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179.0000 Family Papaveraceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 235 (1789), nom. cons.
43 genera, ca. 1000 spp. Revised classification: Peng et al. (2024)
Species listed in database: 1022; hybrids: 19
= Chelidoniaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 124 (1820)
= Eschscholziaceae Ser.; Fl. Jard. 2: 106 (1847)
= Fumariaceae Marquis; Esq. Règne Vég. 50 (1820), nom. cons.
= Hypecoaceae Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 875 (1880)
= Platystemonaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 862, 979 (1870)
179.3301 Genus Dicentra Bernh.; Linnaea 8: 457 (1833) nom. cons.
Distribution: E-Asia (1), North America (7)
Species listed in database: 8
= Bicucullaria Juss. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 202 (1841)
= Bikukulla Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 23 (1763)
= Capnorchis Borkh.; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(2): 46 (1797)
= Corniveum Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 175 (1914)
= Cucularia Raf.; Med. Repos. 2(5): 352 (1808)
= Diclytra Borkh.; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(2): 46 (1797)
= Dielytra Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 1: 556 (1826)
= Eucapnos Bernh.; Linnaea 8: 468 (1833)
= Hedycapnos Planch.; Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 8: 193 (1853)
= Perizomanthus Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 462 (1814)
species :
Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 118 (1842), Torr. Fl. N. York 1: 46 (1843)
Name: Squirrel corn (EN)
Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bicuculla canadensis (Goldie) Millsp.; Bull. West Virginia Agric. Exp. Sta. 2: 327 (1892)
= Bikukulla canadensis (Goldie) Druce; List Brit. Pl. 4 (1908)
= Capnorchis canadensis (Goldie) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 15 (1891)
= Corydalis canadensis Goldie; Edinburgh Philos. J. 6: 329 (1822)
= Diclytra canadensis (Goldie) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 126 (1824), nom. illeg. (non Borkh. 1797)
= Dielytra canadensis (Goldie) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 140 (1831)
species :
Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.; Linnaea 8: 468 (1833)
Name: Dutchman´s breeches (EN)
Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bicuculla cucullaria (L.) Millsp.; Bull. West Virginia Agric. Exp. Sta. 2: 327 (1892)
= Bicuculla occidentalis Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 160 (1902)
= Capnorchis cucullaria (L.) Planch.; Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 8: 193 (1852 publ. 1853)
= Capnorchis occidentalis (Rydb.) House; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 8: 62 (1922)
= Corydalis bracteosa (DC.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 162 (1826)
= Corydalis cucullaria (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 269 (1806)
= Corydalis cucullaria (L.) Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 462 (1814)
= Cucularia bulbosa Raf.; Med. Repos. 5: 352 (1808)
= Dicentra cucullaria f. purpuritincta Eames; Rhodora 33: 169 (1931)
= Dicentra cucullaria var. occidentalis (Rydb.) M.Peck; Man. Pl. Oregon 323 (1941)
= Dicentra occidentalis (Rydb.) Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 315 (1912)
= Diclytra bracteosa DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 109 (1821)
= Diclytra canadensis Borkh.; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(2): 46 (1797)
= Diclytra cucullaria (L.) DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 108 (1821)
= Diclytra cucullaria var. divaricata DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 108 (1821)
= Dielytra bracteosa (DC.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 140 (1831)
= Dielytra bracteosa (DC.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 162 (1826)
= Dielytra cucullaria (L.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 140 (1831)
= Fumaria bicalcarata Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 9 (1812)
= Fumaria cucullaria L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 699 (1753)
= Fumaria pallida Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 377 (1796) nom. illeg.
species :
Dicentra eximia (Ker Gawl.) Torr.; Fl. New York 1: 46 (1843)
Name: Turkey corn (EN), Zwerg-Herzblume (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; USA (Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia)
11 ger 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bicuculla eximia (Ker Gawl.) Millsp.; Bull. West Virginia Agric. Exp. Sta. 2: 327 (1892)
= Bikukulla eximia (Ker Gawl.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 6: 14 (1920) (1921)
= Capnorchis eximia (Ker Gawl.) Planch.; Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 8: 193 (1852 publ. 1853)
= Corydalis eximia (Ker Gawl.) Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 218 (1822)
= Diclytra eximia (Ker Gawl.) DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 109 (1821)
= Dielytra eximia (Ker Gawl.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 140 (1831)
= Dielytra eximia (Ker Gawl.) Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 1: 35 (1829) (nomen, non planta)
= Eucapnos eximius (Ker Gawl.) Bernh.; Linnaea 8: 468 (1833)
= Fumaria eximia Ker Gawl.; Bot. Reg. 1: t. 50 (1815)
species :
Dicentra formosa (Andrews) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 118 (1842)
subspecies :
subsp. formosa
Name: Pacific bleeding heart (EN), Pazifische Herzblume (DE)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Isle of Man [I]); Ireland [I] (Northern Ireland [I]); Germany [I]; Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Massachusetts, Oregon, Washington State)
10 grb ire 11 ger 71 CDN 73 USA 75 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bicuculla formosa (Andrews) Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer. [Howell] 33 (1897)
= Bikukulla formosa (Andrews) Coville; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 4: 60 (1893)
= Capnorchis formosa (Andrews) Planch.; Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 8: 193 (1852 publ. 1853)
= Corydalis biaurita Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 2: 668 (1815)
= Corydalis formosa (Andrews) Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 462 (1814)
= Corydalis formosa (Andrews) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 162 (1826), isonym
= Dicentra formosa var. breviflora L.F.Hend.; Rhodora 33: 204 (1931)
= Dicentra saccata (Nutt.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 118 (1842)
= Diclytra formosa (Andrews) DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 109 (1821)
= Dielytra formosa (Andrews) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 140 (1831)
= Dielytra saccata Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 1: 67 (1840)
= Eucapnos formosus (Andrews) Bernh.; Linnaea 8: 468 (1833)
= Fumaria biaurita Vahl ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 650 (1841)
= Fumaria formosa Andrews; Bot. Repos., t. 393 (1800)
subspecies :
subsp. oregana (Eastw.) Munz; Aliso 4: 91 (1958)
Name: Oregon bleeding heart
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Dicentra formosa f. oregana (Eastw.) Melle; Torreya 41: 192 (1941)
= Dicentra oregana Eastw.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 20: 144 (1931)
species :
Dicentra nevadensis Eastw.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 20: 143 (1931)
Name: Sierra bleeding heart (EN)
Distribution: USA (California: Tulare Co.)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Dicentra formosa subsp. nevadensis (Eastw.) Munz; Aliso 4: 91 (1958)
species :
Dicentra pauciflora S.Watson; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 429 (1880)
Name: Shorthorn steer´s-head (EN)
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bicuculla pauciflora (S.Watson) Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer. [Howell] 1: 34 (1897)
= Bikukulla pauciflora (S.Watson) Coville; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 4: 60 (1893)
= Capnorchis pauciflora (S.Watson) Greene; Fl. Francisc. (1891) p. 279
= Diclytra pauciflora (S.Watson) Greene; Pittonia 1: 187 (1888)
species :
Dicentra peregrina (Rudolph) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: 162 (1908)
Distribution: Siberia (Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
30 SIB 31 RFE 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Capnorchis peregrina (Rudolph) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 15 (1891)
= Capnorchis pusilla (Siebold & Zucc.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 15 (1891)
= Corydalis lachenaliiflora Fisch. ex DC.in syn.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 111 (1821)
= Corydalis tenuifolia Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 462 (1814)
= Dicentra lachenaliiflora (DC.) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1(1): 97 (1841)
= Dicentra peregrina var. pusilla (Siebold & Zucc.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22(262): 162 (1908)
= Dicentra pusilla Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): 172 (1845)
= Dicentra tenuifolia (Pursh) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1(1): 97 (1841)
= Diclytra lachenaliiflora DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 111 (1821)
= Diclytra tenuifolia (Pursh) DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 110 (1821)
= Dielytra lachenaliiflora Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 1: 556 (1826)
= Dielytra tenuifolia (Pursh) Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 1: 558 (1826)
= Fumaria peregrina Rudolph; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 1: 379 (1806)
= Fumaria tenuifolia (Pursh) Ledeb.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 5: 550 (1812) (non Roth 1800)
species :
Dicentra uniflora Kellogg; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4: 141 (1871)
Name: Longhorn steer´s-head (EN)
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bicuculla uniflora (Kellogg) Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer. [Howell] 1: 34 (1897)
= Capnorchis uniflora (Kellogg) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 15 (1891)
= Corniveum uniflorum (Kellogg) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 175 (1914)
= Diclytra uniflora (Kellogg) Greene; Pittonia 1: 187 (1888)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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