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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

131.0000 Family Orchidaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 64 (1789), nom. cons.
over 800 genera, more than 30.000 spp. worldwide, mostly tropical
Species listed in database: 30483; hybrids: 1409
= Apostasiaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl.: 22 (1833), nom. cons.
= Cypripediaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl.: 22 (1833)
= Limodoraceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam.: 44 (1847)
= Liparidaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 567 (1895)
= Neottiaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 50 (1834)
= Neuwiediaceae R.Dahlgren ex Reveal & Hoogland; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., ser. 4, sect. B Adansonia 13: 91 (1991)
= Ophrydaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 566 (1895)
= Pycnanthaceae Ravenna; Onira 12(6): 29 (2011)
= Vanillaceae Lindl.; Key Bot.: 73 (1835)
131.5105 Genus Cephalanthera Rich.; Orch. Eur. Annot. (Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 51, 1818) 29 (1817)
Distribution: Temperate Eurasia, incl. (6) European part of Russia, Northern Caucasus, Middle Asia, Far East (4)
Species listed in database: 21; hybrids: 6
= Callithronum Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 4: 148 (1789)
= Dorycheile Rchb.; Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch: 56 (1841)
= Eburophyton A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 48 (1904)
= Lonchophyllum Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 4: 148 (1789)
= Tangtsinia S.C.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 194 (1965)
= Xiphophyllum Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 4: 148 (1789)
species :
Cephalanthera alpicola Fukuy.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 52: 242 (1938)
Distribution: C- to N-Taiwan
38 TAI
Remarks: sometimes included in C. longifolia s. l.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera taiwaniana S.S.Ying; Mem. Coll. Agric. Nation. Taiwan Univ. 28(2): 37 (1988)
variant :
var. shizuoi (F.Maek.) T.Hashim.; Proc. 12th World Orchid Conf. 1987 (eds. K. Saito & R. Tanaka): 120 (1987)
Distribution: Japan (Hondo)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera erecta var. shizuoi (F.Maek.) Ohwi ex K.Inoue; Fl. Japan IVb: 256 (2016)
= Cephalanthera shizuoi F.Maek.; Icon. pl. As. Or. 1: 58 (1936)
species :
Cephalanthera austiniae (A.Gray) A.Heller; Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. II, 4 (1900)
Name: Ghost Orchid, Phantom Orchid, Snow Orchid
Distribution: C-Canada (SW-British Columbia); NW-USA (Washington, Idaho, Oregon, California)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: Subgen. Eburophyton
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera austiniae (A.Gray) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. 3: 619 (1883)
= Cephalanthera oregana Rchb.f.; Linnaea 41: 53 (1876), nom. rej.
= Chloraea austiniae A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 83 (1877)
= Chloraea oregana (Rchb.f.) Nutt. ex Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. 3: 619 (1883)
= Eburophyton austiniae (A.Gray) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 49 (1904)
= Epipactis austiniae (A.Gray) Wettst.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 429 (1889)
= Epipactis oregana (Rchb.f.) Wettst.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 429 (1889)
= Limodorum austiniae (A.Gray) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891)
= Limodorum oreganum (Rchb.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891)
= Serapias austiniae (A.Gray) A.A.Eaton; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 66 (1908)
species :
Cephalanthera calcarata S.C.Chen & K.Y.Lang; Acta Bot. Yunnanica 8(3): 271 (1986)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cephalanthera caucasica Kraenzl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 65: 67 (1931)
Distribution: Armenia; S-Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iran
33 ARM AZE 34 IRN
Remarks: often included in C. kotschyana
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera acuminata Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 4: 78 (1852), nom. illeg.
= Cephalanthera damasonium subsp. caucasica (Kraenzl.) H.Sund.; Europ. Medit. Orchid., ed. 3: 41 (1980)
species :
Cephalanthera cucullata Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov., ser. 1, 2(13): 12 (1853)
Distribution: Crete
13 KRI
Remarks: cucullata agg.
Conservation Status: IUCN V, rare, endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Epipactis cucullata (Boiss. & Heldr.) Wettst.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 429 (1889), nom. illeg.
= Limodorum cucullatum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 672 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Serapias cucullata (Boiss. & Heldr.) A.A.Eaton; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 67 (1908)
species :
Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 225 (1906)
Name: Bleiches Waldvöglein, Weißes Waldvöglein (DE)
Distribution: England; Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; ?Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Crete; European Turkey; Estonia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; European Russia (W-European Russia, C-European Russia); Algeria; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Imereti, Kartli,Trialiti, Abkhazia); Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey; N-Iran; Cyprus; China (N- to NW-Yunnan); Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya); Myanmar (Kachin, Chin)
10 DEN GRB SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 BAL COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 EST KRY MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP IRN TUR 36 CHI 40 BHU IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera alba (Crantz) Fritsch; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 38: 81 (1888), isonym
= Cephalanthera alba (Crantz) Simonk.; Enum. fl. Transsilv. 504 (1886)
= Cephalanthera alba var. adenophora R.Keller; Fl. Schweiz ed. 3: 75 (1914)
= Cephalanthera damasonium lusus ochroleuca (Baumg.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 16 (3-41: 367 (1971)
= Cephalanthera damasonium f. collina (Zapal.) Soó; Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 11: 54 (1969)
= Cephalanthera damasonium f. gracilis (Zapal.) Soó; Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 11: 54 (1969)
= Cephalanthera damasonium f. spicata (W.Zimm.) Soó; Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 11: 54 (1969)
= Cephalanthera grandiflora Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 210 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Cephalanthera lancifolia (Murray) Dumort.; Fl. Belg.: 134 (1827)
= Cephalanthera latifolia f. adenophora (R.Keller) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 113 (1928)
= Cephalanthera latifolia f. collina (Zapal.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 112 (1928)
= Cephalanthera latifolia f. gracilis (Zapal.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 113 (1928)
= Cephalanthera latifolia f. pienena (Zapal.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 113 (1928)
= Cephalanthera latifolia f. spicata (W.Zimm.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 112 (1928)
= Cephalanthera latifolia Janch.; Mitt. Nat. Ver. Wien 5: 11 (1907)
= Cephalanthera ochroleuca (Baumg.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 140 (20) (1830)
= Cephalanthera pallens Rich.; Orch. Eur. Annot. (Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 60 (1818)
= Cephalanthera pallens subsp. ochroleuca (Baumg.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 687 (1882)
= Cephalanthera pallens var. collina Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 223 (1906)
= Cephalanthera pallens var. gracilis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 223 (1906)
= Cephalanthera pallens var. pienena Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 223 (1906)
= Cephalanthera yunnanensis Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. VII: 1339 (1936)
= Cymbidium pallens Sw.; J. Bot. (Schrader) 2: 225 (1799), nom. illeg.
= Epipactis alba Crantz; Stirp. Austr. ed. II, fasc. 6: 460 (1769)
= Epipactis alba f. spicata W.Zimm.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 23: 11 (1917)
= Epipactis lancifolia (Murray) F.W.Schmidt; Samml. Phys.-Oekon. Aufsätze 1: 252 (1795)
= Epipactis ochroleuca Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 174 (1817)
= Epipactis pallens Sw.; Neues J. Bot. 1(1): 65 (1805), nom. illeg.
= Epipactis pallida Sw.; Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 232 (1800)
= Serapias damasonium Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8, n. 2 (1768)
= Serapias grandiflora subsp. lancifolia (Murray) Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 1: 109 (1787), nom. inval.
= Serapias grandiflora var. lancifolia (Murray) Merrem; 401 (1809)
= Serapias lancifolia (L.) Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 2: II. 409 (1793)
= Serapias lancifolia Murray; Syst. Veg. ed. 14.: 815 (1784)
= Serapias latifolia Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 4 (1768), nom. illeg.
= Serapias ochroleuca (Baumg.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 766 (1821)
= Serapias pallens (Sw.) S.B.Jundz.; Opisan. Rósl.: 268 (1830)
= Serapias tota-alba Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 493 (1792), opus utique oppr.
species :
Cephalanthera epipactoides Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IV. 1: 30 (1854)
Name: Gesporntes Waldvöglein (DE); Eastern Hooded Helleborine (EN)
Distribution: NE-Greece; European Turkey; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia); Armenia; ?Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos, Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Kos, ?Simi); Turkey
13 GRC TUE 33 ARM GEO 34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera cucullata subsp. epipactoides (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) H.Sund.; Europ. Medit. Orchideen 45 (1975)
species :
Cephalanthera erecta (Thunb.) Blume; Orch. Archip. Ind. 188 (1858)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.); China (Anhui, N-Fujian, NW-Gansu, N-Guangdong, N-Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu); Taiwan; Bhutan
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR TAI 40 BHU
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera erecta f. pelorica H.Hayak. & Suetsugu; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 71(2): 165 (2020)
= Cephalanthera erecta f. subaphylla (Miyabe & Kudô) M.Hiroe; Orchid Flowers 2: 63 (1971)
= Cephalanthera erecta var. oblanceolata N.Pearce & P.J.Cribb; Edinburgh J. Bot. 58(1): 110 (2001)
= Cephalanthera erecta var. subaphylla (Miyabe & Kudô) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 33: 69 (1953)
= Cephalanthera erecta var. szechuanica Schltr. ex H.Limpr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 342 (1922)
= Cephalanthera nanlingensis A.Q.Hu & F.W.Xing; Novon 19: 56 (2009)
= Cephalanthera subaphylla f. conformis H.Hayak.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 67(3): 200 (2016)
= Cephalanthera subaphylla f. leucophylla Suetsugu; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 68(3): 200 (2017)
= Cephalanthera subaphylla Miyabe & Kudô; J. Fac. Agric., Sapporo 26: 373 (1932)
= Cephalanthera szechuanica (Schltr.) Schltr.; Act. Hort. Gothoburg. 1: 146 (1924)
= Cymbidium erectum (Thunb.) Sw.; J. Bot. (Schrader) 1799(2): 226 (1800)
= Epipactis erecta (Thunb.) Sw.; Schrad., Neues J. 1: 65 (1805)
= Limodorum erectum (Thunb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891)
= Serapias erecta Thunb.; Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg. ed. 14.: 816 (1784)
species :
Cephalanthera ericiflora Szlach. & Mytnik; Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 77(3): 213 (2008)
Distribution: Laos
41 LAO
species :
Cephalanthera exigua Seidenf.; Bot. Tidsskr. 70(1): 71 (1975)
Distribution: N-Thailand; Laos
41 LAO THA
species :
Cephalanthera falcata (Thunb.) Blume; Orch. Archip. Ind. 187 (1858)
Distribution: China (Anhui, NW-Fujian, N-Guangdong, N-Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, W-Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera bijiangensis S.C.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25(6): 472 (1987)
= Cephalanthera elegans Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 58 (1919)
= Cephalanthera falcata f. conformis H.Hayak. & J.Yokoy.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 65(3): 136 (2014)
= Cephalanthera falcata var. flava X.H.Jin & S.C.Chen; Native Orchids Gaoligongshan Mountain 140 (2009)
= Cephalanthera japonica A.Gray; Perry, Narr. Exped. China Japan 2: 319 (1857)
= Cephalanthera platycheila Rchb.f.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 3: 335 (1845)
= Cephalanthera raymondiae Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 342 (1922)
= Cymbidium falcatum (Thunb.) Sw.; J. Bot. (Schrader) 2: 226 (1799)
= Epipactis falcata (Thunb.) Sw.; Schrad., Neues J. 1: 66 (1805)
= Limodorum falcatum (Thunb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 672 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Pelexia falcata (Thunb.) Spreng.; Syst. 3: 704 (1826)
= Pelexia japonica Spreng.; Syst. 3: 704 (1826)
= Serapias falcata Thunb.; Fl. Jap. 28 (1784) ex A. Murray, Linnaeus, Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 816 (1784)
species :
Cephalanthera gracilis S.C.Chen & Y.B.Luo; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 24(5): 600 (2002)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cephalanthera humilis X.H.Jin; Nordic J. Bot. 29(5): 598 (2011)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cephalanthera kotschyana Renz & Taubenheim; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38(1): 97 (1980)
Name: Kotschys Waldvöglein
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Turkey
33 NCS 34 TUR
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera damasonium subsp. kotschyana (Renz & Taubenh.) H.Sund.; Europ. Medit. Orchid., ed. 3: 41 (1980):
= Cephalanthera pallens Hohen.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 257 (1838), nom. illeg.
species :
Cephalanthera kurdica Bornm. ex Kraenzl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 143 (1895)
Name: Kurdisches Waldvöglein
Distribution: Armenia; S-Turkey; Iraq; Iran; Syria
33 ARM 34 IRN IRQ SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera andrusi Post; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 163 (1895)
= Cephalanthera cucullata subsp. floribunda (Woronow) H.Sund.; Europ. Medit. Orchideen 45 (1975)
= Cephalanthera cucullata subsp. kurdica (Bornm. ex Kraenzl.) H.Sund.; Europ. Medit. Orchideen 45 (1975)
= Cephalanthera cucullata var. kurdica (Bornm. ex Kraenzl.) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 509 (1910)
= Cephalanthera floribunda Woronow; Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis 10: 22 (1908)
= Cephalanthera kurdica subsp. floribunda (Woronow) Soó; Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eotvos, Sect. Biol. 11: 55 (1969)
= Serapias kurdica (Bornm. ex Kraenzl.) A.A.Eaton; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 67 (1908)
species :
Cephalanthera longibracteata Blume; Orch. Archip. Ind. 188 (1858)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (S-Jilin, Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera ensifolia var. longibracteata (Blume) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 209 (1866)
= Epipactis longibracteata (Blume) Wettst.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 428 (1889)
= Limodorum longibracteatum (Blume) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891)
= Serapias longibracteata (Blume) A.A.Eaton; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 67 (1908)
species :
Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 38: 81 (1888)
subspecies :
subsp. longifolia
Name: Langblättriges Waldvöglein, Schwertblättriges Waldvöglein (DE); Narrow-leaved Helleborine (EN)
Distribution: Scandinavia; England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; +Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, +Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Crete; European Turkey; Estonia; +Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; European Russia (C-European Russia, W-European Russia, E-European Russia); Siberia (W-Siberia); Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Racha-Lechkhumi, Imereti, Guria, Kartli, Kakheti, Trialeti); Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos, etc.); Turkey; Iran; Afghanistan; Cyprus; Lebanon; Syria; Israel; Jordania; China (NW-Gansu, W-Henan, W-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, S-Shanxi, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; NE-Pakistan (Kurram, Swat, Chitral); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Mizoram, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 30 SIB 32 KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera acuminata Lindl. ex Wall.; Numer. List 247, n. 7405 (1832), nom. nud.
= Cephalanthera acuminata Wall. ex Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 412 (1840)
= Cephalanthera angustifolia Simonk.; Enum. fl. Transsilv. (1886) 505
= Cephalanthera ensifolia (L.) Rich.; Orch. Eur. Annot. (Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 60, 1818) 38
= Cephalanthera ensifolia f. citrina (M.Schulze) Hegi; 382 (1909)
= Cephalanthera ensifolia var. acuminata (Wall. ex Lindl.) Tang & F.T.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 67 (1951)
= Cephalanthera ensifolia var. cesari-gonzalezii Rivas Goday & Bellot; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 6: 191 (1948)
= Cephalanthera ensifolia var. maravignae (Tineo) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 687 (1882)
= Cephalanthera lonchophylla Rchb.f.; Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: t. 119 (1851), nom. illeg.
= Cephalanthera longifolia f. angustifolia Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 6: 359 (1959 publ. 1960), nom. illeg.
= Cephalanthera longifolia f. conformis Suetsugu & H.Hayak.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 70(2): 136 (2019)
= Cephalanthera longifolia f. latifolia (Maire) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 6: 359 (1959 publ. 1960)
= Cephalanthera longifolia f. longibracteata (Harz) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 3: 877 (1907)
= Cephalanthera longifolia f. pilosa (Harz) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 114 (1928)
= Cephalanthera longifolia f. pumila Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 3: 876 (1907)
= Cephalanthera longifolia var. gibbosa Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 85 (1882)
= Cephalanthera longifolia var. latifolia (Maire) D.Rivera & Lopez Velez; Orquíd. Prov. Albacete: 55 (1987)
= Cephalanthera longifolia var. longibracteata Asch. & Graebn.; 877 (1907)
= Cephalanthera longifolia var. pilosa Harz; Fl. Deutschl., ed. 5, 4: 330 (1896)
= Cephalanthera longifolia var. pumila Asch. & Graebn.; 876 (1907)
= Cephalanthera longifolia var. rosea Perko; Ber. Arbeitskreis. Heimische Orchid. 19(1): 9 (2002)
= Cephalanthera mairei Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 58 (1919)
= Cephalanthera maravignae Tineo; Guss., Fl. Sic. Syn. 2: 877 (1844)
= Cephalanthera thomsonii Rchb.f.; Linnaea 41: 54 (1876)
= Cephalanthera xiphophyllum (Sw.) Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. 13-14: 135 (1851) (xyphophyllum)
= Cephalanthera xiphophyllum var. latifolia Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 5: 239 (1914)
= Cymbidium xiphophyllum (Ehrh. ex L.f.) Sw.; J. Bot. (Schrader) 1799(2): 226 (1800)
= Epipactis ensifolia (Murray) F.W.Schmidt; Samml. Phys.-Oekon. Aufsätze 1: 251 (1795)
= Epipactis grandiflora (L.) Sm.; Engl. Bot. t. 271 (1795)
= Epipactis grandifolia All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 152 (1785)
= Epipactis longifolia (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 152 (1785)
= Epipactis longifolia var. gibbosa (Boiss.) W.Zimm.; Form. Orch. Deut.: 81 (1912)
= Epipactis longifolia var. longibracteata Harz; Schltdl., Fl. Deutschl. ed. 5., Neuer Abdruck, 4: 330 (1895 publ. 1896)
= Epipactis longifolia var. pilosa Harz; Schltdl., Fl. Deutschl. ed. 5., Neuer Abdruck, 4: 330 (1895 publ. 1896)
= Epipactis xiphophylla (Ehrh. ex L.f.) Sw.; Neues J. Bot. 1(1): 65 (1805)
= Helleborine longifolia (L.) Moench; Methodus: 715 (1794)
= Limodorum acuminatum (Wall. ex Lindl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 672 (1891)
= Limodorum grandiflorum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 672 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Limodorum longifolium (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 672 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Serapias alba (Crantz) Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 8 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Serapias ensifolia (L.f.) Murray; Syst. Veg. ed. 14.: 815 (1784)
= Serapias grandiflora L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 2: 594 (1767), nom. illeg.
= Serapias grandiflora Oeder; Fl. Dan. t. 506 (1770)
= Serapias grandiflora subsp. ensifolia (L.f.) Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 1: 109 (1787)
= Serapias grandiflora var. ensifolia (Murray) Merrem; 401 (1809)
= Serapias grandiflora var. ensifolia L.f.; Suppl. Pl. 404 (1782)
= Serapias helleborine var. longifolia L.; Sp. Pl. 950 (1753)
= Serapias lonchophyllum L.f.; Suppl. Pl.: 405 (1782), nom. illeg.
= Serapias longifolia (L.) Huds.; Fl. Angl. ed. I, 341 (1762)
= Serapias longifolia (L.) L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2.: 1345 (1763), isonym
= Serapias longifolia (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carn. ed. II, 2: 202 (1772), isonym
= Serapias nivea Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2: 52 (1787), nom. superfl.
= Serapias pallida Wahlenb.; Fl. Carpat. Princ.: 291 (1814)
= Serapias xiphophyllum Ehrh. ex L.f.; Suppl. Pl.: 404 (1782)
subspecies :
subsp. conferta B.Baumann & H.Baumann; J. Eur. Orch. 37(2): 249, 251 (2005)
Distribution: Lebanon; Syria; Israel; ?Jordania
34 ISR LEB SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera conferta (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Kreutz; Eurorchis 17: 104 (2005)
= Cephalanthera conferta (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) P.Delforge; Naturalistes Belges 96(Orchid. 28): 14 (2015), isonym
species :
Cephalanthera nanchuanica (S.C.Chen) X.H.Jin & X.G.Xiang; Taxon 61(1): 52 (2012)
Distribution: China (Chongqing, N-Guizhou)
36 CHI
Conservation Status: IUCN R, has not been collected for many years
Synonyms: hidden
= Tangtsinia nanchuanica S.C.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 195 (1965)
species :
Cephalanthera pusilla (Hook.f.) Seidenf.; Bot. Tidsskr. 70(1): 72 (1975)
Distribution: Myanmar (Bago)
41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aphyllorchis pusilla (Hook.f.) Tang & F.T.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(1): 66 (1951)
= Galeola pusilla Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 6: 89 (1896)
species :
Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich.; Orchid. Eur. Annot. 38 (1817), et Mem. Mus. Par. 4: 60 (1818)
Name: Rotes Waldvöglein (DE)
Distribution: England; S-Finland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; +Netherlands; ?Belgium; Luxembourg; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, +Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Crete [I]; European Turkey; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; European Russia (C-European Russia, W-European Russia, E-European Russia); Morocco; Algeria; Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Racha-Lechkhumi, Imereti, Kartli, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli); Armenia; Azerbaijan; S-Azerbaijan (Talysh); East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey; Iran; Cyprus; Lebanon; Syria
10 DEN FIN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS kri MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR 32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera comosa Tineo; Guss., Fl. Sic. Syn. 2: 877 (1844)
= Cephalanthera rubra lusus albiflora (Harz) Touss. & Hoschedé; Fl. Vernon: 254 (1898)
= Cephalanthera rubra f. alba Raynaud; Orchid. Maroc: 93 (1985), no type indicated.
= Cephalanthera rubra f. comosa (Tineo) Robatsch; Wulfenia 7: 104 (2000)
= Cephalanthera rubra f. latior Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 222 (1906)
= Cephalanthera rubra f. parviflora (Harz) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 115 (1928)
= Cephalanthera rubra f. tenczyniensis (Zapal.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 115 (1928)
= Cephalanthera rubra var. albiflora Murr; 62 (1895), nom. inval.
= Cephalanthera rubra var. comosa (Tineo) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 687 (1882)
= Cephalanthera rubra var. leucantha Bordz.; Fl. RSS Ucr. 3: 349 (1950)
= Cephalanthera rubra var. parviflora (Harz) Asch. & Graebn.; 879 (1907)
= Cephalanthera rubra var. tenczyniensis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 222 (1906)
= Cymbidium rubrum (L.) Sw.; J. Bot. (Schrader) 2: 226 (1800)
= Dorycheile rubra (L.) Fuss; Fl. Transsilv.: 628 (1866)
= Epipactis purpurea Crantz; Stirp. Austr. ed. II, fasc. 6: 457 (1769)
= Epipactis rubra (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 153 (1785)
= Epipactis rubra (L.) F.W.Schmidt; Mayer, Phys. Aufs. 1: 253 (1791)
= Epipactis rubra lusus albiflora Harz; Schltdl., Fl. Deutschl. ed. 5., Neuer Abdruck, 4: 330 (1895 publ. 1896)
= Epipactis rubra lusus parviflora Harz; Schltdl., Fl. Deutschl. ed. 5., Neuer Abdruck, 4: 327 (1895 publ. 1896)
= Epipactis rubra var. parviflora (Harz) W.Zimm.; Form. Orch. Deut.: 82 (1912)
= Helleborine rubra (L.) Schrank; Fl. Monac. 2: 119 (1814)
= Limodorum rubrum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891)
= Serapias rubra L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 2: 594 (1767)
species :
Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis Feng Chen, C.Xiong & X.H.Jin; Phytotaxa 626(2): 120 (2023)
Distribution: China (Chongqing)
36 CHI
species :
Cephalanthera ×mayeri (E.Mayer & Zimmerm.) A.Camus; E. G. Camus & A. A. Camus, Iconogr. Orchid. Europe: 503 (1929)
Distribution: S-Germany
11 GER
Remarks: Cephalanthera damasonium x C. rubra
Synonyms: hidden
= Epipactis ×mayeri E.Mayer & Zimmerm.; Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 3: 463 (1918)
species :
Cephalanthera ×otto-hechtii G.Keller; Keller, Monogr. Iconogr. Orchid. Eur. 2: 358 (1936)
Distribution: Europe
Remarks: Cephalanthera longifolia x C. rubra
species :
Cephalanthera ×renzii B.Baumann, H.Baumann, R.Lorenz & Ruedi Peter; J. Eur. Orch. 35: 185 (2003)
Distribution: Azerbaijan
33 AZE
Remarks: Cephalanthera caucasica x longifolia
species :
Cephalanthera ×schaberi H.Baumann; Mitt. Arbeitskr. Heim. Orch. Baden-Württemberg 12(2): 116 (1980)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: Cephalanthera epipactoides x longifolia
species :
Cephalanthera ×schulzei E.G.Camus; Monogr. Orch. 439 (1908)
Distribution: Europe; Germany; Turkey; etc.
11 GER 34 TUR
Remarks: Cephalanthera damasonium x Cephalanthera longifolia
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera ×salaevensis Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 13: 201 (1912)
species :
Cephalanthera ×taubenheimii H.Baumann; Mitt. Arbeitskr. Heim. Orch. Baden-Württemberg 15(2): 220 (1983)
Distribution: E-Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: Cephalanthera damasonium x Cephalanthera kotschyana
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life