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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

177.0000 Family Papaveraceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 235 (1789), nom. cons.
43 genera, ca. 1000 spp.
Species listed in database: 1013; hybrids: 20
= Chelidoniaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 124 (1820)
= Eschscholziaceae Ser.; Fl. Jard. 2: 106 (1847)
= Fumariaceae Marquis; Esq. Règne Vég.: 50 (1820), nom. cons.
= Hypecoaceae Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 875 (1880)
= Platystemonaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 862, 979 (1870)
177.1102 Genus Eschscholzia Cham.; Nees, Horae Phys. Berol.: 73 (1820)
Distribution: SW-USA, N-Mexico
Species listed in database: 15
= Petromecon Greene; Pittonia 5: 293 (1905)
= Chryseis Lindl.; Bot. Reg. t. 1948 (1835)
= Omonoia Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 92 (1836)
species :
Eschscholzia androuxii Still; PhytoKeys 35: 46 (2014)
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
species :
Eschscholzia caespitosa Benth.; Trans. Hort. Soc. Ser. II. 1: 408 (1835)
Name: Tufted poppy
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eschscholzia austinae Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: n. III. 69 (1885)
= Eschscholzia bakeri Greene; Pittonia 5: 284 (1903)
= Eschscholzia biternata Greene; Pittonia 5: 271 (1903)
= Eschscholzia californica var. tenuifolia (Benth.) Curran; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 1: 246 (1888)
= Eschscholzia caruifolia Greene; Pittonia 5: 281 (1903)
= Eschscholzia caruifolia var. cyathifera Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 147 (1906)
= Eschscholzia cruciata Greene; Pittonia 5: 279 (1903)
= Eschscholzia dolichocarpa Eastw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 487 (1903)
= Eschscholzia douglasii var. tenuifolia (Benth.) Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. Whipple, Bot. 4(5
= Eschscholzia dumetorum Greene; Pittonia 5: 283 (1903)
= Eschscholzia elmeri Greene; Pittonia 5: 286 (1903)
= Eschscholzia flaccida Fedde; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 153 (1905)
= Eschscholzia formosa Greene; Pittonia 5: 288 (1905)
= Eschscholzia formosa var. urocalyx Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 184 (1906)
= Eschscholzia incisa Greene; Pittonia 5: 287 (1905)
= Eschscholzia pseudalcicornis Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 184 (1906)
= Eschscholzia rostellata Greene; Pittonia 5: 282 (1905)
= Eschscholzia tenuifolia Benth.; Trans. Hort. Soc. London, ser. 2, 1: 408 (1834 publ. 1835)
= Eschscholzia tenuissima Greene; Pittonia 5: 285 (1905)
species :
Eschscholzia californica Cham.; Nees, Horac Phys. Berot.: 74 (1820)
subspecies :
subsp. californica
Name: California poppy (EN); Kalifornischer Kappenmohn (DE); Amapola de California (ES)
Distribution: England [I]; Netherlands [I]; Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Romania [I]; Greece [I]; European Russia [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Azores [I] (Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Pico [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Lanzarote [I], Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], Hierro [I], La Palma Isl. [I]); South Africa [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Magadan [I], Primorye [I]); Cyprus [I]; China [I]; South Korea [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; NW-India [I]; Myanmar [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; New Zealand [I]; Hawaii [I] (East Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl.); USA (Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Chiapas, Mexico State, Oaxaca, Sinaloa); Isla Guadalupe; Guatemala [I]; Honduras [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I])
10 grb 11 aut ger hun net 12 bal cis cor fra por spa 13 bih cro grc rom 14 rus 20 alg mor 21 azo cny mdr 27 saf 31 rfe 34 cyp 36 chi 38 kor nns tai 40 ind pak 41 mya 50 aus 51 nzl 63 haw 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 78 USA 79 GLP MEX 80 cos gua hon 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 85 arg cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Chelidonium multifidum Moc. & Sessé ex DC.; Prod. 3: 344 (1828)
= Chryseis caespitosa Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. 1: 63 (1838)
= Chryseis californica (Cham.) Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 23: t. 1948, f. 3 (1837)
= Chryseis compacta Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 23: t. 1948 (1837)
= Chryseis crocea Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 23: t. 1948 (1837)
= Chryseis douglasii Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. 1: 664 (1840)
= Chryseis tenuifolia Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. 1: 64 (1838)
= Eschscholzia absinthiifolia Greene; Pittonia 5: 239 (1903)
= Eschscholzia ambigua Greene; Fl. Francisc. (1896) 286, et Man. Bot. San Franc. Bay 11 (1894)
= Eschscholzia angularis Greene; Pittonia 5: 238 (1903)
= Eschscholzia apiculata Greene; Pittonia 5: 235 (1903)
= Eschscholzia arizonica Greene; Pittonia 5: 261 (1903)
= Eschscholzia australis Greene; Pittonia 5: 249 (1903)
= Eschscholzia benedicta Greene; Pittonia 5: 228 (1903)
= Eschscholzia bernardina Greene; Pittonia 5: 255 (1903)
= Eschscholzia bernardina var. coarctata Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 183 (1906)
= Eschscholzia bicornuta Greene; Pittonia 5: 249 (1903)
= Eschscholzia biolettii Greene; Pittonia 5: 232 (1903)
= Eschscholzia brandegeei Greene; Pittonia 5: 248 (1905)
= Eschscholzia californica var. ambigua (Greene) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif.: 208 (1901)
= Eschscholzia californica var. compacta (Lindl.) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif.: 208 (1901)
= Eschscholzia californica var. crocea (Benth.) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. (Jeps.) 207 (1901)
= Eschscholzia californica var. douglasii (Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. (Jeps.) 208 (1901)
= Eschscholzia californica var. luxurians Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 27 (1906)
= Eschscholzia californica var. maritima (Greene) Jeps.; Fl. Calif. 1: 570 (1922)
= Eschscholzia californica var. peninsularis (Greene) Munz; Man. S. Calif. Bot. (Munz) 181 (1935)
= Eschscholzia californica var. stricta (Greene) Jeps.; Fl. Calif. 1: 570 (1922)
= Eschscholzia calosperma Greene; Pittonia 5: 246 (1903)
= Eschscholzia chartacea Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Nov. Sp. 3: 105 (1906)
= Eschscholzia clevelandi Greene; Pittonia 5: 248 (1903)
= Eschscholzia cognata Greene; Pittonia 5: 252 (1903)
= Eschscholzia columbiana Greene; Pittonia 5: 231 (1903)
= Eschscholzia compacta (Lindl.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 116 (1842)
= Eschscholzia confinis Greene; Pittonia 5: 237 (1903)
= Eschscholzia crassula Greene; Pittonia 5: 266 (1903)
= Eschscholzia crocea Benth.; Trans. Hort. Soc. London, ser. 2, 1: 407 (1834 publ. 1835)
= Eschscholzia crocea var. apiifolia Greene; Pittonia 5: 241 (1905)
= Eschscholzia crocea var. longissima Greene; Pittonia 5: 241 (1905)
= Eschscholzia crocea var. rosea (J.J.Veitch) J.Vick; Vick´s Ill. Cat. Fl. Guide, ed. 8: unnumbered insert. (1869)
= Eschscholzia crocea var. sanctarum (Greene) Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 147 (1906)
= Eschscholzia cucullata Greene; Erythea 2: 120 (1894)
= Eschscholzia cyathifera Greene; Pittonia 5: 263 (1903)
= Eschscholzia debilis Greene; Pittonia 5: 227 (1903)
= Eschscholzia diversiloba Greene; Pittonia 5: 256 (1903)
= Eschscholzia douglasii Benth.; Pl. Hartw. (Bentham) 296 (1848)
= Eschscholzia eastwoodiae Greene; Pittonia 5: 227 (1903)
= Eschscholzia exilis Greene; Pittonia 5: 265 (1903)
= Eschscholzia floribunda Greene; Pittonia 5: 247 (1903)
= Eschscholzia floribunda var. gorgonica Greene; Pittonia 5: 247 (1905)
= Eschscholzia floribunda var. gracillima Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 105 (1906)
= Eschscholzia foeniculacea Greene; Pittonia 5: 224 (1905)
= Eschscholzia gigas Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Nov. Sp. 3: 28 (1906)
= Eschscholzia glauca Greene; Pittonia 1: 45 (1887)
= Eschscholzia granulata Greene; Pittonia 5: 235 (1903)
= Eschscholzia granulata var. minuscula Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 147 (1906)
= Eschscholzia helleriana Greene; Pittonia 5: 229 (1903)
= Eschscholzia helleriana var. tilingii Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 27 (1906)
= Eschscholzia humilis Greene; Pittonia 5: 265 (1905)
= Eschscholzia inflata Greene; Pittonia 5: 264 (1905)
= Eschscholzia isostigma Greene; Pittonia 5: 254 (1905)
= Eschscholzia juncea Greene; Pittonia 5: 228 (1905)
= Eschscholzia lacera Greene; Pittonia 5: 250 (1905)
= Eschscholzia leptandra Greene; Pittonia 1: 170 (1888)
= Eschscholzia leptomitra Greene; Pittonia 5: 265 (1905)
= Eschscholzia leucosticta Greene; Pittonia 5: 229 (1905)
= Eschscholzia ludens Greene; Pittonia 5: 272 (1905)
= Eschscholzia marcida Greene; Pittonia 5: 233 (1903)
= Eschscholzia marcida var. monticola Greene; Pittonia 5: 233 (1905)
= Eschscholzia maritima Greene; Pittonia 1: 60 (1887)
= Eschscholzia menziesiana Greene; Pittonia 5: 223 (1903)
= Eschscholzia menziesiana var. anemophila Greene; Pittonia 5: 223 (1905)
= Eschscholzia menziesiana var. coarctata Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 148 (1906)
= Eschscholzia menziesiana var. nesiaca Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 148 (1906)
= Eschscholzia menziesiana var. recedens Greene; Pittonia 5: 223 (1905)
= Eschscholzia microloba Greene; Pittonia 5: 250 (1905)
= Eschscholzia nitrophila Greene; Pittonia 5: 240 (1905)
= Eschscholzia oregana Greene; Pittonia 5: 282 (1903)
= Eschscholzia peninsularis Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1(3): 68 (1885)
= Eschscholzia physodes Greene; Pittonia 5: 259 (1903)
= Eschscholzia picta Greene; Pittonia 5: 255 (1903)
= Eschscholzia pseudoinflata Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 75 (1906)
= Eschscholzia pseudopraecox Fedde; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 153 (1905)
= Eschscholzia ptarmicoides Greene; Pittonia 5: 270 (1903)
= Eschscholzia quadrangularis Greene; Pittonia 5: 264 (1905)
= Eschscholzia recta Greene; Pittonia 5: 245 (1905)
= Eschscholzia revoluta Greene; Pittonia 5: 247 (1905)
= Eschscholzia revoluta var. caudatocalyx Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 105 (1906)
= Eschscholzia rigida Greene; Pittonia 5: 244 (1905)
= Eschscholzia robusta Greene; Pittonia 5: 266 (1905)
= Eschscholzia rosea J.J.Veitch; Gard. Chron. 1868: 1336 (1868)
= Eschscholzia sanctarum Greene; Pittonia 5: 243 (1905)
= Eschscholzia scapifera Fedde; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 153 (1905)
= Eschscholzia scariosa Greene; Pittonia 5: 243 (1905)
= Eschscholzia scariosa var. dichasiophora Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 75 (1906)
= Eschscholzia setchellii Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 183 (1906)
= Eschscholzia shastensis Greene; Pittonia 5: 234 (1905)
= Eschscholzia straminea Greene; Pittonia 5: 157 (1905)
= Eschscholzia stricta Greene; Pittonia 5: 236 (1905)
= Eschscholzia tenuisecta Greene; Pittonia 1: 169 (1888)
= Eschscholzia thermophila Greene; Pittonia 5: 256 (1905)
= Eschscholzia tristis Fedde; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 104: 170 (1909)
= Eschscholzia vaccarum Greene; Pittonia 5: 282 (1905)
= Eschscholzia vernalis Greene; Pittonia 5: 258 (1905)
= Eschscholzia xylorrhiza Greene; Pittonia 5: 238 (1905)
= Eschscholzia yainacensis Greene; Pittonia 5: 234 (1905)
= Eschscholzia yainacensis var. modocensis Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 28 (1906)
= Omonoia californica (Cham.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 92 (1837)
subspecies :
subsp. mexicana (Greene) C.Clark; Syst. Bot. 3(4): 382 (1979)
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Sonora)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eschscholzia aliena Greene; Pittonia 5: 260 (1905)
= Eschscholzia arvensis Greene; Pittonia 5: 253 (1905)
= Eschscholzia arvensis var. dilatata Greene; Pittonia 5: 253 (1905)
= Eschscholzia arvensis var. orthodichasialis Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 105 (1906)
= Eschscholzia californica var. mexicana (Greene) N.H.Holmgren & P.K.Holmgren; Brittonia 62: 265 (2010)
= Eschscholzia douglasii var. parvula A.Gray; Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 10 (1853)
= Eschscholzia jonesii Greene; Pittonia 5: 261 (1905)
= Eschscholzia mexicana Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1(3): 69 (1885)
= Eschscholzia nevadensis Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Nov. Sp. 2: 146 (1906)
= Eschscholzia parvula (A.Gray) Cockerell; Bot. Gaz. 26: 279 (1898)
species :
Eschscholzia elegans Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1(4): 182 (1885)
Distribution: Isla Guadalupe
79 GLP
species :
Eschscholzia glyptosperma Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: n. III. 70 (1885)
Name: Desert poppy
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Eschscholzia paupercula Greene; Pittonia 5: 262 (1905)
species :
Eschscholzia hypecoides Benth.; Trans. Hort. Soc. Ser. II. 1: 408 (1835)
Name: San Benito poppy
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chryseis hypecoides Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Am. 1: 64 (1840)
= Eschscholzia caespitosa var. hypecoides (Benth.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 272 (1887)
species :
Eschscholzia lemmonii Greene; West-Am. Scientist. 3: 157 (1887), et Fl. Francisc. 287 (1892)
subspecies :
subsp. lemmonii
Name: Lemmon´s poppy
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Eschscholzia alcicornis Greene; Pittonia 5: 273 (1905)
= Eschscholzia asprella Greene; Pittonia 5: 272 (1905)
= Eschscholzia delitescens Greene ex Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 185 (1906)
= Eschscholzia eximia Greene; Pittonia 5: 273 (1905)
= Eschscholzia lemmonii var. asprella (Greene) Jeps.; Fl. Calif. (Jeps.) 1: 573 (1922)
= Eschscholzia lemmonii var. cuspidata Greene; Pittonia 5: 289 (1905)
= Eschscholzia lemmonii var. laxa Greene; Pittonia 5: 289 (1905)
= Eschscholzia urceolata Eastw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 488 (1903)
subspecies :
subsp. kernensis (Munz) C.Clark; Madroño 33(3): 225 (1986)
Name: Tejon poppy
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Eschscholzia caespitosa subsp. kernensis Munz; Aliso 4: 90 (-91) (1958)
species :
Eschscholzia lobbii Greene; Pittonia 5: 290 (1905)
Name: Fryingpans
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Eschscholzia graminea Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 146 (1906)
= Eschscholzia pulchella Greene; Pittonia 5: 291 (1905)
= Eschscholzia unguiculata Greene; Pittonia 5: 292 (1905)
species :
Eschscholzia minutiflora S.Watson; Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 122 (1876)
subspecies :
subsp. minutiflora
Name: Pygmy poppy
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Sonora)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eschscholzia micrantha var. fusigemmata Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 184 (1906)
= Eschscholzia minuscula Greene; Pittonia 5: 270 (1905)
= Eschscholzia minutiflora var. darwinensis M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 8: 2 (1898)
= Eschscholzia minutiflora var. rutifolia (Greene) Jeps.; Fl. Calif. 1: 573 (1922)
= Eschscholzia modesta Greene; Pittonia 1: 169 (1888)
= Eschscholzia multicaulis Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 145 (1906)
= Eschscholzia petrophila Greene; Pittonia 5: 283 (1905)
= Eschscholzia pusilla Greene; Pittonia 5: 281 (1905)
= Eschscholzia rutifolia Greene; Pittonia 5: 271 (1905)
= Eschscholzia tortuosa Greene; Pittonia 5: 278 (1905)
subspecies :
subsp. covillei (Greene) C.Clark; Madroño 38(2): 77 (1991)
Name: Coville´s poppy
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Eschscholzia covillei Greene; Pittonia 5: 275 (1903)
subspecies :
subsp. twisselmannii C.Clark & M.Faull; Madroño 38(2): 78 (1991)
Name: Red Rock poppy
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
species :
Eschscholzia palmeri Rose; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 23 (1890)
Distribution: Isla Guadalupe
79 GLP
Synonyms: hidden
= Eschscholzia frutescens (Greene) J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 3: 149 (1942)
= Petromecon frutescens Greene; Pittonia 5: 294 (1905)
= Petromecon palmeri (Rose) Greene; Pittonia 5: 293 (1905)
= Petromecon palmeri Greene; Pittonia 5: 293 (1905)
species :
Eschscholzia papastillii Still; PhytoKeys 35: 50 (2014)
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
species :
Eschscholzia parishii Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: n. IV. 183 (1885)
Name: Parish´s poppy
Distribution: USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eschscholzia minutiflora var. parishii (Greene) Jeps.; Fl. Calif. 1: 573 (1922)
species :
Eschscholzia procera Greene; Pittonia 5: 241 (1905)
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
species :
Eschscholzia ramosa (Greene) Greene; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 13: 217 (1886)
Name: Channel Island poppy
Distribution: USA (California Channel Isl.); Isla Guadalupe
76 USA 79 GLP
Synonyms: hidden
= Eschscholzia crossophylla Greene; Pittonia 5: 268 (1905)
= Eschscholzia elegans var. ramosa Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 182 (1885)
= Eschscholzia ramosa var. trichophylla (Greene) Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 147 (1906)
= Eschscholzia trichophylla Greene; Pittonia 5: 268 (1905)
= Eschscholzia wrigleyana Millsp. & Nutt.; Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 5: 109 (1923)
species :
Eschscholzia rhombipetala Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. 1(III): 71 (1885)
Name: Diamondpetal California poppy
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Conservation Status: Of conservation concern, only one site remaining
Synonyms: hidden
= Eschscholzia caespitosa var. rhombipetala (Greene) Jeps.; Fl. Calif. 1: 574 (1922)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life