicifuga racemosa f. dissecta (A.Gray) Fernald; Rhodora 42: 266 (1940)
species :
Actaea rubifolia (Kearney) Kartesz; Synth. N. Amer. Fl., nomencl. innov., Ver. 1: no. 1 (1999)
Name: Appalachian bugbane
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia)
74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga rubifolia Kearney; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 561 (1897)
species :
Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 561 (1809)
subspecies :
subsp. rubra
Name: Red baneberry
Distribution: Norway; Sweden; Finland; Estonia [I]; C-European Russia; N-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi); Mongolia; North Korea (Baekdu-san); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Connecticut, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin)
10 FIN NOR SWE 14 est RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP NKO 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Actaea alba (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 7: no. 2 (1759)
= Actaea americana var. alba (L.) Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 366 (1813)
= Actaea americana var. rubra (Aiton) Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 367 (1813)
= Actaea aspleniifolia Greene; Ottawa Naturalist 16: 35 (1902)
= Actaea brachypetala DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 1: 385 (1817)
= Actaea brachypetala var. alba (L.) DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 1: 385 (1817)
= Actaea brachypetala var. rubra (Aiton) DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 1: 385 (1817)
= Actaea californica Greene; Ottawa Naturalist 16: 36 (1902)
= Actaea caudata Greene; Ottawa Naturalist 16: 35 (1902)
= Actaea erythrocarpa (Fisch.) Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 45: 135 (1895)
= Actaea erythrocarpa (Fisch.) Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 22: 237 (1903), isonym
= Actaea longipes Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 7: 388 (1838)
= Actaea neglecta Gillman; Drugs Med. N. Amer. 1: 235 (1885)
= Actaea rubra f. neglecta (Gillmann) B.L.Rob.; Rhodora 10: 66 (1908)
= Actaea rubra var. dissecta Britton; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown] 2: 55 (1897)
= Actaea rubra var. gigantea R.R.Gates; Bot. Gaz. 61: 201 (1916)
= Actaea spicata subsp. erythrocarpa (Fisch.) Hultén; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., Ser. 4, 13(1): 166 (1971)
= Actaea spicata subsp. rubra (Aiton) Hultén; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., Ser. 4, 13(1): 166 (1971)
= Actaea spicata var. alba L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 504 (1753) (nom. rej. prop.)
= Actaea spicata var. dissecta (Britton) K.C.Davis; Tax. Stud. N. Amer. Ranunc. 28 (1900)
= Actaea spicata var. erythrocarpa (Fisch.) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 71 (1842)
= Actaea spicata var. erythrocarpa Fisch.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1: 20 (1835)
= Actaea spicata var. rubra Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 221 (1789)
= Actaea vulgaris var. erythrocarpa (Fisch.) Spach; (1838)
= Christophoriana alba (L.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 326 (1914)
= Christophoriana rubra (Aiton) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 326 (1914)
= Dipleina umbellata Raf.; Autik. Bot. 54 (1840)
subspecies :
subsp. arguta (Nutt.) Hultén; Acta Univ. Lund. 2 40: 717 (1945)
Name: Red baneberry
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Actaea arguta Nutt.; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 1: 35 (1838)
= Actaea arguta var. alabastrina Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 123 (1911)
= Actaea arguta var. eburnea (Rydb.) Cockerell; Fl. Boulder Colorado [Daniels] 119 (1911)
= Actaea arguta var. pauciflora R.R.Gates; Bot. Gaz. 61: 202 (1916)
= Actaea arguta var. viridiflora (Greene) Tidestr. & Kittell; Fl. Ariz. New Mex. 25 (1941)
= Actaea eburnea Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 153 (1900)
= Actaea rubra var. arguta (Nutt.) M.A.Lawson; Proc. & Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada 2: 84 (1884)
= Actaea spicata f. arguta (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Huth; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 309 (1893)
= Actaea spicata subsp. arguta (Nutt.) Hultén; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., Ser. 4, 13(1): 166 (1971)
= Actaea spicata var. arguta (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, no. 4) [Whipple] 63 (1857)
= Actaea viridiflora Greene; Pittonia 2: 108 (1890)
= Actaea viridiflora var. clementiorum R.R.Gates; Bot. Gaz. 61: 203 (1916)
= Christophoriana arguta (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 362 (1916)
= Christophoriana arguta var. alabastrina Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 362 (1916)
species :
Actaea simplex (DC.) Wormsk. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1: 21 (1835)
Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Henan); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan
30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Actaea cimicifuga var. simplex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 64 (1824)
= Actaea matsumurae (Nakai) Compton & Hedd.; Taxon 47: 625 (1998)
= Actaea simplex (DC.) Wormsk. ex Prantl; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 246 (1888)
= Actaea yezoensis (Nakai) Compton & Hedd.; Taxon 47: 624 (1998)
= Cimicifuga cimicifuga var. intermedia (Regel) Graebn.; (1926)
= Cimicifuga dahurica var. candollei Huth; Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 1094 (1897)
= Cimicifuga dahurica var. tschonoskii Huth; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 317 (1892)
= Cimicifuga foetida f. hermaphrodita Huth; (1892)
= Cimicifuga foetida f. laciniata Makino & Nemoto; Fl. Japan. [Makino & Nemoto] 1966 (1925)
= Cimicifuga foetida f. mascula Huth; (1892)
= Cimicifuga foetida f. purpurea Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 3: 39 (1926)
= Cimicifuga foetida var. femina Huth; (1893)
= Cimicifuga foetida var. intermedia Regel; Reis. Ostsib. 1(1): 122 (1862)
= Cimicifuga foetida var. leiogyna Takeda; (1910)
= Cimicifuga foetida var. matsumurae Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: 151 (1908)
= Cimicifuga foetida var. simplex (DC.) Regel; Tent. Fl. Ussur. 13 (1861)
= Cimicifuga foetida var. tschonoskii (Huth) Matsum. & Nakai; (1908)
= Cimicifuga matsumurae (Nakai) Luferov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 105(3): 57 (2000)
= Cimicifuga matsumurae var. leiogyna (H.Takeda) Luferov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s., 105(3): 57 (2000)
= Cimicifuga ramosa (Maxim. ex Franch. & Sav.) Nakai; Index Sem. (Tokyo) 1932: 15 (1932)
= Cimicifuga simplex (DC.) Wormsk. ex Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 87 (1842)
= Cimicifuga simplex f. villosa Nakai; (1916)
= Cimicifuga simplex var. intermedia (Regel) Nakai; (1916)
= Cimicifuga simplex var. matsumurae (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 146 (1916)
= Cimicifuga simplex var. ramosa Maxim.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 13 (1875) (nom. inval.)
= Cimicifuga simplex var. shikokiana Nakai; (1916)
= Cimicifuga simplex var. tschonoskii (Huth) Nakai; (1916)
= Cimicifuga simplex var. yezoensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 146 (1916)
= Cimicifuga taquetii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 448 (1911)
= Cimicifuga ussuriensis Oett.; Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 6: 138 (1906)
= Cimicifuga yezoensis (Nakai) Kudô; J. Coll. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 12: 36 (1923)
= Thalictrodes simplex (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 4 (1891)
species :
Actaea spicata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 504 (1753)
Name: Christophskraut (DE), Baneberry (EN)
Distribution: England (N-England, S-Scotland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of N- & C-Greece); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran)
10 DEN FIN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Actaea christophoriana Gouan; Fl. Monsp. [Gouan] 152 (1764) (nom. illeg.)
= Actaea corymbosa Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 176 (1812)
= Actaea densiflora M.Král; Preslia 52(4): 353 (1980)
= Actaea nigra (L.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.; Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 1: 265 (1799), nom. illeg.
= Actaea racemosa Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 226 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Actaea spicata f. colorata Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 8B(48B): 52 (1909 publ. 1908)
= Actaea spicata subsp. nigra Ehrh.; Hannover. Mag. 18: 224 (1780), nom. inval.
= Actaea spicata var. alpina Kitt.; (1853)
= Actaea spicata var. aquilegiifolia Dageförde & Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 3: 478 (1912)
= Actaea spicata var. melanocarpa Ledeb.; (1841)
= Actaea spicata var. nigra L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: (1753), nom. inval.
= Christophoriana spicata (L.) Borkh.; Rhein. Mag. Erweiter. Naturk. 1(Fl. Grafsch. Catzenelnbogen): 458 (1793)
= Christophoriana spicata (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 276 (1794)
= Christophoriana vulgaris Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 15(2): 44 (1869)
variant :
var. acuminata (Wall. ex Royle) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 51: 132 (1976)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); SE-Tibet; Pakistan (Azad Kashmir, Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Murree); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)
34 AFG 36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Actaea acuminata Wall.; (Numer. List [Wallich] 167, no. 4726 (1831), nomen) ex Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 57 (1834)
= Actaea spicata f. acuminata (Wall.) Huth; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 308 (1892)
species :
Actaea taiwanensis Compton; Taxon 47: 624 (1998)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga taiwanensis (Compton, Hedd. & T.Y.A.Yang) Luferov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 105(3): 57 (2000)
species :
Actaea vaginata (Maxim.) Compton; Taxon 47: 613 (1998)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Bhutan; India (Sikkim); Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Coptis ospriocarpa Brühl; Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 5(2): 89, t. 115 (1896)
= Isopyrum vaginatum Maxim.; Fl. Tangut. 18, pl. 30 (1889)
= Souliea vaginata (Maxim.) Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 12(5): 70 (1898)
species :
Actaea yunnanensis (P.K.Hsiao) Compton; Taxon 47: 621 (1998)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Cimicifuga yunnanensis P.K.Hsiao; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 55 (1965)
species :
Actaea ×ludovici B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 94: 644 (1967)
Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (New Jersey, New York)
72 CDN 75 USA
Remarks: Actaea pachypoda x Actaea rubra
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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