458.0000
Family
Caprifoliaceae Adans.; Fam. Pl. 2: 153 (1763), nom. cons.
32-37 genera, ca. 1100 spp. Phylogeny see Lee et al. 2021, Wang et al. 2025
Species listed in database: 1084; hybrids: 34
= Diervillaceae Pyck; Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Dipsacaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 194 (1789), nom. cons.
= Linnaeaceae Backlund; Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Loniceraceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024), nom. illeg.
= Loniceraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 272, 296 (1818)
= Loniceropsida Brongn.; Enum. Pl. Mus. Paris: xvii, 47 (1843)
= Morinaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 88 (1820)
= Scabiosaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 563 (1820)
= Triplostegiaceae A.E.Bobrov ex Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 269 (1965)
= Valerianaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 227 (1802) nom. cons.
458.6701
Genus
Cephalaria Schrad.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) (1814) ex Roem. & Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 1 (1818)
Distribution: Centers in Mediterranean / W-Asia and South Africa, eastward to Pakistan
Species listed in database: 108
= Cephalodes St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 8: 159 (1881)
= Cerionanthus Schott ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 43 (1818)
= Lepicephalus Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 7 (1816)
= Leucopsora Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 95 (1838)
= Phalacrocarpus (Boiss.) Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 9, 10: 158 (1909)
= Xetola Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 95 (1838)
species :
Cephalaria adiyamanensis
Yıld.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 26(2): 106 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria alpina
(L.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 43 (1818)
Name: Alpen-Schuppenkopf
Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; Slovakia; France; ?Italy
11 AUT SLO SWI 12 FRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria laevigata Pančić ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 346 (1879), nom. illeg.
= Cephalaria rupestris Griseb. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 346 (1879)
= Cerionanthus alpinus (L.) Schott ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 43 (1818)
= Lepicephalus alpinus (L.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816), comb. not made.
= Pycnocomon alpinum (L.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46 (1822)
= Scabiosa alpina L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 98 (1753)
= Succisa alpina (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 488 (1794)
species :
Cephalaria ambrosioides
(Sm.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 45 (1818)
Distribution: North Macedonia; S-Albania; Greece (scattered mainland, Evvoia, Athos, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl.)
13 ALB GRC NMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria angustifolia (Post) Gomb.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 104: 618 (1958), nom. provis.
= Cephalaria macrophylla Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 174 (1846)
= Scabiosa alpina Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 79 (1806), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa ambrosioides Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 80 (1806)
species :
Cephalaria anamurensis
Göktürk & Sümbül; PhytoKeys 65: 26 (2016)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria anatolica
Shkhiyan; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 28: 26 (1970)
Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: coriacea agg.
species :
Cephalaria aristata
K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 445 (1851)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
33 ARM GEO 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria armena Grossh.; Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 1: 29 (1920)
= Cephalaria calva Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 95 (1859)
= Cephalaria gracilis Bordz.; Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 13: 22 (1912)
= Cephalaria hajasthana Grossh.; (1934)
= Cephalaria sintenisii Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 44: 144 (1894)
species :
Cephalaria armeniaca
Bordz.; Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 13: 22 (1912)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan
33 ARM AZE
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria melanolepis Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Bordz.; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 12-13: 137 (1931)
= Lepicephalus armeniacus (Bordz.) Bordz.; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 7-8: 22 (1928)
species :
Cephalaria armerioides
Szabó; Magyar Tud. Akad. Értes. 56: (New Cephalaria S. Afr.) 611 (1937)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga)
27 SAF
species :
Cephalaria armoraciifolia
Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 504 (1932)
Distribution: Iran (C-Iran)
34 IRN
Remarks: microcephala agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria microcephala var. subindivisa Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 125 (1875)
= Cephalaria subindivisa (Boiss.) Szabó; Mat. Term. Közlem. 38: (Monogr. Gen. Cephalaria) 238 (1940)
species :
Cephalaria attenuata
(L.f.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 44 (1818)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria lavandulacea Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 3: 41 (1865)
= Cephalaria longifolia E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 171 (1843)
= Cephalaria ustulata E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 171 (1843), nom. inval.
= Lepicephalus attenuatus (L.f.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Pycnocomon attenuata (L.f.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46 (1822)
= Scabiosa attenuata L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 118 (1782)
= Scabiosa trifida Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 28 (1794)
= Scabiosa verbenacea Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 250 (1792)
= Succisa attenuata (L.f.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 204 (1826)
= Succisa trifida (Thunb.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 379 (1824)
= Succisa ustulata Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 379 (1824)
species :
Cephalaria axillaris
Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 19(2): 269 (1906)
Distribution: Iran (N-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Cephalaria aytachii
Göktürk & Sümbül; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 40(2): 123 (2003)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria balansae
Raus; Willdenowia 35(1): 59 (2005), nom. nov.
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)
34 LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria dipsacoides Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 107 (1856)
species :
Cephalaria balkharica
E.A.Busch; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 21: 425 (1936)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
species :
Cephalaria boetica
Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 738 (1841)
Distribution: S-Spain (Sa. Bermeja)
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria leucantha var. scabra Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 292 (1840)
species :
Cephalaria bojnordensis
Ranjbar & Z.Ranjbar; Phytotaxa 217(2): 174 (2015)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Cephalaria brevipaleacea
(Sommier & Levier) Litv.; Sched. Herb. Fl. Ross. 6: 156 (1908)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria svanetica Kolak.; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 10: 113 (1941)
= Lepicephalus brevipaleaceus (Sommier & Levier) Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 15: 153 (1916)
species :
Cephalaria calcarea
Albov; Prodr. Fl. Colchic. 126 (1895)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
species :
Cephalaria cedrorum
Mouterde; Saussurea 4: 20 (1974)
Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon)
34 LEB
Remarks: microcephala agg.
species :
Cephalaria chaldoranensis
Ranjbar & Z.Ranjbar; Phytotaxa 311(2): 104 (2017)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Cephalaria cilicica
Boiss. & Kotschy; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 106 (1856)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria cilodaghensis
Ranjbar & Z.Ranjbar; Feddes Repert. 129(1): 15 (2018)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria coriacea
(Willd.) Roem. & Schult. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 327 (1841)
Distribution: Crimea; Northern Caucasus
14 KRY 33 NCS
Remarks: coriacea agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria coriacea (Willd.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 327 (1841)
= Lepicephalus coriaceus (Willd.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Lepicephalus cretaceus (Pall. ex M.Bieb.) Lag. ex Eichw.; Naturhist. Skizze Lithauen Volhynien Podolien [Eichwald] 152 (1830)
= Pycnocomon cretacea (Pall. ex M.Bieb.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46 (1822)
= Scabiosa coriacea Willd.; Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 416 (1801)
= Scabiosa cretacea Pall. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 93 (1808)
= Succisa coriacea (Willd.) Paxton; Pocket Bot. Dict. 306 (1840)
= Succisa cretacea (Pall. ex M.Bieb.) Paxton; Pocket Bot. Dict. 306 (1840)
species :
Cephalaria dagestanica
Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 502 (1932)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria charadzeae Shkhiyan; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 25: 46 (1965)
= Lepicephalus dagestanicus Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 502 (1932), pro syn.
species :
Cephalaria davisiana
Göktürk & Sümbül; Turk. J. Bot. 36(4): 313 (2012)
Distribution: Turkey (Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria decurrens
(Thunb.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 50 (1818)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria ustulata (Thunb.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 43 (1818)
= Lepicephalus decurrens (Thunb.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816), comb. not made.
= Lepicephalus ustulatus (Thunb.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816), comb. not made.
= Pycnocomon ustulatum (Thunb.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46 (1822)
= Scabiosa decurrens Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 28 (1794)
= Scabiosa ustulata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 29 (1794)
= Succisa decurrens (Thunb.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 379 (1824)
species :
Cephalaria demetrii
Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 484 (1932)
Distribution: Crimea
14 KRY
Synonyms: hidden
= Lepicephalus demetrii Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 484 (1932), pro syn.
species :
Cephalaria demirizii
Göktürk & Sümbül; Turk. J. Bot. 38(5): 943 (2014), et Willdenowia 45(3): 454 (2015)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria dichaetophora
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 71 (1846)
Distribution: Iraq; Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ
species :
Cephalaria dirmilensis
Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 6: 369 (1979)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria duzceensis
Aksoy & Göktürk; Nordic J. Bot. 25(1-2): 65 (2008)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria ekimiana
Göktürk & Sümbül; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 34(3): 153 (1997)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria elazigensis
Göktürk & Sümbül; Israel J. Pl. Sci. 51(1): 61 (2003)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria elazigensis var. purpurea Göktürk & Sümbül; Israel J. Pl. Sci. 51(1): 62 (2003), nom. inval.
species :
Cephalaria elmaliensis
Hub.-Mor. & Matthews; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 31: 326 (1972)
Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: stellipilis agg.
species :
Cephalaria fanourii
Perdetz. & Kit Tan; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 32(4): 228 (1995)
Distribution: NW-Greece (Mt. Grammos, Mt. Smolikas)
13 GRC
species :
Cephalaria flava
(Sm.) Szabó; Magyar Bot. Lapok 24: 6 (1926)
subspecies :
subsp. flava
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (scattered NE-, N- & C-Greece)
13 ALB BIH BUL GRC KOS SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria graeca Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 43 (1818)
= Cephalaria virginea Janka; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: 178 (1872)
= Scabiosa decurrens Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 80 (1806), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa graeca (Roem. & Schult.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 447 (1839)
= Scabiosa leucanthema Friv. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 346 (1879), nom. inval.
= Succisa graeca (Roem. & Schult.) Paxton; Pocket Bot. Dict. 306 (1840)
subspecies :
subsp. askiensis
Kit Tan & G.Kofinas; Phytol. Balcan. 27(1): 143 (2021)
Distribution: NC-Greece (Mt. Askio)
13 GRC
subspecies :
subsp. setulifera
(Boiss. & Heldr.) Kokkini; Mountain Fl. Greece [Strid] 2: 352 (1991)
Distribution: E-Greece (Peloponnisos, Evvoia, Attiki)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria setulifera Boiss. & Heldr.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 124 (1875)
species :
Cephalaria foliosa
Compton; J. S. African Bot. 33: 298 (1967)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SAF SWZ
species :
Cephalaria galpiniana
Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 641 (1922)
subspecies :
subsp. galpiniana
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
subspecies :
subsp. simplicior
B.L.Burtt; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43(3): 366 (1986)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
species :
Cephalaria gazipashensis
Sümbül; Edinburgh J. Bot. 48(1): 33 (1991)
subspecies :
subsp. gazipashensis
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
subspecies :
subsp. pilifera
Parolly, Kürschner & Eren; Willdenowia 37(1): 247 (2007)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria gigantea
(Ledeb.) Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 490 (1932)
Name: Riesen-Schuppenkopf (DE), Giant Scabious (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Wisconsin [I])
10 grb 11 ger lux slo 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR 72 cdn 74 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria caucasica Litv.; Spisok Rast. Gerb. Russk. Fl. Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 6: 156 (1908)
= Cephalaria elata (Hornem.) Schrad.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) 1814: 2 (1814)
= Cephalaria sosnowskyi Kolak.; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 10: 111 (1941)
= Cephalaria tatarica (M.Bieb.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 51 (1818)
= Cerionanthus tataricus Schott ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 51 (1818), pro syn.
= Lepicephalus atratus Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 7 (1816), nom. superfl.
= Lepicephalus caucasicus (Litv.) Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 15: 153 (1916)
= Lepicephalus giganteus (Ledeb.) Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 490 (1932)
= Lepicephalus tartarica Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816), nom. inval.
= Pycnocomon tataricum Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46 (1822)
= Scabiosa alpina Georgi; Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich, Nachtr. 259 (1802), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa altissima Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 6 (1768)
= Scabiosa atrata Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 7 (1816), pro syn.
= Scabiosa dipsacoides Boiss. ex Tchich.; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 2: 229 (1860), nomen
= Scabiosa elata Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 126 (1813)
= Scabiosa gigantea Ledeb.; Index Sem. (Dorpat) 1811(Suppl.): 4 (1811)
= Succisa tatarica (Wallr.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 378 (1824)
species :
Cephalaria glaberrima
Contandr. & Quézel; Biol. Gallo-Hellen. 5(1): 131 (1973)
Distribution: Greece (Mt. Vardousia)
13 GRC
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status uncertain, known only from a single collection
species :
Cephalaria goetzei
Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 418 (1901)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
species :
Cephalaria gokturkii
Semiz & Uysal; Turk. J. Bot. 48(3): 157 (2024)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria golestanica
Ranjbar & Z.Ranjbar; Phytotaxa 311(2): 108 (2017)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Cephalaria hakkiarica
Matthews; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 31: 326 (1972)
Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: microcephala agg.
species :
Cephalaria hirsuta
Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 55 (1885)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
34 IRN TUR
species :
Cephalaria humilis
(Thunb.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 50 (1818)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Lepicephalus humilis (Thunb.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Scabiosa humilis Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 28 (1794)
= Succisa humilis (Thunb.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 379 (1824)
species :
Cephalaria integerrima
(Bornm.) Ranjbar & Z.Ranjbar; Phytotaxa 311(2): 113 (2017)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria microcephala var. integerrima Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 28: 244 (1911)
species :
Cephalaria integrifolia
Napper; Kew Bull. 21: 463 (1968)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM
species :
Cephalaria isaurica
Matthews; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 31: 326 (1972)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: uralensis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria monocephala Sümbül; Karaca Arbor. Mag. 1: 10 (1991)
species :
Cephalaria joppensis
(Rchb.) Coult.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 648 (1830)
Distribution: Italy; Sicily; Turkey (NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel)
13 ITA SIC 34 ISR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria joppica (Spreng.) Bég.; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 144 (1903)
= Cephalaria joppica (Spreng.) Matthews; Fl. Turkey 4: 588 (1972)
= Scabiosa joppensis Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Exot. 1: 13, t. 17 (1824)
= Scabiosa transylvanica Sieber ex DC.; Avis Pl. 7 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Succisa joppica Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 378 (1824)
species :
Cephalaria juncea
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 72 (1846)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Cephalaria katangensis
Napper; Kew Bull. 21: 464 (1968)
Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Zambia
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria attenuata var. longifolia De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 4, 3: 164 (1903)
species :
Cephalaria kesruanica
Mouterde; Saussurea 4: 20 (1974)
Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon)
34 LEB
Remarks: status uncertain, near C. taurica
species :
Cephalaria kirsehirica
Hamzaoğlu & Göktürk; Phytotaxa 689(1): 119 (2025)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria kleinii
Ranjbar & Z.Ranjbar; Feddes Repert. 127(3-4): 75 (2017)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Cephalaria kofinasii
Kit Tan & Vold; Phytol. Balcan. 30(3): 370 (2024)
Distribution: Greece
13 GRC
species :
Cephalaria kurdistanica
Maroofi, Tabad & Rastegar; Phytotaxa 455(3): 223 (2020)
Distribution: Iran (Kurdistan)
34 IRN
species :
Cephalaria kutahyaensis
Yıld.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 26(2): 109 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria laevigata
(Waldst. & Kit.) Schrad.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) 1821: [2](1821)
Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; C- & SW-Romania; Bulgaria
13 BUL KOS ROM SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria centauroides Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 294 (1866)
= Cephalaria laevigata subf. puberula Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 496 (1930)
= Cephalaria laevigata f. puberula (Hayek) Diklić; Fl. Srbije 5: 546 (1973)
= Cerionanthus laevigatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Schott ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 49 (1818)
= Scabiosa laevigata Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 255 (1806)
= Succisa laevigata (Waldst. & Kit.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 379 (1824)
species :
Cephalaria leucantha
(L.) Schrad.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) (1814); ex Roem. & Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 47
Name: Weißer Schuppenkopf, Gelblicher Schuppenkopf (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; S-Portugal; S-Spain; Gibraltar; France; Monaco [I]; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Greece (rare N-, NE- & C-Greece, Attiki, Kerkyra); Morocco; Algeria
11 ger 12 COR FRA GIB mco POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS SLV SRB 20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria albescens (Willd.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 48 (1818)
= Cephalaria fragosoana Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 339 (1924)
= Cephalaria fragosoana var. angustisecta Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 339 (1924)
= Cephalaria leucantha var. albescens (Willd.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 649 (1830)
= Cephalaria leucantha var. angustiloba DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 649 (1830)
= Cephalaria leucantha var. effusa Esteve; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 23: 185 (1965)
= Cephalaria leucantha var. fragosoana (Pau) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 295 (1931)
= Cephalaria leucantha var. incisa DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 649 (1830)
= Cephalaria leucantha var. simplex Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 71 (1850)
= Cephalaria leucanthema Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 48 (1818)
= Cerionanthus leucanthus (L.) Schott ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 47 (1818)
= Lepicephalus leucanthus (L.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 7 (1816)
= Lepicephalus leucanthus (L.) Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 9, 10: 161 (1909), isonym
= Leucopsora leucantha (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 95 (1836)
= Pycnocomon albescens (Willd.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46, in nota (1822)
= Pycnocomon boeticum Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 738 (1845)
= Pycnocomon leucantha (L.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46 (1822)
= Scabiosa albescens Willd.; Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 144 (1809)
= Scabiosa heraclea Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 521 (1818)
= Scabiosa leucantha L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 98 (1753)
= Scabiosa leucanthema Hill; Veg. Syst. 5: 39 (1763)
= Scabiosa leucocephala Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 856 (Index) (1829)
= Scabiosa rigida Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 7 (1768), nom. illeg.
= Succisa albescens (Willd.) Paxton; Pocket Bot. Dict. 306 (1840)
= Succisa leucantha (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 489 (1794)
= Succisa leucanthema (Roem. & Schult.) Paxton; Pocket Bot. Dict. 306 (1840)
species :
Cephalaria linearifolia
Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 3, 10: 226 (1878)
Distribution: S- & SE-Spain
12 SPA
species :
Cephalaria litvinovii
Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 495 (1932)
Distribution: SC-European Russia; Northern Caucasus
14 RUS 33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Lepicephalus litvinovii Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 495 (1932), pro syn.
species :
Cephalaria lycica
Matthews; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 31: 327 (1972)
Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: microcephala agg.
species :
Cephalaria mauritanica
Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 66 (1874)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria
20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria atlantica Coss. & Durieu; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36: 25 (1889), nomen
= Cephalaria maroccana Coss.; Bull. Soc. Dauphin. Échange Pl. 10: 413, No. 3995 (1883), nomen, ex Batt. & Trab., Fl. de l´Alger. (Dicot.) 417 (1889)
= Cephalaria maroccana var. glabrescens Emb. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 230 (1936)
= Cephalaria maroccana var. mesatlantica Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 230 (1936)
= Cephalaria mauritanica subsp. atlantica (Batt.) Quézel & Santa; Nouv. Fl. Algér. 2(2): 890 (1963)
= Cephalaria mauritanica subsp. maroccana (Batt.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 215 (1933)
= Cephalaria mauritanica subsp. rifana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 214 (1933)
= Cephalaria mauritanica var. atlantica Coss. & Durieu ex Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 411 (1889)
= Cephalaria mauritanica var. maroccana (Coss. ex Batt. & Trab.) Dobignard; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 46-47: 84 (2009)
= Cephalaria mauritanica var. rifana (Maire) Dobignard; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 46-47: 84 (2009)
species :
Cephalaria media
Litv.; Spisok Rast. Gerb. Russk. Fl. Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 6: 155 (1908)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria uralensis var. cretacea Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 16: 215 (1900)
= Lepicephalus medius (Litv.) Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 15: 153 (1916)
species :
Cephalaria microcephala
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 2: 123 (1856)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq; Iran (EC-Iran, W-Iran, N-Iran); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, SW-Iran)
32 TKM 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Remarks: microcephala agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Lepicephalus armoraciifolius Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 504 (1932), pro syn.
species :
Cephalaria microdonta
Bobrov; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 28: 391 (1929)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
species :
Cephalaria nachiczevanica
Bobrov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 24: 457 (1957)
Distribution: Azerbaijan (Nachichevan)
33 AZE
species :
Cephalaria natalensis
Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 126 (1898)
Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
species :
Cephalaria oblongifolia
(Kuntze) Szabó; Magyar Bot. Lapok 24: 9 (1925 publ. 1926)
Distribution: South Africa (Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria attenuata var. oblongifolia Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 126 (1898)
species :
Cephalaria paphlagonica
Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 486 (1932)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: coriacea agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Lepicephalus paphlagonicus Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 486 (1932), pro syn.
species :
Cephalaria pastricensis
Dörfl. & Hayek; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 70: 19 (1921)
subspecies :
subsp. pastricensis
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania
13 ALB BIH KOS NMA SRB
Remarks: Greek records refer to C. fanourii fide Strid (2024)
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria alpina var. rupestris Pančić ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 346 (1879)
= Cephalaria procera Pančić ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 346 (1879), nom. inval., non Fisch. & Avé-Lall.
subspecies :
subsp. pologensis
Teof.; Acta Bot. Croat. 82(2): 97 (2023)
Distribution: North Macedonia
13 NMA
species :
Cephalaria peshmenii
Sümbül; Edinburgh J. Bot. 48(1): 31 (1991)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria petiolata
Compton; J. S. African Bot. 33: 298 (1967)
Distribution: Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SWZ
species :
Cephalaria procera
Fisch. & Avé-Lall.; Index Sem. [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 7: 46 (1841)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran)
33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria grossheimii Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 499 (1932)
= Cephalaria kotschyi Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 76 (1849)
= Cephalaria procera var. kotschyi (Boiss. & Hohen.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 122 (1875)
= Lepicephalus grossheimii Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 499 (1932), pro syn.
species :
Cephalaria pungens
Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 642 (1922)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
25 KEN TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF SWZ
species :
Cephalaria qeydarensis
Ranjbar & Z.Ranjbar; Phytotaxa 311(2): 121 (2017)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Cephalaria radiata
Griseb. & Schenk; Arch. Naturgesch. (Berlin) 18(1): 351 (1852)
Distribution: Romania
13 ROM
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria fussiana Heuff. ex Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 293 (1866)
= Cephalaria leucantha Baumg. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 346 (1879), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa fussiana Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 962 (Index) (1866)
= Succisa fussiana Heuff. ex Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 293 (1866)
= Succisa radiata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 293 (1866)
species :
Cephalaria retrosetosa
Engl. & Gilg; Kunene-Sambesi-Exped. [Warburg] 394 (1903)
Distribution: S-Ethiopia; S-Somalia; NE-Kenya
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN
species :
Cephalaria rigida
(L.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 44 (1818)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus rigida (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 94 (1838)
= Lepicephalus rigidus (L.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Lepicephalus rigidus (L.) Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 9, 10: 161 (1909), isonym
= Pycnocomon rigidum (L.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46 (1822)
= Scabiosa rigida L.; Pl. Rar. Afr. 8 (1760)
= Succisa rigida (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 379 (1824)
species :
Cephalaria saldaensis
Göktürk, Hamzaoğlu & Yüceol; Phytotaxa 587(2): 175 (2023)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria salicifolia
Post; Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat. 25: 59 (1889)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria scabra
(L.f.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 44 (1818)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Lepicephalus scabra (L.f.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Pycnocomon scabra (L.f.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46, in nota (1822)
= Scabiosa scabra L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 118 (1782)
= Succisa scabra (L.f.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 379 (1824)
species :
Cephalaria scoparia
Contandr. & Quézel; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 123: 430 (1976)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria setosa
Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2: 107 (1843)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran; Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Jordania (W-Jordania)
34 IRN IRQ JOR LEB SYR TUR
species :
Cephalaria sparsipilosa
Matthews; Fl. Turkey 4: 596 (1972)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)
34 IRN TUR
Remarks: microcephala agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria pilosa Boiss. & A.Huet; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 2: 122 (1856) (non Gren. & Godr. (1850))
species :
Cephalaria speciosa
Boiss. & Kotschy; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 121 (1875)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: stellipilis agg.
species :
Cephalaria squamiflora
(Sieber) Greuter; Candollea 22: 235 (1967)
subspecies :
subsp. squamiflora
Distribution: Greece (Sporades, Skiros, Sifnos, Amorgos); Crete (Lefka Ori); East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Karpathos, Ikaria, Chalki)
13 GRC KRI 34 EAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria mediterranea var. sieberi (Szabó) Szabó; Math. Term. Közlem. 28: 152 (1940)
= Cephalaria sieberi Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 643 (1922)
= Scabiosa squamiflora Sieber; Flora 1: 275 (1818)
subspecies :
subsp. balearica
(Coss.) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 14 (1973)
Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca)
12 BAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria balearica Coss. ex Willk.; Linnaea 40: 37 (1876)
= Cephalaria mediterranea subsp. balearica (Coss.) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 14 (1973)
= Cephalaria mediterranea var. balearica (Coss. ex Willk.) Szabó; Math. Term. Közlem. 38: 152 (1940)
= Cephalaria rigida var. balearica (Coss. ex Willk.) Knoche; Fl. Baléar. 2: 436 (1922)
= Cephalaria squamiflora var. balearica (Coss. ex Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 89 (1987 publ. 1988)
subspecies :
subsp. bigazzii
(Bacch., Brullo & Giusso) Domina; Willdenowia 45(3): 454 (2015)
Distribution: Sardinia
12 SAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria bigazzii Bacch., Brullo & Giusso; Edinburgh J. Bot. 65(1): 146 (2008)
subspecies :
subsp. ebusitana
(O.Bolòs & Vigo) Domina; Willdenowia 45(3): 454 (2015)
Distribution: Baleares (Ibiza)
12 BAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria ebusitana (O.Bolòs & Vigo) Bacch., Brullo & Giusso; Edinburgh J. Bot. 65(1): 151 (2008)
= Cephalaria squamiflora subsp. ebusitana (O.Bolòs & Vigo) Romo; Fl. Silvestres Baleares (1994), isonym
= Cephalaria squamiflora subsp. ebusitana (O.Bolòs & Vigo) O.Bolòs; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 59 Bot. 8: 145 (1991)
= Cephalaria squamiflora var. ebusitana O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 89 (1987 publ. 1988)
subspecies :
subsp. mediterranea
(Viv.) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 111(1-2): 53 (1977)
Distribution: ?Corsica; Sardinia
12 SAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria leucantha var. latifolia Moris; Fl. Sardoa 2: 326 (1843)
= Cephalaria leucantha var. mediterranea (Viv.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 346 (1879)
= Cephalaria mediterranea (Viv.) Szabó; Mat. Term. Közlem. 38: (Monogr. Gen. Cephalaria) 149 (1940)
= Cephalaria mediterranea var. latifolia (Moris) Szabó; Math. Term. Közlem. 38: 152 (1940)
= Scabiosa mediterranea Viv.; App. Fl. Cors. Prodr. 1 (1825)
species :
Cephalaria stapfii
Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 19(2): 268 (1906)
Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
34 IRN TUR
species :
Cephalaria stellipilis
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 70 (1849)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon)
34 LEB TUR
Remarks: stellipilis agg.
species :
Cephalaria sublanata
(Bornm.) Szabó; Math. Term. Közlem. 38: 232 (1940)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
32 TKM 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria microcephala var. sublanata Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 19(2): 269 (1906)
species :
Cephalaria suleyman-uysalii
A.Duran & Dündar; Phytotaxa 691(1): 22 (2025)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria sumbuliana
Göktürk; Turk. J. Bot. 36(4): 316 (2012)
Distribution: Turkey (Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria syriaca
(L.) Schrad.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) (1814)
Name: Syrischer Schuppenkopf (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; ?Italy [I]; ?Sicily [I]; ?Bulgaria [I]; European Turkey; +Greece [I]; Belarus [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Egypt (NE-Egypt, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, N-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., W-Iran, N-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Balkh, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Helmand, Kabul, Kandahar, Qunduz); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Kuwait; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Peshawar); NW-India (Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir); USA [I] (Delaware [I])
11 ger slo 12 fra spa 13 grc TUE 14 blr 20 alg EGY mor 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 KUW SAU 40 IND PAK 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus dichotomus (Lam.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Cephalaria boissieri Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 2: 122 (1856)
= Cephalaria papposa Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 52 (1818)
= Cephalaria syriaca subsp. emigrans Szabó; Math. Term. Közlem. 38: 182 (1940)
= Cephalaria syriaca subsp. phoeniciaca Bobrov; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 21(1): 314 (1929)
= Cephalaria syriaca subsp. turanica Bobrov
= Cephalaria syriaca var. boissieri (Reut.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 120 (1875)
= Cephalaria syriaca var. pedunculata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 648 (1830)
= Cephalaria syriaca var. sessilis Boiss. ex Post; Fl. Syria [Post] 400 (1896)
= Cephalaria vaillantii Schott ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 46 (1818)
= Cerionanthus syriacus (L.) Schott ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 46 (1818)
= Cerionanthus vaillantii Schott ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 46 (1818)
= Lepicephalus syriacus (L.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Lepicephalus syriacus var. turkestanicus Vved.; Byull. Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ. 15: 36 (1927)
= Pycnocomon syriacum (L.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46 (1822)
= Scabiosa angustifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 54 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Scabiosa dichotoma Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 249 (1792)
= Scabiosa sibirica Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 249 (1792)
= Scabiosa syriaca L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 98 (1753)
= Scabiosa vaillantii (Schott ex Roem. & Schult.) M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 99 (1820)
= Succisa dichotoma (Lam.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 94 (1838)
= Succisa lancifolia Moench; Methodus [Moench] 488 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Succisa syriaca (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 378 (1824)
species :
Cephalaria szaboi
Hayek; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 28: 167 (1914)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Cephalaria taurica
Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 642 (1922)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria amana Rech.f.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 57: 95 (1950)
species :
Cephalaria tchihatchewii
Boiss.; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 2: 220 (1860)
Distribution: Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iran (W-Iran); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)
33 ARM 34 IRN SYR TUR
species :
Cephalaria tenella
Paine; Palestine Explor. Soc. Third Statem. 108 (1875)
Distribution: Israel (N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)
34 ISR JOR
species :
Cephalaria tenuiloba
Strid; Willdenowia 11(2): 301 (1981)
Distribution: NC-Greece (Mt. Olimbos)
13 GRC
species :
Cephalaria torbatejamensis
Ranjbar & Z.Ranjbar; Phytotaxa 311(2): 132 (2017)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Cephalaria transcaucasica
(Bobrov) Galushko; Fl. Severn. Kavkaza Vopr. Ist. 3: 130 (1980)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus
33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria syriaca subsp. transcaucasica Bobrov; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 21: 315 (1928)
= Scabiosa transcaucasica (Bobrov) Galushko; (1980)
species :
Cephalaria transsylvanica
(L.) Schrad. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 45 (1818)
Name: Siebenbürger Schuppenkopf (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (N-, NE- & C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos, Kerkyra, Lefkada, Naxos); Estonia [I]; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
11 aut ger HUN SLO 12 FRA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 est KRY RUS UKR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria allionii A.Kern. ex Strobl; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 32: 130 (1882)
= Cephalaria sillingeri Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 255 (1930)
= Lepicephalus transsylvanicus (L.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816), comb. not made.
= Pycnocomon transsylvanicum (L.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46 (1822)
= Scabiosa gemonae D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 452 (1839)
= Scabiosa hacquetii Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 250 (1792)
= Scabiosa humilis Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 1: 195 (1827), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa leucantha var. minor Roth; Enum. Pl. Phan. Germ. 1(1): 418 (1827)
= Scabiosa transsylvanica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 98 (1753)
= Scabiosa trenta Hacq.; Pl. Alp. Carniol. 14, t. 4 (1782)
= Succisa pentaphylla Moench; Methodus [Moench] 488 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Succisa transsylvanica (L.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 196 (1831-1832)
= Succisa transsylvanica (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 378 (1824)
= Xetola transsylvanica (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 95 (1838)
= Xetola trenta (Hacq.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 95 (1836)
species :
Cephalaria tuteliana
Kuc & Göktürk; Nordic J. Bot. 23(4): 427 (2005)
Distribution: European Turkey
13 TUE
species :
Cephalaria uralensis
(Murray) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 50 (1818)
Distribution: Serbia; Romania; Bulgaria; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan
13 BUL ROM SRB 14 KRY RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 AZE NCS
Remarks: uralensis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus uralensis (Murray) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 94 (1838)
= Cephalaria centauroides (Lam.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 49 (1818)
= Cephalaria centauroides (Lam.) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 294 (1866)
= Cephalaria corniculata (Waldst. & Kit.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 49 (1818)
= Cephalaria corniculata var. puberula Adamović; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 409 (1892)
= Cephalaria cretacea Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 51 (1818)
= Cephalaria leucantha Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 449 (1842), nom. inval.
= Cephalaria uralensis subsp. multifida (Roman) N.Roman & Beldie; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Reipubl. Socialist. Romania) 13: 50 (1976)
= Cephalaria uralensis var. multifida Roman; Stud. Cercet. Biol. (Bucharest), Ser. Biol. Veg. 23(6): 478 (1971)
= Cephalaria uralensis var. puberula (Adamović) Diklić; Fl. Srbije 5: 547 (1973)
= Cerionanthus corniculatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Schott ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 49 (1818)
= Cerionanthus cretaceus Schott ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 51 (1818)
= Gonokeros hungaricus Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 96 (1838)
= Lepicephalus centaurioides (Lam.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 7 (1816)
= Lepicephalus corniculatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Lepicephalus leucanthemus Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 7 (1816)
= Lepicephalus uralensis (Murray) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Pycnocomon centauroides (Lam.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46, in nota (1822)
= Pycnocomon corniculatum (Waldst. & Kit.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46 (1822)
= Pycnocomon cretaceum (Roem. & Schult.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46 (1822)
= Pycnocomon uralensis (Murray) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 46 (1822)
= Scabiosa centauroides Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 250 (1792), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa corniculata Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 11 (1799)
= Scabiosa tatarica Hablitz; Descr. Phys. Taur. 154 (1788), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa transylvanica All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 138 (1785)
= Scabiosa uralensis Murray; Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 13, t. 4 (1782)
= Succisa ambrosioides Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 379 (1824)
= Succisa centauroides (Lam.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 379 (1824)
= Succisa corniculata (Waldst. & Kit.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 204 (1826)
= Succisa uralensis (Murray) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 378 (1824)
species :
Cephalaria velutina
Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 489 (1932)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Lepicephalus velutinus Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 489 (1932), pro syn.
species :
Cephalaria wilmsiana
Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 642 (1922)
Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal)
27 SAF
species :
Cephalaria zeyheriana
Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 641 (1922)
Distribution: Angola; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 ANG 27 LES SAF SWZ
