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Ver. 19.2
March 25th, 2024

462.0000 Family Gesneriaceae Rich. & Juss.; DC., Essai Propr. Méd. Pl., ed. 2: 192 (1816), nom. cons.
146 genera, ca. 3750 spp. Phylogeny: Weber et al. (2013)
Species listed in database: 3893; hybrids: 44
= Belloniaceae Martinov; Tekno-Bot. Slovar: 67 (1820)
= Besleriaceae Raf.; Sylva Tellur.: 70 (1838)
= Cyrtandraceae Jack; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 23 (1823)
= Didymocarpaceae D.Don; Edinburgh Philos. J. 7: 83 (1822)
= Ramondaceae Godr.; J. C. M. Gren. & D. A. Godr., Fl. France 2: 506 (1850)
462.3141 Genus Epithema Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 737 (1826)
Distribution: Tropical Africa (1), trop. Asia, S-China
Species listed in database: 20
= Aikinia R.Br.; Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 65. t. 288 (1832)
= Carpocalymna Zipp.; Alg. Konst. en Letterbode 1: 297 (1829)
species :
Epithema benthamii C.B.Clarke; DC. & A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 180 (1883)
Distribution: Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao, ?Negros); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 MOL NWG PHI SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Epithema brunonis var. scabridum C.B.Clarke; DC. & A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 179 (1883)
= Epithema calcicola Ohwi; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 57: 125 (1943)
species :
Epithema carnosum Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 57 (1835)
Distribution: China (N-Guangdong, Guangxi, SW-Guizhou, SE-Yunnan); Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; NE-India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Karnataka, Kerala, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Nicobar Isl. (North Nicobars, Central Nicobars); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mandalay, Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 LAO MYA NCB THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aikinia carnosa (Benth.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 665 (1837)
species :
Epithema ceylanicum Gardner; Calc. J. Nat. Hist. 6: 492 (1846)
Distribution: S-Taiwan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Andaman / Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; Cambodia; Vietnam; N-Philippines
38 TAI 40 IND SRL 41 CBD MYA VIE 42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Epithema brunonis var. fasciculatum C.B.Clarke; A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 180 (1883)
= Epithema carnosum var. ceylanicum (Gardner) C.B.Clarke; DC. & A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 178 (1883)
= Epithema carnosum var. dentatum C.B.Clarke; A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 177 (1883)
= Epithema carnosum var. hispidum C.B.Clarke; A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 178 (1883)
= Epithema ceylanicum Wight; Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: 182 (1850)
= Epithema dentatum (C.B.Clarke) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(1): 111 (1997)
= Epithema dentatum subsp. hispidum (C.B.Clarke) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(1): 112 (1997)
= Epithema taiwanense S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 4: 795 (1992)
= Epithema taiwanense var. fasciculatum (C.B.Clarke) Z.Yu Li & M.T.Kao; Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 4: 697 (1998)
species :
Epithema dolichopodum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(1): 112 (1997)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah)
42 BOR
species :
Epithema horsfieldii (R.Br.) DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 9: 279 (1845)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia; Sulawesi; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Sumbawa)
42 JAW LSI MLY SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Aikinia horsfieldii R.Br.; Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 66 (1832)
= Carpocalymna monophylla Zipp. ex Span.; Linnaea 15: 331 (1841), nom. inval.
= Epithema difforme Span.; Linnaea 15: 331 (1841)
= Epithema horsfieldii var. epiphyllum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54: 112 (1997)
species :
Epithema involucratum (Roxb.) B.L.Burtt; Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 308 (1958)
Distribution: Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sulawesi; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor); Moluccas
41 CBD LAO THA VIE 42 LSI MLY MOL SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Aikinia brunonis Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. (Wallich). 3: 66, t. 288 (1832)
= Epithema brunonis (Wall.) Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Nat. Par. 3: 404 (1834)
= Epithema brunonis var. violaceum C.B.Clarke; DC. & A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 180 (1883)
= Epithema roxburghii DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 9: 279 (1845), nom. illeg.
= Epithema violaceum Span.; Linnaea 15: 330 (1841), nom. nud.
= Gratiola involucrata Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 80 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. 1: 138 (1820), Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 1: 137 (1832)
species :
Epithema longipetiolatum (Merr.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(1): 112 (1997)
Distribution: Sulawesi; Moluccas (Ambon); New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 MOL NWG SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Epithema brunonis var. longipetiolatum Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 11: 313 (1916)
species :
Epithema longitubum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(1): 112 (1997)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (East Timor)
42 LSI
species :
Epithema madulidii Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(1): 112 (1997)
Distribution: Philippines (Coron Isl.)
42 PHI
species :
Epithema membranacea (King) Kiew; Malaysian Nat. J., 38(3 Suppl.): 36 (1985)
Distribution: Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Penang Isl., Perak, Pahan); Sumatra
41 THA 42 MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Argostemma membranaceum King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 72: 134 (1904)
species :
Epithema parvibracteatum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(1): 112 (1997)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (only known from type, Batu Caves, Selangor)
42 MLY
species :
Epithema philippinum (Hilliard & B.L.Burtt) Bransgr.; Gard. Bull. Singapore 67(1): 200 (2015)
Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Epithema strigosum subsp. philippinum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(1): 113 (1997)
species :
Epithema pusillum (C.B.Clarke) Bransgr.; Gard. Bull. Singapore 67(1): 202 (2015)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Epithema carnosum var. pusillum C.B.Clarke; A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 178 (1883)
= Epithema dentatum var. pusillum (C.B.Clarke) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(1): 112 (1997)
species :
Epithema rennellense Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(1): 112 (1997)
Distribution: Solomon Isl. (Rennell Isl.)
43 SOL
species :
Epithema sarawakense Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(1): 113 (1997)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)
42 BOR
species :
Epithema saxatile Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 737 (1826)
Distribution: Andaman / Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (quite widespread); Sumatra; Sulawesi; Borneo
41 MYA THA 42 BOR MLY SUL SUM
species :
Epithema steenisii Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(1): 113 (1997)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
species :
Epithema strigosum (C.B.Clarke) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(1): 113 (1997)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Epithema brunonis var. strigosum C.B.Clarke; DC. & A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 179 (1883)
species :
Epithema tenerum (C.B.Clarke) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(1): 113 (1997)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Epithema brunonis var. tenerum C.B.Clarke; DC. & A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 180 (1883)
species :
Epithema tenue C.B.Clarke; DC. & A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 181 (1883)
Distribution: Guinea; Liberia; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; South Sudan; Uganda
22 GUI LBR 23 BIO CMN CON GAB SAO 24 SSU 25 UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Epithema graniticolum A.Chev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58: Mem. VIII. 189 (1911 publ. 1912)
= Epithema tenue var. caulescens Engl.
= Epithema thomense Henriq.; Bolet. Soc. Brot. 10:. 145 (1892)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 19.2 (March 25th, 2024)

Covering 354,631 accepted species,
8,631 hybrids, 47,815 accepted infraspecific taxa and 995,902 synonyms,
in total 1,406,979* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life