059.0000
Family
Ephedraceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl.: 11 (1829), nom. cons.
1 genus, 60-70 spp.
Species listed in database: 66; hybrids: 3
= Ephedroideae Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 2: 322 (1833)
= Ephedroideae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch.: 236 (1833) (Ephedreae)
059.0001
Genus
Ephedra L.; Sp. Pl.: 1040 (1753)
Distribution: northern arid regions, South America
Species listed in database: 66; hybrids: 3
= Chaetocladus J.Nelson; Pinaceae, 161 (1866)
species :
Ephedra alata
Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 2, 2: 239 (1834)
subspecies :
subsp. alata
Distribution: Algeria; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, SE-Egypt); Mali; Chad; Iraq (S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (Rift Valley, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, Rub al Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Yemen (W-Yemen)
20 ALG EGY LBY 22 MLI 24 CHA 34 IRQ ISR LEB SIN SYR 35 KUW SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra alata var. decaisnei Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): t. 1/1 (1889)
= Ephedra alata subsp. decaisnei (Stapf) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 1: 36 (nom. inval.)
= Ephedra altissima Bové; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. II. 1: 162 (1834), nom. illeg., non Desf.
subspecies :
subsp. alenda
(Stapf) Trab.; Batt. & Trab.
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt; Mauritania
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 22 MTN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra alata var. alenda Stapf; Denkschr Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 38 (1889)
= Ephedra alenda (Stapf) Andr.; Bot. Jahrh. Syst. 64: 262 (1931)
subspecies :
subsp. monjauzeana
Dubuis & Faurel; Bull. Soc. Hist Nat. Afrique N. 48: 475 (1957)
Distribution: Algeria
20 ALG
species :
Ephedra altissima
Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 372 (1799)
Name: High-climbing jointfir
Distribution: Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Mauritania; N-Chad (Tibesti); USA [I] (California [I])
20 ALG LBY MOR TUN WSA 22 MTN 24 CHA 76 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Chaetocladus altissima (Desf.) J.Nelson; Pinaceae: 162 (1866)
= Ephedra altissima var. algerica Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 47 (1889)
= Ephedra altissima var. mauritanica Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 47 (1889)
= Ephedra altissima var. nana Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 669 (1878)
= Ephedra altissima var. scabra Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 221 (1932)
= Ephedra altissima var. tripolitana Pamp.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1914: 11 (1914)
= Ephedra altissima var. tibestica Maire; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Inst. France 62: 4 (1935)
species :
Ephedra americana
Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. 4: 860 (1806)
Name: Pingo-pingo (Chile)
Distribution: Venezuela [I]; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Potosí, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, San Luis, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo)
82 ven 83 BOL ECU PER 85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra americana var. humboldtii Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Math-Naturw. Kl. 56: 85 (1889) (pro parte)
= Ephedra breana Phil.; Anal. Univ. Chil. 91: 519 (1895)
= Ephedra haenkeana Tocl; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 38: 2 (1902)
= Ephedra peruviana Bertero ex Carrière; Conif. ed. I. 549 (1855)
= Ephedra wraithiana I.M.Johnst.; Contr. Gray Herb. n. s. 85: 164 (1929)
species :
Ephedra antisyphilitica
Berland. ex C.A.Mey.; Monogr. Ephedr. 101 (1846)
Name: Clapweed
Distribution: USA (Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
74 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra antisyphilitica var. brachycarpa Cory; Rhodora 40: 218 (1938)
= Ephedra occidentalis Torr. ex Parl.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 16(1): 354 (1869)
= Ephedra texana E.L.Reed; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 62: 43 (1935)
species :
Ephedra aphylla
Forssk.; Fl. Aeg.-Arab. 170 (1775)
Distribution: Libya; Egypt (Eastern Desert, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Iraq (NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (E-Jordania, S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, Rub al Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert); Yemen (W-Yemen)
20 EGY LBY 34 IRQ ISR JOR SIN SYR 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra alta C.A.Mey.; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 7(2): 265 (1846)
= Ephedra altissima Delile; Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat.: 110 (1813), nom. illeg.
species :
Ephedra aspera
Engelm. ex S.Watson; Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 157 (1882 publ. 1883)
Name: Boundary ephedra, Rough jointfir
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra clokeyi H.C.Cutler; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 26: 402 (1939)
= Ephedra fasciculata A.Nelson; Am. J. Bot. 21: 573 (1934)
= Ephedra fasciculata var. clokeyi (H.C.Cutler) Clokey; Madroño 8: 56 (1945)
= Ephedra fasciculata var. fasciculata A.Nelson
= Ephedra nevadensis var. aspera (Engelm. ex S.Watson) L.D.Benson; Amer. J. Bot. 30: 232 (1943)
= Ephedra peninsularis I.M.Johnst.; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 437 (1922)
= Ephedra reedii Cory; Rhodora 40: 216 (1938)
species :
Ephedra aurantiaca
Takht. & Pachom.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Uzbekistan 18: 53 (1967)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); ?Turkey; ?Iran
32 TKM 33 ARM AZE
species :
Ephedra aurea
Brullo, C.Brullo, Cambria, Ilardi, Siracusa & Giusso; Phytotaxa 530(1): 9 (2022)
Distribution: Sicily
13 SIC
species :
Ephedra boelckei
Roíg; Parodiana 3(1): 11 (1984)
Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza, San Juan)
85 ARG
species :
Ephedra botschantzevii
Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 1: 33. 199 (1968)
Distribution: Siberia (Tuva); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
30 SIB 32 KAZ TKM UZB
species :
Ephedra brevifoliata
Ghahrem.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Nation Belg. 44: 23, f. 2 (1974)
Distribution: Iran (E-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Ephedra californica
S.Watson; Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 300 (1879)
Name: California jointfir
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Sonora)
76 USA 79 MEX
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Ephedra chengiae
Y.Yang & D.K.Ferguson; Taiwania 66(1): 57 (2021)
Distribution: Tibet
36 TIB
variant :
var. spinosa
Y.Yang & D.K.Ferguson; Taiwania 66(1): 59 (2021)
Distribution: Tibet
36 TIB
species :
Ephedra chilensis
C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 431 (1845)
Name: Pingo-pingo, solupe, sulupe, transmontana (Chile)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro); Argentina (Chubut, La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, San Juan, Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía)
83 BOL ECU PER 85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra americana var. andina (Poepp.) Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss Math-Naturw. Kl. 56: 86 (1889)
= Ephedra americana var. rupestris (Benth.) Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Math-Naturw. Kl. 56: 86 (1889)
= Ephedra andina f. abbreviata Stapf ex Skottsb.; Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., n. s. 56(5): 170 (1916)
= Ephedra andina Poepp. & Endl.; Syn. Conif. 255 (1847)
= Ephedra andina Poepp. ex C.A.Mey.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat., VI 5: 78 (1846)
= Ephedra andina var. humilis (Wedd.) Parl.; DC. Prodr. 16(2): 353 (1868)
= Ephedra araucana Phil.; Anal. Univ. Chil. 91: 520 (1895)
= Ephedra bracteata Miers; Trav. Chile 2: 531 (1863)
= Ephedra chilensis Miers; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. III. 11: 252 (1863) (non C. Presl 1845)
= Ephedra dumosa Miers; Contrib. Bot. 2: 168, t. 77 A. (1863)
= Ephedra frustillata Miers; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. III. 11: 262 (1863)
= Ephedra humilis Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III. 13: 251 (1849)
= Ephedra monticola Miers; Contrib. Bot. 2: 166, t. 76 A (1863)
= Ephedra nana Dusén; Ergebn. Schwed. Exp. Magell. 3: 5: 235 (1900)
= Ephedra patagonica Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 91: 518 (1895)
= Ephedra patagonica Phil. ex Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wien, Math.-Nat. 56: 92 (1889)
= Ephedra rupestris Benth.; Pl. Hartw. 253 (1846)
species :
Ephedra ciliata
Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Mem. Acad. Sci. Petersb. ser. 6, 7 2: 290 (1845)
Distribution: Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Libya; Egypt (SE-Egypt); Mauritania; Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Soqotra; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Faryab, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Paktia / Khost); Israel (Rift Valley, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, Rub al Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (SW-Yemen); NW-India (deserts, Indian Punjab)
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR WSA 22 MTN 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOC SOM SUD 32 KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR SIN 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra aitchisonii (Stapf) V.V.Nikitin; Fl. Tadjikist. 1: 67, 503 (1957) (p. p., quoad pl. ex Asia Media)
= Ephedra alte Brandis; Forest Fl. N. W. India: 501 (1874)
= Ephedra alte C.A.Mey.; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg 5: 75 (1846)
= Ephedra asparagoides Griff.; Itin. Pl. Khasyah Mts.: 340 (1848)
= Ephedra ciliata var. polylepis (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Riedl,; Fl. Iran., Ephedrac.: 3 (1963)
= Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A.Mey.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 7(2): 297 (1846)
= Ephedra foliata var. aitchisonii Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 50 (1889)
= Ephedra foliata var. ciliata (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 49 (1889)
= Ephedra foliata var. polylepis (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 50 (1889)
= Ephedra kokanica Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada, prepr. 6: 479 (1879)
= Ephedra peduncularis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 717 (1884)
= Ephedra polylepis Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 716 (1884)
= Ephedra rollandii Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 269 (1936)
species :
Ephedra compacta
Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 261 (1909)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
species :
Ephedra coryi
E.L.Reed; Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 63: 351 (1936)
Name: Cory´s jointfir
Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Texas)
77 USA
species :
Ephedra cutleri
Peebles; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 30: 473 (1940)
Name: Cutler´s jointfir
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra coryi var. viscida H.C.Cutler; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 26: 413 (1939)
= Ephedra viridis var. viscida (H.C.Cutler) L.D.Benson; Amer. J. Bot. 30: 233 (1943)
species :
Ephedra dawuensis
Y.Yang; Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 46: 363 (2005)
Distribution: SC-China
36 CHI
species :
Ephedra distachya
L.; Sp. Pl.: 1040 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. distachya
Name: Meerträubel
Distribution: Switzerland; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (rare coastal in mainland); European Russia (E-European Russia, S-European Russia); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Primorye); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia); China (Xinjiang); USA [I] (California [I])
11 HUN SLO SWI 12 COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ TKM UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR 36 CHI 76 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Chaetocladus distachys (L.) J.Nelson; Pinaceae: 162 (1866)
= Ephedra arborea Lag. ex Bertol.; Fl. Ital. 10: 393 (1857)
= Ephedra botryoides Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 5: 46 (1845)
= Ephedra clusii Dufour; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 445 (1860 publ. 1861)
= Ephedra distachya subsp. monostachya (L.) Riedl; Sci. Pharm. 35: 228 (1967)
= Ephedra distachya var. caspia (Fomin) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza 2(1): 71 (1939)
= Ephedra distachya var. media (C.A.Mey.) Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 35 (1889)
= Ephedra dubia Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada, prepr. 6: 482 (1879)
= Ephedra equisetiformis subsp. distachya (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 374 (1894)
= Ephedra linnaei Stapf ex Koehne; Deut. Dendrol.: 58 (1893)
= Ephedra macrocephala Bertol.; Misc. Bot. 23: 17 (1862)
= Ephedra maritima St.-Lag.; Cat. Fl. Bass. Rhone (1873)
= Ephedra media C.A.Mey.; Monogr. Ephedra: 80 (1846)
= Ephedra minor Host; Fl. Austriac. 2: 671 (1831)
= Ephedra monostachya L.; Sp. Pl.: 1040 (1753)
= Ephedra podostylax Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 715 (1884)
= Ephedra polygonoides Pall.; Fl. Ross. 2: 87 (1815), nom. illeg.
= Ephedra subtristachya C.A.Mey.; Monogr. Ephedra: 80 (1846)
= Ephedra vulgaris Rich.; Comment. Bot Conif. Cycad.: 26 (1826) (nom. illeg.)
= Ephedra vulgaris var. arborea (Lag. ex Bertol.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 677 (1882)
= Ephedra vulgaris var. media C.A.Mey.; Vers. Monogr. Ephedra: 83 (1846)
= Ephedra vulgaris var. minor (Host) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 677 (1882)
= Ephedra vulgaris var. monostachya (L.) C.A.Mey.; Vers. Monogr. Ephedra: 84 (1846)
= Ephedra vulgaris var. submonostachya C.A.Mey.; Vers. Monogr. Ephedra: 84 (1846)
= Ephedra vulgaris var. subtristachya C.A.Mey.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 7(2): 270 (1846)
subspecies :
subsp. helvetica
(C.A.Mey.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 1: 260 (1897)
Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; France; Italy; Slovenia
11 AUT SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra helvetica C.A.Mey.; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math., Sec. Pt. Sci. Nat. 7(2): 277 (1846)
= Ephedra helvetica f. gracilis G.Negri
= Ephedra negrii Nouviant; Collect. Partim. Nat. 8: xiii (1993), nom. nov.
= Ephedra rigida St.-Lag.; Cat. Fl. Bass. Rhone: 687 (1882)
= Ephedra vulgaris subsp. helvetica (C.A.Mey.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 677 (1882)
species :
Ephedra equisetina
Bunge; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math. 7: 501 (1851)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Primorye); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Turkey; Afghanistan (Badghys, Herat); China (Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang); Mongolia
30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 NCS 34 AFG TUR 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra equisetina var. monoica Y.Yang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 385 (2000)
= Ephedra nebrodensis subsp. equisetina (Bunge) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 13: 278 (1984)
= Ephedra shennungiana Tang; J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 17: 339-44, fig. 1, 2 (1928), Gilg & Schurhoff in Archiv Pharm. u. Berichte Deutsch. Pharm. Ges., 237 (1930)
species :
Ephedra fedtschenkoae
Paulsen; Bot. Tidsskr. 26: 254 (1905)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Tuva); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI 37 MON
species :
Ephedra foeminea
Forssk.; Fl. Aeg.-Arab. 219 (1775)
Name: Stinkendes Meerträubel (DE), Leafless Ephedra (EN)
Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. Kiklades, Samothraki, Limnos); Crete; Libya; Ethiopia; Somalia; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Ikaria, Dodecanese, Kos, Simi, Rhodos, Karpathos, Kasos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (Central Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen)
13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS KRI MNT NMA SRB TUE 20 LBY 24 ETH SOM 34 CYP EAI ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU YEM
Remarks: fragilis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra campylopoda C.A.Mey.; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 7(2): 263 (1846)
= Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Mey.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 8. (1890)
= Ephedra fragilis var. campylopoda (C.A.Mey.) Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 56 (1889)
= Ephedra macedonica Kosanin; Glasn. Srpske Kral Akad. 119: 21 (1926)
species :
Ephedra fragilis
Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 372 (1799)
subspecies :
subsp. fragilis
Name: Zerbrechliches Meerträubel (DE), Tepopote fragil (ES), Fragile ephedra (EN)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Mauritania
12 BAL GIB POR SPA 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY MDR 22 MTN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra altissima Buch; Beschr. Phys. CI. 159, 168 (1835)
= Ephedra dissoluta Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Canaries 3(2, 3): 275 (1850)
= Ephedra fragilis f. disperma A.M.Hern.; Blancoana 13: 8 (1996)
= Ephedra fragilis subsp. desfontainii Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 1: 258 (1897) (nom. inval.), et Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. ed. 2, 1: 398 (1913)
= Ephedra fragilis var. dissoluta (Webb & Berthel.) Trab.; Fl. Algèrie-Tunisie [Battandier & Trab.]: 399 "1902" (1905)
= Ephedra fragilis var. gibraltarica (Boiss.) Trab.; Fl. Algèrie-Tunisie [Battandier & Trab.]: 399 "1902" (1905)
= Ephedra fragilis var. wettsteinii (Buxb.) Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 311 (1939)
= Ephedra gibraltarica Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 714 (1884)
= Ephedra wettsteinii Buxb.; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 76: 36 (1926 publ. 1927)
subspecies :
subsp. cossonii
(Stapf) Maire; Jahand. & Maire, Cat Pl. Maroc: 16 (1931)
Distribution: Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria
20 ALG MOR WSA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra fragilis subvar. cossonii Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 54 (1889)
= Ephedra fragilis var. cossonii (Stapf) Trab.; Fl. Algèrie-Tunisie [Battandier & Trab.]: 399 "1902" (1905)
species :
Ephedra funerea
Coville & C.V.Morton; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25: 307 (1935)
Name: Death Valley ephedra, Death Valley jointfir
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada)
76 USA
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra californica var. funerea (Coville & C.V.Morton) L.D.Benson; Amer. J. Bot. 30: 231 (1943)
species :
Ephedra gerardiana
Wall.; [Numer. List: 207, n. 6048 (1832), nom. nud.] ex Stapf, Akad. Wiss. Wien. Math. Naturwiss. Kl. Denkschr. 56(2): 75, t. 3, f. 18 (1889)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Tuva); Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Ghazni, Kunar / Nuristan); China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai, Xinjiang); Tibet; Pakistan; W-Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, etc.)
30 SIB 32 TZK 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra gerardiana var. congesta C.Y.Cheng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 87-88, t. 59, f. 9-13 (1975)
= Ephedra gerardiana var. wallichii Stapf; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Kl. Denkschr. 56(2): 75 (1889)
species :
Ephedra gracilis
Phil. ex Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 87 (1889)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra gracilis Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 91: 518 (1895)
species :
Ephedra holoptera
Riedl; Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 13 4: 8 (1963)
Distribution: Iran (E-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Ephedra intermedia
Schrenk & C.A.Mey.; C. A. Mey., Versuch & Monogr. genera Ephedra: 88 (1846)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; ?Azerbaijan; Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Wakhan, Balkh, Bamyan, Ghazni, Herat, Kabul, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Oman (Mascat & Oman); China (Gansu, Hebei, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia; Pakistan; Nepal; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh)
30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 35 OMA SAU 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra ferganensis V.A.Nikitin; Fl. Tadzhikskoi SSR 1: 504 (1957)
= Ephedra glauca Regel; Act. Hort. Petrop. 6: 484 (1879)
= Ephedra heterosperma V.A.Nikitin; Fl. Tadzhikskoi SSR 1: 503 (1957)
= Ephedra intermedia var. glauca (Regel) Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 63 (1889)
= Ephedra intermedia var. persica Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 63 (1889)
= Ephedra intermedia var. schrenkii Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 62 (1889)
= Ephedra intermedia var. tibetica Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 63 (1889)
= Ephedra microsperma V.V.Nikitin; Fl. Tadjikist. 1: 503 (1957)
= Ephedra pangiensis Rita Singh & P.Sharma; Phytotaxa 218: 189 (2015)
= Ephedra persica (Stapf) V.A.Nikitin; Fl. Tadzhikskoi SSR 1: 504 (1957)
= Ephedra tesquorum V.V.Nikitin; Fl. Tadjikist. 1: 503 (1957)
= Ephedra tibetica (Stapf) V.V.Nikitin; Fl. Tadjikist. 1: 70, 503 (1957) (p. p., quoad plantas)
= Ephedra valida V.V.Nikitin; Fl. Tadjikist. 1: 504 (1957)
= Ephedra vulgaris var. submonostachys Boiss. & Buhse; Aufz. Transk. Pers. Pfl. Wien: 204 (1860)
species :
Ephedra kardangensis
P.Sharma & P.L.Uniyal; Syst. Bot. 35(4): 730 (2010)
Distribution: N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
species :
Ephedra khurikensis
P.Sharma & P.L.Uniyal; Syst. Bot. 35(4): 731 (2010)
Distribution: N-India (Himachal Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Ephedra laristanica
Assadi; Iranian J. Bot. 7(1): 2 (1996)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Ephedra likiangensis
Florin; Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 12(1): 33, pl. 3, f. 3 (1933)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, W-Sichuan, W-Guizhou); E-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
species :
Ephedra lomatolepis
Schrenk; Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Petersb. 3: 210 (1844)
Distribution: Siberia (Tuva); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; China (Xinjiang); SW-Mongolia
30 SIB 32 KAZ TKM 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra stenosperma Schrenk & C.A.Mey.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 7(2): 267 (1846)
species :
Ephedra major
Host; Fl. Austriac. 2: 71 (1831)
subspecies :
subsp. major
Name: Großes Meerträubel
Distribution: Spain; France; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos)
12 FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA SIC SMA SRB TUE 20 ALG MOR TUN 34 EAI
Remarks: The name E. major possibly applies to E. foeminea, in which case E. nebrodensis would be the valid name for this species.
Synonyms: hidden
= Chaetocladus monostachys J.Nelson; Pinaceae: 162 (1866)
= Ephedra atlantica Andr.; Bot. Jahrh. Syst. 64: 265 (1931)
= Ephedra equisetiformis subsp. nebrodensis (Tineo ex Guss.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 374 (1894)
= Ephedra equisetiformis Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 2(3): 275 (1847)
= Ephedra graeca C.A.Mey.; Mem. Acad. Imp Sci. Saint-Petersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pl. Sci. Nat. 7(2): 283 (1846)
= Ephedra major subsp. villarsii (Gren. & Godr.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 19 (1934)
= Ephedra major var. atlantica (Andr.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 921 (1941)
= Ephedra major var. nebrodensis (Tineo ex Guss.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 44 (1924)
= Ephedra major var. nebrodensis (Tineo) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 921 (1941), isonym
= Ephedra major var. suggarica Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 207 (1929)
= Ephedra nebrodensis subsp. suggarica (Maire) Breistr. ex Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 13: 278 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Ephedra nebrodensis Tineo; G. Gussone, Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 638 (1844)
= Ephedra nebrodensis var. scoparia (Lange) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 677 (1882)
= Ephedra scoparia Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjöbenhavn 1861: 33 (1861)
= Ephedra villarsii Godr. & Gren.; Gren. & Godr., Fl France 3: 161 (1855)
= Ephedra vulgaris Willk.; Flora 35: 319 (1852)
subspecies :
subsp. procera
(C.A.Mey.) Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 62(140): 185 (1928)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghorat, Wardak); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Pakistan; NW-India
32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP IRN TUR 40 IND PAK
Remarks: often treated as full species E. procera
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra major var. procera (C.A.Mey.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 45 (1924)
= Ephedra nebrodensis subsp. procera (C.A.Mey.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 8. (1890)
= Ephedra nebrodensis var. procera (C.A.Mey.) Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 80 (1889)
= Ephedra procera C.A.Mey.; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 10: 45 (1845)
= Ephedra procera var. chrysocarpa C.A.Mey.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 7(2): 282 (1846)
= Ephedra procera var. erythrocarpa C.A.Mey.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 7(2): 282 (1846)
species :
Ephedra milleri
Freitag & Maier-St.; Edinb. J. Bot. 49: 89, ff. 1-2 (1992)
Distribution: Oman (Dhofar); ?S-Yemen
35 OMA
species :
Ephedra minuta
Florin; Acta Horti Gothob. 3(1): 8-9, pl. 4: 5-8 (1927)
Distribution: Tajikistan; China (Qinghai, Sichuan)
32 TZK 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra minuta var. dioeca C.Y.Cheng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 88 (1975)
species :
Ephedra monosperma
C.A.Mey.; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg Divers Savans 5: 279 (1846)
Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Primorye); ?Kazakhstan; China (Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia
30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra minima K.S.Hao; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36(947-950): 197 (1934)
= Ephedra monostachya Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(1): 422 (1854)
= Ephedra polygonoides Siev.; Neueste Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Völkerbeschreib. 7: 174 (1796)
species :
Ephedra multiflora
Phil. ex Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien. (1887) 43, et in Anal. Mus. nac. Chile. 77 (1891)
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquen, Salta, San Juan); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Antofagasta, Atacama)
85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra multiflora Phil.; Verz. Antofagasta Pfl. 77 (1891)
species :
Ephedra nevadensis
S.Watson; Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 298 (1879)
Name: Nevada ephedra, Nevada jointfir
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, Oregon, Utah); Mexico (Durango, Baja California Norte, Sonora)
73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra antisiphylitica S.Watson; Botany [Fortieth Parallel]: 328 (1871)
= Ephedra antisyphilitica var. pedunculata S.Watson; Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 5: 329 (1871)
= Ephedra nevadensis f. rosea H.C.Cutler; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 26: 407 (1939)
= Ephedra nevadensis subvar. paucibracteata Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 83 (1889)
species :
Ephedra ochreata
Miers; Contrib. Bot. 2: 169, t. 77 B. (1863)
Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chubut, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, San Juan, San Luis); Chile (Aisén)
85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra ochreata var. striata Gillies ex Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., III 11: 258 (1863)
species :
Ephedra pachyclada
Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 713 (1884)
subspecies :
subsp. pachyclada
Distribution: Afghanistan (Ghazni, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan); Oman; Pakistan (Baluchistan); Nepal
34 AFG 35 OMA 40 NEP PAK
subspecies :
subsp. sinaica
(Riedl) Freitag & Maier-St.; Edinburgh J. Bot. 49(1): 92 (1992)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., S-Iran, W-Iran); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen)
34 IRN SIN 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra sinaica Riedl; Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 38: 291, f. 1 (1980)
species :
Ephedra pedunculata
Engelm. ex S.Watson; Botany [Fortieth Parallel] 329 (1871)
Name: Vine jointfir
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
77 USA 79 MEX
Conservation Status: Of conservation concern
species :
Ephedra pentandra
Pachom.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Uzbekistan 18: 49 (1967)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Ephedra przewalskii
Stapf; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 56(2): 40, pl. 1, pl. 3, f. 1-6 (1889)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang); Mongolia; Pakistan
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI 37 MON 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra kaschgarica B.Fedtsch. & Bobrov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Acad. Nauk SSSR 13: 46 (1950)
= Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobrov) C.Y.Cheng; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 473, t. 109, f. 7-8 (1978)
species :
Ephedra regeliana
Florin; Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 12(1): 17, pl. 3, f. 2 (1933)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Tuva); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Wakhan); China (Xinjiang); Pakistan; N-India
30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra monosperma var. disperma Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6(2): 479-480 (1882)
= Ephedra pulvinaris V.V.Nikitin; Fl. Tadjikist. 1: 504 (1957)
species :
Ephedra rhytidosperma
Pachom.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Uzbekistan. 18: 51 (1967)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia); Mongolia
36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 87, pl. 59. 1-8 (1975)
species :
Ephedra rituensis
Y.Yang; D. Z. Fu & G. H. Zhu, Novon 13: 153 (2003)
Distribution: China (Qinghai, Xinjiang); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
species :
Ephedra sarcocarpa
Aitch. & Hemsl.; Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II(3): 112 (1886)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Helmand, Kandahar); Pakistan
34 AFG 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra oxyphylla Riedl; K. Danske Vid. Selsk., Biol. Skrift. 13: No. 4 (Symb. Afgh. v.) 11(1963)
species :
Ephedra saxatilis
(Stapf) Royle ex Florin; Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 12(1): 25, pl. 4, f. 2 (1933)
Distribution: Tajikistan; China (S-Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim)
32 TZK 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra gerardiana var. saxatilis Stapf; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 56(2): 76, pl. 3, pl. 18, f. 5 (1889)
= Ephedra gerardiana var. sikkimensis Stapf; Akad. Wiss. Wien. Math. Naturwiss. Kl. Denkschr. 56(2): 76 (1889)
= Ephedra likiangensis f. mairei (Florin) C.Y.Cheng; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 7: 480 (1978)
= Ephedra likiangensis var. mairei (Florin) L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu; Novon 7(4): 444 (1997 publ. 1998)
= Ephedra saxatilis var. mairei Florin; Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., III 12(1): 29 (1933)
= Ephedra saxatilis var. sikkimensis (Stapf) Florin; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3, 12(1): 28 (1933)
species :
Ephedra sinica
Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 133 (1927)
subspecies :
subsp. sinica
Name: Ma huang
Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita); Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi); Mongolia; Vietnam
30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra flava F.P.Sm.; Contr. Mat. Med. China: 93 (1871), nom. inval.
= Ephedra ma-huang Liu; China J. 6(5): 257 (1927), nom. prov.
= Ephedra sinica Stapf apud Farw.; J. Amer. Pharm. Assoc. 16: 136 (1927) (nomen provis.)
subspecies :
subsp. dahurica
(Turcz.) Galanin; Fl. Daurii 1: 73 (& 74) (2008)
Distribution: Siberia (Irkutsk, Altai, Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Mongolia
30 SIB 32 KAZ 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra pseudodistachya Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 1: 29, 198 (1968)
= Ephedra dahurica Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 26(1): 421 (1854)
species :
Ephedra somalensis
Freitag & Maier-St.; Kew Bull. 58: 417 (2003)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Ephedra stipitata
J.Biswas & Rita Singh; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 59(1): 123 (2022)
Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
species :
Ephedra strobilacea
Bunge ex Aug.Lehm.; Rel. Bot., Mem. Sav. etr. 7: 499 (1851)
subspecies :
subsp. strobilacea
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., SW-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Helmand, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Nimroz, Samangan)
32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra strobilacea Bunge; Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 7: 499 (Lehm. Reliq. Bot. 323) (1851)
subspecies :
subsp. microbracteatea
(Ghahr.) Freitag & Maier-St.; K. Browicz, Chorol. Trees & Shrubs S. W. Asia & Adj. Regions 10: 15 (1994)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, S-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra microbracteata Ghahrem.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Nation. Belg., 44(1- 2): 26 (1974)
species :
Ephedra strongylensis
Brullo, C.Brullo, Cambria, Ilardi, Siracusa, Miniss. & Giusso; Phytotaxa 576(3): 251 (2022)
Distribution: Sicily
13 SIC
species :
Ephedra sumlingensis
P.Sharma & P.L.Uniyal; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 50: 179 (2008 publ. 2009)
Distribution: NW-India
40 IND
species :
Ephedra tilhoana
Maire; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. II. 4: 903 (1932)
Distribution: S-Libya; N-Chad (Tibesti)
20 LBY 24 CHA
species :
Ephedra torreyana
S.Watson; Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 299 (1879)
Name: Torrey´s jointfir
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra trifurca Parry; Bot. Obs. S. Utah, 351
variant :
var. powelliorum
T.Wendt; Phytologia 74(2): 142 (1993)
Distribution: USA (Texas); NE-Mexico (Chihuahua)
77 USA 79 MEX
species :
Ephedra transitoria
Riedl; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Nat. Kl. 98: 27 (1961)
Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira); Jordania (E-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir, N-Saudi Arabia)
34 IRQ JOR LEB SYR 35 SAU
species :
Ephedra triandra
Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IV. 10: 125 (1858), emend. J. H. Hunz.
Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Entre Rios, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Rio Negro, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman)
83 BOL 85 ARG
species :
Ephedra trifurca
Torr.; Bot. Emory Rep. 152 (1848)
Name: Longleaf jointfir
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra intermixta H.C.Cutler; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 26: 388 (1939)
= Ephedra trifaria Parl.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 16(2): 359 (1868)
species :
Ephedra trifurcata
Zoellner; An. Mus. Hist. Nat. Valparaiso 8: 81 (1975)
Distribution: Chile (Valparaíso)
85 CLE
species :
Ephedra tweediana
C.A.Mey.; Monogr. Ephedr. 96, t. 5, f. 9 (1846)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Uruguay (Durazno, Flores Prov., Florida Prov., Maldonado, Montevideo, Rio Negro, Rocha, San Jose); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Tucuman)
84 BRA 85 ARG URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra scandens Miers; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. III. 11: 261 (1863)
species :
Ephedra viridis
Coville; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. Iv. 220 (1893)
Name: Mormon tea
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra nevadensis var. viridis (Coville) M.E.Jones; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 5: 726 (1895)
= Ephedra nevadensis subvar. pluribracteata Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 83 (1889)
species :
Ephedra vvedenskyi
Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 1: 198 (1968)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Azerbaijan; NE-Iran
32 TKM 33 AZE 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ephedra distachya subvar. tristachya Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56(2): 67 (1889)
species :
Ephedra yangthangensis
P.Sharma & Rita Singh; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 23: 195 (2016)
Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
species :
Ephedra ×arenicola
Cutler; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 26: 393 (1939)
Distribution: USA (Arizona)
76 USA
Remarks: Ephedra cutleri x Ephedra torreyana
species :
Ephedra ×eleutherolepis
V.A.Nikitin; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966: 5 (1966)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
Remarks: E. intermedia x E. strobilacea
species :
Ephedra ×intermixta
Cutler; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 26: 388 (1939)
Distribution: USA (SW-New Mexico)
77 USA
Remarks: Ephedra torreyana x Ephedra trifurca
