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065.0000 Family Cupressaceae Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 222 (1822), nom. cons.
ca. 30 genera, ca. 160 spp. Phylogeny see Yang et al. (2012)
Species listed in database: 146; hybrids: 11
= Actinostrobaceae Lotsy; Vortr. Bot. Stammesgesch. 3: 98 (1911)
= Arceuthidaceae A.V.Bobrov & Melikyan; Komarovia 4: 79 (2006)
= Athrotaxidoideae L.Chu Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(4): 339 (1992)
= Athrotaxidaceae Doweld; Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum xix (2001)
= Cryptomeriaceae Gorozh.; Lekts. Morf. Sist. Archegon. 88 (1904)
= Cunninghamiaceae Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 1, 3 (1842)
= Diselmaceae A.V.Bobrov & Melikyan; Komarovia 4: 96 (2006)
= Fitzroyaceae A.V.Bobrov & Melikyan; Komarovia 4: 80 (2006)
= Fitzroyaceae C.N.Page; Evol. Arbor. Gymnosperms 2: 41 (2024), nom. illeg.
= Juniperaceae J.Presl & C.Presl; Delic. Prag. 142 (1822)
= Libocedraceae Doweld; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 42 (2001)
= Limnopityaceae Hayata; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 25 (1932)
= Metasequoiaceae S.Miki ex Hu & W.C.Cheng; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 2, 1: 154 (1948)
= Microbiotaceae Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho 165: 13 (1938)
= Neocallitropsidaceae Doweld; Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum xx (2001)
= Pilgerodendraceae A.V.Bobrov & Melikyan; Komarovia 4: 87 (2006)
= Platycladaceae A.V.Bobrov & Melikyan; Komarovia 4: 97 (2006)
= Sequoiaceae K.Koch ex Luerss.; Grundz. Bot. [Luerssen] 265 (1877)
= Sequoiaceae (Saxton) C.N.Page; Evol. Arbor. Gymnosperms 2: 100 (2024), nom. illeg.
= Taiwaniaceae Hayata; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 26 (1932)
= Taxodiaceae Saporta; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 4: 44 (1865), nom. cons.
= Tetraclinaceae Hayata; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 27 (1932)
= Thujaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 502, 1149 (1835)
= Thujopsidaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 7: 325 (1907)
= Widdringtoniaceae Doweld; Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum xx (2001)
065.6004 Genus Chamaecyparis Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 11: 329 (1841)
Distribution: North America, E-Asia. The Old World species have sometimes been included in Cupressus. Systematics and species list taken from Farjon (2017)
Species listed in database: 5
species :
Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 15: 137 (1901)
Name: Formosan cypress
Distribution: C-Taiwan
38 TAI
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cupressus formosensis (Matsum.) A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 5: 1149 (1910)
= Cupressus formosensis (Matsum.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 12(2): 65 (2005)
= Retinispora formosensis (Matsum.) A.V.Bobrov & Melikyan; Komarovia (2006)
species :
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Murray) Parl.; Ann. Mus. Imp. Fis. Firenze, n. s. 1: 181 (1864 publ. 1865)
Name: Port Orford cedar (EN); Lawson-Scheinzypresse (DE)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Outer Hebrides [I], Shetland Isl. [I], Isle of Man [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Jersey [I], Guernsey [I]); Italy [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [c]; Romania [I]; European Turkey [I]; European Russia [I]; Azores [I] (Sao Miguel Isl. [I]); Uzbekistan [I]; China [I]; Taiwan [I]; India [I]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA (SW-Oregon, NW-California); Bolivia [c]
10 den grb ire nor 11 aut ger hun slo 12 cis fra por 13 cro ita kos rom slv SRB tue 14 rus 21 azo 32 uzb 36 chi 38 tai 40 ind 42 jaw 50 aus 51 nzl 73 USA 76 USA 83 bol
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaecyparis boursieri Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 125 (1867)
= Chamaecyparis boursieri var. alba-variegatis Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 76: 26 (1878)
= Chamaecyparis boursieri var. coerulea Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 114: 22 (1870)
= Chamaecyparis boursieri var. compacta Dallière; Ind. Bibl. Hort. Belg. 34 (1887)
= Chamaecyparis boursieri var. lutescens Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 70: ? (1873)
= Chamaecyparis boursieri var. pyramidalis-alba-nana Pynaert; Rev. Hort. Belge Étrangère 4: 281 (1878)
= Chamaecyparis lawsoniana var. argentea (Gordon) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 546 (1891)
= Chamaecyparis lawsoniana var. billwoodiana Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.; Handb. Conif. [Dallimore & Jackson], ed. 3: 233 (1948)
= Chamaecyparis lawsoniana var. nana-glauca Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. ed. 2: 452 (1884)
= Chamaecyparis lawsoniana var. pendula Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. ed. 2: 452 (1884)
= Cupressus attenuata Gordon; Pinetum 57 (1858)
= Cupressus fragrans Kellogg; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 103 (1856)
= Cupressus lawsoniana A.Murray bis; Edinburgh New Philos. J., Ser. 2, 1: 292, t. 9 (1855)
= Cupressus lawsoniana var. alba-spica Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 424 (1875)
= Cupressus lawsoniana var. alba-spica-nana Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 424 (1875)
= Cupressus lawsoniana var. erecta H.Jaeger; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. 200 (1865)
= Cupressus lawsoniana var. glauca H.Jaeger; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. 200 (1865)
= Cupressus lawsoniana var. gracilis J.Nelson; Pinaceae [Nelson] 188 (1866)
= Cupressus lawsoniana var. intertexta R.Sm.; Pl. Fir Tribe 15 (1874)
= Cupressus lawsoniana var. laxa Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 469 (1879)
= Cupressus lawsoniana var. minima-glauca R.Sm.; Pl. Fir Tribe 15 (1874)
= Cupressus lawsoniana var. pendula-alba Paul ex Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 89 (1875)
= Cupressus lawsoniana var. pendula-argentea Stelzner; Ind. Bibl. Hort. Belg. 33 (1887)
= Cupressus lawsoniana var. pyramidalis Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 469 (1879)
= Cupressus nutkanus Torr.; U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. Pacific N. Amer. 17(Bot. 2): t. 16 (1874)
= Cupressus silbae B.Huang bis; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(1): 10 (2008)
= Retinispora lawsoniana (A.Murray bis) A.V.Bobrov & Melikyan; Komarovia (2006)
species :
Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.; Syn. Conif. 63 (1847)
Distribution: Uzbekistan [I]; China [I]; South Korea [c]; Japan (Honshu, Kyushu); India [I]; Laos [I]; Java [I]
32 uzb 36 chi 38 JAP kor 40 ind 41 lao 42 jaw
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaecyparis acuta Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 92 (1891)
= Chamaecyparis breviramea Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 10: 489 (1866)
= Chamaecyparis keteleri Stand. ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 466 (1868)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. alba Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 66: 7 (1870)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. argentea Siebold; Ind. Bibl. Hort. Belg. 34 (1887)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. aurea-nana J.Verschaff.; Ind. Bibl. Hort. Belg. 34 (1887)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. breviramea (Maxim.) Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 494 (1881)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. crippsii Rehder; Möller´s Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 16: 300 (1901)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. elegans-variegata Gaujard; Nursery Cat. (N. Gaujard) 1873-1874: ? (1873)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. erecta Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. ed. 2: 453 (1884)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. ericoides Boehm. ex Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 12: 51 (1903)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. fastigiato-ovata Uyeki; J. Jap. Forest. Soc. 32: 274 (1950)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. gracilis Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [Bailey] 216 (1923)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. langissimopendula Makino; Makinoa 1: 16 (1946)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. nana Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 131 (1867)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. pendula (Maxim.) Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 494 (1881)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. plumosa-flavescens Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 114: ? (1870)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. similofacifera Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 28 (1928)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. takeuchii Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 57: 152, f. (1952)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. tetragona (R.Sm.) Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 42 (1923)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. tetragona-aurea G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard. 1: 304 (1884)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa var. tsatsumi (Anon.) Slavin; Conif. Cult. Rep. (R.H.S.) 98 (1932)
= Chamaecyparis pendula Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 10: 489 (1866)
= Chamaecyparis tsatsumi (Slavin) Slavin; Conif. Cult. Rep. (R.H.S.) 98 (1932), obs.
= Chamaepeuce obtusa Zucc. ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 93 (1862)
= Cupressus breviramis F.Muell.; Select. Pl. 64 (1871)
= Cupressus obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) F.Muell.; Rep. (Annual) Acclim. Soc. Victoria 1871: 31 (1871)
= Cupressus obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 12(2): 91 (2005)
= Cupressus obtusa subsp. breviramea (Maxim.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 12(2): 92 (2005)
= Cupressus obtusa subsp. gigantea Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 6 (2009)
= Cupressus obtusa subsp. yokohamaensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 12(2): 92 (2005)
= Cupressus obtusa var. gracilis Nash
= Cupressus obtusa var. pendula (Maxim.) Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31: 355 (1896)
= Cupressus pendens F.Muell.; Select. Pl. 64 (1871)
= Retinispora filicoides Hort.Syme; Gard. Chron., n. s. 5: 235, f. 40 (1876)
= Retinispora filifera Fowler; Gard. Chron. 1872: 1490 (1872), Stand. ex Gordon Pinetum, ed. 2: 364
= Retinispora fusinoki Zucc. ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 95 (1862)
= Retinispora gracilis Dallim.; Conif. Cult. Rep. (R.H.S.) 33 (1932), syn.
= Retinispora monstrosa Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 132 (1867)
= Retinispora obtusa Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 38, t. 121 (1844)
= Retinispora obtusa var. alba-spica R.Sm.; Pl. Fir Tribe 38 (1874)
= Retinispora obtusa var. argentea Fortune ex Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 368 (1875)
= Retinispora obtusa var. aurea Fortune ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 93 (1862)
= Retinispora obtusa var. breviramea (Maxim.) A.V.Bobrov & Melikyan; Komarovia (2006)
= Retinispora obtusa var. compacta Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 368 (1875)
= Retinispora obtusa var. gracilis-aurea R.Sm.; Pl. Fir Tribe 39 (1874)
= Retinispora obtusa var. keteleerii Standish ex Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 368 (1875)
= Retinispora obtusa var. magnifica R.Sm.; Pl. Fir Tribe 39 (1874)
= Retinispora obtusa var. nana-aurea R.Sm.; Pl. Fir Tribe 39 (1874)
= Retinispora obtusa var. pygmaea Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 94 (1862)
= Retinispora tetragona Baill. ex Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 429 (1862)
= Shishindenia ericoides (Boehm.) Makino ex Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 9: 101, japonice. (1940)
= Thuja obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 491 (1881)
= Thuja obtusa var. pendula (Maxim.) Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 494 (1881)
variant :
var. formosana (Hayata) Hayata; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 365 (1910)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaecyparis obtusa f. formosana Hayata; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 43: 194 (1908)
= Chamaecyparis obtusa subsp. formosana (Hayata) H.L.Li; Taiwania 1: 305 (1950)
= Chamaecyparis taiwanensis Masam. & Suzuki; Sylvia 4: 57 (1933)
= Cupressus obtusa subsp. formosana (Hayata) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 12(2): 93 (2005)
= Retinispora taiwanensis (Masam. & Suzuki) A.V.Bobrov & Melikyan; Komarovia (2006)
species :
Chamaecyparis pisifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Engl.; Syn. Conif. 64 (1847)
Name: Sawara cypress (EN), Sawara-Scheinzypresse (DE)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Northern Ireland [I]); Germany [c]; Slovakia [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [c]; European Russia [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; China [I]; South Korea [c]; Japan (Honshu, Kyushu); Taiwan [I]; Myanmar [I]; Java [I]
10 grb ire 11 ger slo 13 kos SRB 14 rus 32 uzb 36 chi 38 JAP kor tai 41 mya 42 jaw
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaecyparis pisifera var. filicoides Regel; Russ. Dendrol. ed. 2: 27 (1883)
= Chamaecyparis pisifera var. filifera (Veitch ex Sénécl.) Hartw. & Rümpler; Bäume Sträucher 661 (1875)
= Chamaecyparis pisifera var. filifera-pendula Nash; J. New York Bot. Gard. 18: 167 (1817)
= Chamaecyparis pisifera var. nana-variegata Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 114: 23 (1870)
= Chamaecyparis pisifera var. plumosa (Carrière) Ed.Otto; Neue Allg. Deutsche Garten- Blumenzeitung 24: 141 (1868)
= Chamaecyparis pisifera var. plumosa-aurea Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 114: 23 (1870)
= Chamaecyparis plumosa Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 87 (1891)
= Chamaecyparis plumosa var. argentea Sénécl.; Conifer. Monogr. 57 (1868)
= Chamaecyparis squarrosa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.; Syn. Conif. 65 (1847)
= Chamaecyparis squarrosa var. leptoclada Endl.; Syn. Conif. 65 (1847)
= Chamaecyparis squarrosa var. sulphurea G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard., Cent. Suppl. 222 (1900)
= Cupressus pisifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 12(2): 94 (2005)
= Cupressus pisifera K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 170 (1873)
= Cupressus pisifera var. plumosa (Carrière) Geerinck; Taxonomania 12: 13 (2004)
= Cupressus squarrosa (Siebold & Zucc.) Ravenscr.; List Pl. Fir Tribe [Lawson et al.] No. 10: 64 (1851), Lists Seeds, Pl., etc. 266 (1851)
= Cupressus squarrosa Laws. ex Gordon; Pinetum 296 (1858)
= Retinispora pisifera Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 39, t. 122 (1844)
= Retinispora pisifera var. aurea Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 94 (1862)
= Retinispora pisifera var. filiformis R.Sm.; Pl. Fir Tribe 39 (1874)
= Retinispora squarrosa Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 140, 141 (1867)
= Retinispora squarrosa Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 40, t. 123 (1844)
= Retinispora stricta Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 428 (1875)
= Retinospora lycopodioides Standish ex Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2, 366 (1875)
= Thuja pisifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 489 (1881)
= Thuja pisifera var. filifera (Veitch ex Sénécl.) Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 491 (1881)
species :
Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.; Prelim. Cat. New York 71 (1888)
Name: Atlantic white cedar
Distribution: Europe [I]; Slovakia [I]; China [I]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I]); USA (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia); Trinidad [I]
11 slo 36 chi 50 aus 75 USA 78 USA 81 trt
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaecyparis andelyensis Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 365 (1862)
= Chamaecyparis atrovirens Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 69 (1891)
= Chamaecyparis kewensis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 133 (1855)
= Chamaecyparis leptoclada Henkel & W.Hochst.; Nadelhölzer 257 (1907)
= Chamaecyparis nana Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 464 (1868)
= Chamaecyparis pseudosquarrosa Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 467 (1868)
= Chamaecyparis pumila Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 124 (1867)
= Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea (Spreng.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 11: 331 (1841)
= Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea var. andelyensis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 123 (1867)
= Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea var. aurea Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 70: 20 (1873)
= Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea var. glauca Endl.; Syn. Conif. 62 (1847)
= Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea var. pendula J.Nelson; Pinaceae [Nelson] 69 (1866)
= Chamaecyparis squarrosa Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 65 (1855)
= Chamaecyparis thyoides Sarg.; Gard. & Forest 2: 484 (1889)
= Chamaecyparis variegata Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 133 (1855)
= Cupressus ericoides (Knight) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 67 (1891)
= Cupressus leptoclada Lavallée; Icon. Sel. Arb. 282 (1877)
= Cupressus pseudosquarrosa Lavallée; Icon. Sel. Arb. 282 (1877)
= Cupressus thyoides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1003 (1753)
= Cupressus thyoides var. atrovirens Lavallée
= Cupressus thyoides var. variegata Hoopes; Book Evergr. 349 (1868)
= Retinispora andelyensis Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 52: 178 (1880)
= Retinispora leptoclada Zucc. ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 91 (1862)
= Retinispora pseudosquarrosa Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 140 (1867)
= Thuja sphaeroidalis Rich.; Comm. Bot. Conif. Cycad. 45, t. 8, f. 2 (1826)
= Thuja sphaeroidea Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 889 (1826)
= Thujopsis atrovirens Lavallée; Icon. Sel. Arb. 279 (1877)
= Widdringtonia ericoides Knight; Syn. Conif. 13 (1847)
variant :
var. henryae (H.L.Li) Little; Madroño 18: 165 (1966)
Distribution: USA (NW-Florida, S-Alabama, S-Georgia, Mississippi)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaecyparis thyoides subsp. henryae (H.L.Li) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 19 (1982)
= Chamaecyparis henryae H.L.Li; Morris Arbor. Bull. 13: 43 (1962)
= Cupressus thyoides subsp. henryae (H.L.Li) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 12(2): 99 (2005)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life