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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35249; hybrids: 678
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.3225 Genus Afrocarduus (Kazmi) N.Garcia, Moreyra & Susanna; Plants (Basel) 12(17)-3083: 14 (2023)
Distribution: tropical Africa (mostly mountains of E-Africa)
Species listed in database: 10
species :
Afrocarduus afromontanus (R.E.Fr.) N.Garcia, Moreyra & Susanna; Plants (Basel) 12(17)-3083: 14 (2023)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya (mountains)
25 KEN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus afromontanus R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 21 (1925)
= Carduus afromontanus var. breviflorus R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 22 (1925)
species :
Afrocarduus keniensis (R.E.Fr.) N.Garcia, Moreyra & Susanna; Plants (Basel) 12(17)-3083: 14 (2023)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya (mountains); Tanzania
25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus keniensis R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 31 (1925)
= Carduus keniensis subsp. elgonensis (R.E.Fr.) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 169 (1963)
= Carduus keniensis subsp. hedbergii Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 168 (1963)
= Carduus keniensis subsp. kilimandscharicus (R.E.Fr.) Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 169 (1963)
= Carduus keniensis var. aberdaricus R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 33 (1925)
= Carduus keniensis var. elgonensis R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 33 (1925)
= Carduus keniensis var. kilimandscharicus (R.E.Fr.) Hedberg
= Carduus kilimandscharicus R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 30 (1925)
= Carduus subalpinus R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 29 (1925)
species :
Afrocarduus kikuyorum (R.E.Fr.) N.Garcia, Moreyra & Susanna; Plants (Basel) 12(17)-3083: 14 (2023)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Uganda; Kenya (mountains); Tanzania
23 RWA ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus kikuyorum R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 24 (1925)
= Carduus kikuyorum var. goetzenii R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 25 (1925)
= Carduus nyassanus subsp. kikuyorum (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Comp. (Part 1): 49 (2000)
species :
Afrocarduus leptacanthus (Fresen.) N.Garcia, Moreyra & Susanna; Plants (Basel) 12(17)-3083: 15 (2023)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania
23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 ETH 25 TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus abyssinicus Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 332 (1846)
= Carduus leptacanthus Fresen.; Mus. Senckenberg. 3: 70 (1845)
= Carduus semiensis Pic.Serm.; Miss. Stud. Lago Tana 7(Ricerche Bot., Pt. 1): 234 (1951)
= Carduus stolzii R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 23 (1925)
species :
Afrocarduus macracanthus (Kazmi) N.Garcia, Moreyra & Susanna; Plants (Basel) 12(17)-3083: 15 (2023)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus macracanthus Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 164 (1963)
species :
Afrocarduus millefolius (R.E.Fr.) N.Garcia, Moreyra & Susanna; Plants (Basel) 12(17)-3083: 15 (2023)
Distribution: Kenya (mountains)
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus millefolius R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 34 (1925)
= Carduus centifolius R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 34 (1925)
species :
Afrocarduus nyassanus (S.Moore); Plants (Basel) 12(17)-3083: 15 (2023)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe
22 NGA 23 BUR CMN RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus leptacanthus var. nyassanus S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 326 (1906)
= Carduus leptacanthus var. steudneri Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891(2): 450 (1892)
= Carduus nyassanus R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 25 (1925)
= Carduus nyassanus subsp. buchingeri (Kazmi) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 36, Suppl. 1173 (1967)
= Carduus nyassanus var. ruandensis R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 26 (1925)
= Carduus steudneri R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 27 (1925)
= Carduus steudneri subsp. buchingeri Kazmi; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 163 (1963)
species :
Afrocarduus ruwenzoriensis (S.Moore) N.Garcia, Moreyra & Susanna; Plants (Basel) 12(17)-3083: 15 (2023)
Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Uganda (Ruwenzori)
23 ZAI 25 UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus blepharolepis Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 6: 151 (1907)
= Carduus butaguensis De Wild.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 8: 115 (1923)
= Carduus lanuriensis De Wild.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 8: 116 (1923)
= Carduus ruwenzoriensis S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 364 (1902)
= Carduus ruwenzoriensis subsp. lanuriensis (De Wild.) Hedberg; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 15: 250 (1957)
species :
Afrocarduus schimperi (Sch.Bip.) N.Garcia, Moreyra & Susanna; Plants (Basel) 12(17)-3083: 15 (2023)
Distribution: South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Kenya (mountains); Tanzania
23 ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus chamaecephalus (Vatke) Oliv. & Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 434 (1877)
= Carduus ellenbeckii R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 16 (1925)
= Carduus eremocephalus Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 10: 387 (1912)
= Carduus nanus R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 19 (1925)
= Carduus platyphyllus R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 20 (1925)
= Carduus schimperi Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 334 (1847)
= Carduus schimperi subsp. nanus (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Comp. (Part 1): 47 (2000)
= Carduus schimperi subsp. platyphyllus (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Comp. (Part 1): 47 (2000)
= Carduus theodori R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 17 (1925)
= Carduus theodori var. serrulatus R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 17 (1925)
= Cnicus chamaecephalus Vatke; Linnaea 39: 511 (1875)
species :
Afrocarduus silvarum (R.E.Fr.) N.Garcia, Moreyra & Susanna; Plants (Basel) 12(17)-3083: 16 (2023)
Distribution: Kenya (mountains)
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus silvarum R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 22 (1925), as ´sylvarum´
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life