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493.0000 Family Gentianaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 141 (1789), nom. cons.
95 genera, ca. 1850 spp.
Species listed in database: 1857; hybrids: 24
= Chironiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 1(104-114): 1, 36 (1823)
= Coutoubeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Obolariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 427 (1820)
= Potaliaceae Mart.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Martius] 2: 89, 91, 133 (1827)
= Saccifoliaceae Maguire & Pires; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 29: 242 (1978)
493.0207 Genus Exochaenium Griseb.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 55 (1845)
Distribution: mostly SE-trop. Africa
Species listed in database: 22; hybrids: 1
species :
Exochaenium alatum (Paiva & I.Nogueira) Kissling; Syst. Bot. 37(1): 242 (2012)
Distribution: N-Zambia
26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Sebaea alata Paiva & I.Nogueira; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 47(1): 95 (1989 publ. 1990)
species :
Exochaenium baumianum Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 716 (1906)
Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia
23 CON ZAI 26 ANG ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Belmontia baumiana Gilg; Kunene-Sambesi-Exped. [Warburg] 331 (1903)
= Sebaea baumiana (Gilg) Boutique; Fl. Afrique Centr., Gentian. 46 (1972)
species :
Exochaenium caudatum (Paiva & I.Nogueira) Kissling; Syst. Bot. 37(1): 243 (2012)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Sebaea caudata Paiva & I.Nogueira; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 47(1): 89 (1989 publ. 1990)
species :
Exochaenium clavatum (Paiva & I.Nogueira) Kissling; Syst. Bot. 37(1): 243 (2012)
subspecies :
subsp. clavatum
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Sebaea clavata Paiva & I.Nogueira; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 47(1): 97 (1989 publ. 1990)
subspecies :
subsp. stella-palustre Kissling; Phytotaxa 203(3): 298 (2015)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Exochaenium debile Welw.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 48 (1869)
Distribution: Angola; Zambia; Namibia
26 ANG ZAM 27 NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Belmontia debilis (Welw.) Schinz; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 37: 332 (1892)
= Parasia debilis (Welw.) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 708 (1898)
= Sebaea africana Paiva & I.Nogueira; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 47: 94 (1989 publ. 1990)
= Sebaea debilis (Welw.) Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 734 (1906)
species :
Exochaenium dimidiatum (Sileshi) Kissling; Syst. Bot. 37(1): 247 (2012)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sebaea dimidiata Sileshi; Kew Bull. 55(1): 214 (2000)
species :
Exochaenium exiguum A.W.Hill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1909: 50 (1909)
Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; Angola; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 CON 26 ANG MOZ ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Sebaea minuta Paiva & I.Nogueira; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 47(1): 99 (1989 publ. 1990), nom. nov.
species :
Exochaenium fernandesianum (Paiva & I.Nogueira) Kissling; Syst. Bot. 37(1): 247 (2012)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Sebaea fernandesiana Paiva & I.Nogueira; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 47(1): 92 (1989 publ. 1990)
species :
Exochaenium gracile (Welw.) Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 716 (1906)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Central African Republic; Angola; Zambia
22 GUI SIE 23 CAF 26 ANG ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Belmontia gracilis Welw.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 47 (1869)
= Belmontia luteoalba A.Chev.; J. Bot. [Morot], Ser. 2, 3: 119 (1909)
= Belmontia ohlendorffiana (Eckl. ex Griseb.) Griseb.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 54 (1845)
= Parasia gracilis (Welw.) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 708 (1898)
= Sebaea gracilis (Welw.) Paiva & I.Nogueira; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 47(1): 100 (1989 publ. 1990), nom. illeg.
= Sebaea luteoalba (A.Chev.) P.Taylor; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel], ed. 2, 2: 298 (1963), et in Taxon 12: 294 (1963)
= Sebaea ohlendorffiana Eckl. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 166 (1839)
species :
Exochaenium grande (E.Mey.) Griseb.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 55 (1845)
Distribution: Senegal [I]; Nigeria; Cameroon; Ethiopia; Somalia; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
22 NGA sen 23 CMN 24 ETH SOM 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Belmontia grandis E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. [Meyer] 183 (1837)
= Belmontia natalensis Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 220 (1894)
= Belmontia zambesiaca Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 25 (1895)
= Exochaenium grande var. homostylum Hill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 338 (1908)
= Exochaenium grande var. major (S.Moore) Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 802 (1906)
= Exochaenium macranthum A.W.Hill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 339 (1908)
= Exochaenium zambesiacum (Baker) A.W.Hill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 336 (1908)
= Parasia grandis (E.Mey.) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 707 (1898)
= Sebaea grandis (E.Mey.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 550 (1841)
= Sebaea natalensis (Schinz) Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 782 (1906), nom. illeg.
= Sebaea zambesiaca (Baker) Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 744 (1906)
species :
Exochaenium hockii (De Wild.) Kissling; Syst. Bot. 37(1): 248 (2012)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Belmontia hockii De Wild.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 3: 266 (1911)
= Sebaea hockii (De Wild.) Boutique; Fl. Afrique Centr., Gentian. 45 (1972)
species :
Exochaenium lineariforme (Sileshi) Kissling; Syst. Bot. 37(1): 248 (2012)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sebaea lineariformis Sileshi; Kew Bull. 54(1): 193 (1999)
species :
Exochaenium macropterum (Sileshi) Kissling; Syst. Bot. 37(1): 249 (2012)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sebaea macroptera Sileshi; Kew Bull. 54(1): 191 (1999)
species :
Exochaenium natalense (Schinz) Kissling & K.W.Grieve; Phytotaxa 619(1): 120 (2023)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Free State, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 LES SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Sebaea imbricata A.W.Hill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 331 (1908)
= Sebaea natalensis Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 442 (1896)
= Sebaea rudolfii Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 741 (1906)
= Sebaea vitellina Schinz; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. Naturhist. Mus. Lübeck 17: 38 (1903)
species :
Exochaenium oliganthum (Gilg) Kissling; Syst. Bot. 37(1): 249 (2012)
Distribution: Guinea-Bissau; Ivory Coast; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania
22 GNB IVO NGA 23 CMN CON GAB ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Belmontia oligantha Gilg; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 102 (1899)
= Exochaenium bugandense A.Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 32: 473 (1962)
= Exochaenium evrardii A.Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 32: 472 (1962)
= Sebaea mildbraedii Gilg; Wiss. Ergebn. Zweit. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1910-11), Bot. 2: 98 (1922) (nomen)
= Sebaea oligantha (Gilg) Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 736 (1906)
species :
Exochaenium perparvum (Sileshi) Kissling; Syst. Bot. 37(1): 249 (2012)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Remarks: only known from type
Synonyms: hidden
= Sebaea perparva Sileshi; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gentian. 19 (2002)
species :
Exochaenium platypterum (Baker) Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 716 (1906)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe
23 BUR ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Belmontia platyptera Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 25 (1895)
= Parasia platyptera (Baker) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 706 (1898)
= Sebaea platyptera (Baker) Boutique; Fl. Afrique Centr., Gentian. 48 (1972)
species :
Exochaenium pumilum (Baker) A.W.Hill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 336 (1908)
Distribution: Senegal; Ivory Coast; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Uganda; Tanzania; Zambia; Mozambique
22 BEN IVO NGA SEN TOG 23 ZAI 24 SSU 25 TAN UGA 26 MOZ ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Belmontia pumila Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 25 (1895)
= Sebaea pumila (Baker) Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 731 (1906)
species :
Exochaenium pygmaeum Milne-Redh.; Kew Bull. [5]: 377 (1950 publ. 1951)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Sebaea perpusilla Paiva & I.Nogueira; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 47(1): 99 (1989 publ. 1990), nom. nov.
species :
Exochaenium rotundifolium (Peter) Kissling; Syst. Bot. 37(1): 250 (2012)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Belmontia rotundifolia Peter; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Math.-Phys. Kl., Ser. 2, 13(2): 89 (1928)
= Sebaea brevicaulis Sileshi; Kew Bull. 55: 213 (2000)
species :
Exochaenium teuszii (Schinz) Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 716 (1906)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia
22 GUI SIE 23 ZAI 26 ANG ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Belmontia chevalieri Abbayes & Schnell; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 96: 204 (1950)
= Belmontia chionantha Gilg; Kunene-Sambesi-Exped. [Warburg] 332 (1903)
= Belmontia mechowiana Schinz; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 36: 333 (1891)
= Belmontia teuszii Schinz; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 36: 335 (1891)
= Belmontia teuszii var. angustifolia De Wild.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 3: 279 (1911)
= Exochaenium chionanthum (Gilg) Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 716 (1906)
= Exochaenium gentilii De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 2: 336 (1908)
= Exochaenium mechowianum (Schinz) Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 716 (1906)
= Sebaea gentilii (De Wild.) Boutique; Fl. Afrique Centr., Gentian. 45 (1972)
= Sebaea teuszii (Schinz) P.Taylor; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel], ed. 2, 2: 298 (1963), et in Taxon 12: 294 (1963)
= Tachiadenus continentalis Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 70 (1895)
= Tachiadenus mechowianus (Schinz) A.W.Hill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 337 (1908)
species :
Exochaenium wildemanianum (Boutique) Kissling; Syst. Bot. 37(1): 252 (2012)
Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 CON ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Exochaenium wildemanianum Gilg ex De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 2: 336 (1908) (nomen)
= Sebaea wildemaniana (Gilg ex De Wild.) Boutique; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 41(2): 262 (1971)
species :
Exochaenium ×primuliflorum Welw.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 47 (1869), pro sp.
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Belmontia primuliflora (Welw.) Schinz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26(1): 102 (1898)
= Exochaenium primuliflorum var. nanum Welw.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 48 (1869)
= Parasia primuliflora (Welw.) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 707 (1898)
= Parasia primuliflora var. nanum (Welw.) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 708 (1896)
= Sebaea ×primuliflora (Welw.) Sileshi; Kew Bull. 55(1): 217 (2000)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life