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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35345; hybrids: 682
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.5117 Genus Gelasia Cass.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 33 (1818)
Distribution: Mediterranean to C-Asia
Species listed in database: 24
= Lasiospora Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 25: 306 (1822)
species :
Gelasia albicans (Coss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 56 (2020)
Distribution: S-Spain (Sierras Beticas)
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera albicans Coss.; Notes Pl. Crit. 2(3): 119 (1851)
= Scorzonera albicans f. longifolia Negrillo; Stud. Bot. (Salamanca) 5: 115 (1986)
= Scorzonera albicans var. macrocarpa Blanca & F.Valle; Fontqueria 4: 24 (1983)
= Scorzonera castulonensis Fern.Casas; Fontqueria 4: 24 (1983)
species :
Gelasia araneosa (Sm.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 56 (2020)
Distribution: Greece (Kiklades on many islands, but not Naxos)
13 GRC
Remarks: possibly a synonym of G. cretica
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera araneosa Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 123 (1813)
= Scorzonera eximia Rech.f.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 33: 17 (1934)
species :
Gelasia attariana E.Hatami, Mirtadz. & Ebrahimi; Phytotaxa 597(2): 167 (2023)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Gelasia biebersteinii (Lipsch.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 56 (2020)
Distribution: S-European Russia; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
14 RUS UKR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Lasiospermum angustifolium Fisch.; Cat. Jard. Pl. Gorenki, ed. 2: 34 (1812)
= Lasiospora angustifolia (Fisch.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 25: 306 (1827)
= Lasiospora eriosperma (M.Bieb.) Sch.Bip.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 21(1): 166 (1845)
= Lasiospora lasiosperma Sch.Bip. ex Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 6: 346 (1847)
= Scorzonera biebersteinii Lipsch.; Fragm. Monogr. Scorzonera 2: 95 (1939)
= Scorzonera eriosperma M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp. 117 (1798)
species :
Gelasia caespitosa (Pomel) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 57 (2020)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria
20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera caespitosa Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 266 (1875)
= Scorzonera caespitosa subsp. longifolia (Emb. & Maire) Dobignard; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 28: 70 (2004)
= Scorzonera longifolia (Emb. & Maire) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 229-238 (2003)
= Scorzonera pseudopygmaea Lipsch.; Fragm. Monogr. Scorzonera 40 (1935)
= Scorzonera pygmaea subsp. longifolia Emb. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 28: 366 (1937)
species :
Gelasia callosa (Moris) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 57 (2020)
Distribution: Sardinia
12 SAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Podospermum callosum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 111 (1838)
= Scorzonera callosa Moris; Stirp. Sard. Elench. 1: 29 (1827)
= Scorzonera villosa subsp. callosa (Morris) Chater; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(4): 270 (1975 publ. 1976)
species :
Gelasia circumflexa (Krasch. & Lipsch.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 57 (2020)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Baghlan, Farah, Helmand, Kabul, Kandahar, Logar, Samangan); China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera circumflexa Krasch. & Lipsch.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 43: 148 (1934)
= Scorzonera circumflexa subsp. glaberrima (Bunge) Tagaev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22: 234 (1985)
= Scorzonera tuberosa var. glaberrima Bunge; Beitr. Fl. Russl. 200 (1852)
species :
Gelasia cretica (Willd.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 57 (2020)
Name: Kreta-Schwarzwurzel (DE); Cretan Salsify (EN)
Distribution: Greece (Kithira, Andikithira, Kiklades: Levitha Isl.); Crete (widespread); East Aegaean Isl. (Agathonisi, Leros, Chalki, Rhodos)
13 GRC KRI 34 EAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Lasiospora cretica (Willd.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 25: 308 (1827)
= Scorzonera cretica Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1504 (1803)
= Scorzonera dependens Rech.f.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 33: 17 (1934)
= Scorzonera lassitica F.Vierh.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 65: 63 (1915)
species :
Gelasia doriae (Degen & Bald.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 57 (2020)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; NW-Greece (Pindos etc.)
13 ALB BIH GRC KOS MNT SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera doriae Degen & Bald.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 46: 417 (1896)
species :
Gelasia ensifolia (M.Bieb.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 57 (2020)
Distribution: S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang)
14 MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Lasiospermum ensifolium (M.Bieb.) Fisch.; Cat. Jard. Pl. Gorenki, ed. 2: 34 (1812)
= Lasiospora ensifolia (M.Bieb.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 25: 307 (1827)
= Lasiospora macrophylla Sch.Bip.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 21(1): 166 (1845)
= Scorzonera ensifolia M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 235 (1808)
= Scorzonera ensifolia var. macrophylla (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Tzvelev; Fl. Evropeískoí Chasti S.S.S.R. 8: 46 (1989)
= Scorzonera macrophylla Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Enum. Pl. Nov. [Fischer & Meyer] 1: 39 (1841)
= Scorzonera stricta DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7(1): 122 (1838), nom. inval.
species :
Gelasia filifolia (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 57 (2020)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera filifolia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 774 (1875)
= Scorzonera lipskyi Lipsch.; Fragm. Monogr. Scorzonera 2: 15, 16 (1939)
= Scorzonera rubriseta Lipsky; Zap. Kievsk. Obshch. Estestvoisp. 10(Extr.): 20 (1891)
species :
Gelasia flaccida (Rech.f.) E.Hatami, N.Kilian & K.E.Jones; Frontiers Pl. Sci. (Online journal) 13-851716: 20 (2022)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera flaccida Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 122: 73, t. 45 (1977)
species :
Gelasia hirsuta (Gouan) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 57 (2020)
Name: Behaarte Schwarzwurzel
Distribution: NE-Spain; France; Italy; Sicily; Croatia
12 FRA SPA 13 CRO ITA SIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Geropogon hirsutus (Gouan) d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 354 (1822)
= Hieracium capillaceum All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 214 (1785)
= Lasiospermum hirtum Fisch.; Cat. Jard. Pl. Gorenki, ed. 2: 34 (1812)
= Lasiospora hirsuta (Gouan) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 25: 308 (1822)
= Scorzonera hirsuta (Gouan) L.; Mant. Pl. Altera [Linnaeus] 278 (1771)
= Tragopogon hirsutus Gouan; Fl. Monsp. [Gouan] 342 (1764), nom. cons. prop.
species :
Gelasia lafranchisiana (Kit Tan & G.Vold) comb.ined.
Distribution: S-Albania; NW-Greece
13 ALB GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera lafranchisiana Kit Tan & G.Vold; Phytol. Balcan. 25(2): 227 (2019)
species :
Gelasia mackmeliana (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 58 (2020)
Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon)
34 LEB
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera mackmeliana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 44 (1849)
= Scorzonera scoparia Boiss. & Kotschy; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 774 (1875)
species :
Gelasia persica (Boiss. & Buhse) E.Hatami, N.Kilian & K.E.Jones; Frontiers Pl. Sci. (Online journal) 13-851716: 20 (2022)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera persica Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 777 (1875)
species :
Gelasia psychrophila (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 58 (2020)
Name: Kälteliebende Schwarzwurzel (DE); Cold-loving Salsify (EN)
Distribution: Egypt (NE-Egypt); East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran, SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Kandahar); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
20 EGY 34 AFG EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera psychrophila Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 777 (1875)
species :
Gelasia ramosissima (DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 58 (2020)
Distribution: Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
33 AZE 34 IRN IRQ 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera eriosperma Aucher ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 125 (1838)
= Scorzonera ramosissima DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 125 (1838)
species :
Gelasia subaphylla (Boiss.) E.Hatami, N.Kilian & K.E.Jones; Frontiers Pl. Sci. (Online journal) 13-851716: 20 (2022)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Baltistan, Gilgit); India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)
34 IRN 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera subaphylla Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 8 (1846)
species :
Gelasia tuberosa (Pall.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian; PhytoKeys 137: 58 (2020)
Distribution: S-European Russia; E-European Russia; Kazakhstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
14 RUS 32 KAZ TZK 36 CHI 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Gelasia sericeolanata (Bunge) Sennikov; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan 393 (2021)
= Lasiospora tuberosa (Pall.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 25: 307 (1822)
= Scorzonera circumflexa subsp. oxiana Popov ex Tagaev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22: 233 (1985)
= Scorzonera oxiana Popov; nom. inval.
= Scorzonera rubroviolacea Godwinski; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R. 2: 72 (1964)
= Scorzonera sericeolanata (Bunge) Krasch. & Lipsch.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 43: 141 (1934)
= Scorzonera tuberosa Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. [Pallas] 3: 757 (1776)
= Scorzonera tuberosa var. canescens Bunge; Beitr. Fl. Russl. 200 (1852)
= Scorzonera tuberosa var. crispa Bunge; Beitr. Fl. Russl. 200 (1852)
= Scorzonera tuberosa var. sericeolanata Bunge; Beitr. Fl. Russl. 200 (1852)
species :
Gelasia veratrifolia (Fenzl) E.Hatami, N.Kilian & K.E.Jones; Frontiers Pl. Sci. (Online journal) 13-851716: 20 (2022)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Guneria bella (Lipsch.) Yıld.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 28(1-2): 130 (2021)
= Guneria veratrifolia (Fenzl) Yıld.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 28(1-2): 130 (2021)
= Lasiospora candidissima Sch.Bip.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 21(1): 166 (1845)
= Lasiospora veratrifolia (Fenzl) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 6: 347 (1847)
= Scorzonera bella Lipsch.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 22: 290 (1963)
= Scorzonera veratrifolia Fenzl; Flora 26: 399 (1843)
species :
Gelasia villosa (Scop.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 18: 286 (1827)
subspecies :
subsp. villosa
Distribution: C- & S-Italy; Sicily
13 ITA SIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera angustifolia Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 128, t. 122 (1805) non L. 1753
= Scorzonera dalmatica Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 391 (1831)
= Scorzonera graminifolia Port. ex Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 2: 107 (1847) non L. 1753
= Scorzonera hirsuta Pett. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 465 (1879)
= Scorzonera julia Vest; Flora 3: 6 (1820)
= Scorzonera sardoa Moris ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(2) (Cur. Post.): 347 (1827)
= Scorzonera villosa Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 97 (1771)
= Scorzonera hirsuta var. villosiformis Fiori & Paol.; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 411 (1904)
= Scorzonera villosiformis (Fiori & Paol.) F.Vierh.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 65: 66 (1915)
subspecies :
subsp. columnae (Guss.) Bartolucci, Galasso & F.Conti; Phytotaxa 437(5): 280 (2020)
Distribution: C- & S-Italy; Sicily
13 ITA SIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Podospermum columnae (Guss.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 111 (1838)
= Scorzonera columnae Guss.; Index Sem. (Boccadifalco) (1825), Pl. Rar. 321, t. 54
= Scorzonera villosa subsp. columnae (Guss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 465 (1879)
species :
Gelasia wendelboi (Rech.f.) E.Hatami, N.Kilian & K.E.Jones; Frontiers Pl. Sci. (Online journal) 13-851716: 20 (2022)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera wendelboi Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 122: 66, t. 41 (1977)
species :
Gelasia xylobasis (Rech.f.) E.Hatami, N.Kilian & K.E.Jones; Frontiers Pl. Sci. (Online journal) 13-851716: 20 (2022)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Scorzonera xylobasis Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 122: 66, t. 40 (1977)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.11 (Nov. 11th, 2025)

Covering 357,753 accepted species,
8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,
in total 1,419,578* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life