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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

131.0000 Family Orchidaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 64 (1789), nom. cons.
over 800 genera, more than 30.000 spp. worldwide, mostly tropical
Species listed in database: 30483; hybrids: 1409
= Apostasiaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl.: 22 (1833), nom. cons.
= Cypripediaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl.: 22 (1833)
= Limodoraceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam.: 44 (1847)
= Liparidaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 567 (1895)
= Neottiaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 50 (1834)
= Neuwiediaceae R.Dahlgren ex Reveal & Hoogland; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., ser. 4, sect. B Adansonia 13: 91 (1991)
= Ophrydaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 566 (1895)
= Pycnanthaceae Ravenna; Onira 12(6): 29 (2011)
= Vanillaceae Lindl.; Key Bot.: 73 (1835)
131.4328 Genus Gymnadenia R.Br.; Aiton, Hort. Kew 5: 191 (1813), s. str.
Distribution: Europe, northern Asia, China. See remarks under Nigritella. The genus is treated here in a strict sense, excluding Nigritella.
Species listed in database: 8; hybrids: 1
species :
Gymnadenia bicornis Tang & K.Y.Lang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 126 (1978)
Distribution: E- to SE-Tibet
36 TIB
species :
Gymnadenia borealis (Druce) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase; Lindleyana 12: 130 (1997)
Distribution: England; Scotland
10 GRB
Remarks: confirmed as valid species by Bateman et al. 2022
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. borealis (Druce) F.Rose; Watsonia 18(3): 319 (1991)
= Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. montana Bisse; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67: 187 (1963)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. borealis (Druce) Soó; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34 (1927)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. montana (Bisse) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 16 (3-4): 367 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Habenaria gymnadenia var. borealis Druce; Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 5: 172 (1918)
species :
Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R.Br.; Hort. Kew. ed. II 5: 191 (1813)
Name: Große Händelwurz
Distribution: England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, +Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; +Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; ?Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; European Russia (N-European Russia, C-European Russia, W-European Russia, E-European Russia); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Racha-Lechkhumi, Shiga Kartli, Kartli, Mtiuleti, Kakheti, Trialeti); Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); East Aegaean Isl.; N-Turkey; NW-Iran; China (SE-Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, N- & W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet (Zayü Xian); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 EAI IRN TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnadenia conopea (L.) Pérard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 17: 368 (1870), orth. var.
= Gymnadenia conopsea lusus albiflora (Zapal.) Zimm.; Form. Orch. Deut.: 64 (1912)
= Gymnadenia conopsea lusus leucantha (Schur) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 98 (1928)
= Gymnadenia conopsea proles pseudoconopsea (Gren.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 13: 99 (1912)
= Gymnadenia conopsea race pseudoconopea Rouy; 100 (1912)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. alba (M.Schulze) A.Siegel; 24 (1923)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. albiflora Hadac; 137 (1960)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. albiflora Moldenke; Lloydia 13: 222 (1950)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. albiflora Y.N.Lee; Fl. Korea, ed. 4: 1167 (2002), nom. illeg.
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. crenulata (Beck) M.Goldschm.; 286 (1908)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. crenulata (Beck) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 98 (1928), isonym
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. elatior Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 217 (1906)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. gracilis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 217 (1906)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. lapponica J.E.Zetterst.; Neuman, Sver. Fl.: 632 (1901)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. monticola Schur; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 20: 368 (1870)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. niphobia Engenst.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 18: 110 (1912)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. praecox (Schönh.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 97 (1928)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. quinquecrenata Krösche in Seeland; 65 (1929)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. serotina (Schönh.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 97 (1928)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. subdensiflora C.G.Westerl.; Bot. Not. 1906: 34 (1906)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. sublobata Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 218 (1906)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. transsilvanica Soó; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34 (1927)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. trifida (Zapal.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 98 (1928)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. unicuspis C.G.Westerl.; Bot. Not. 1906: 34 (1906)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. viridiflora L.Keller & H.Fleischm.in L.Keller; 458 (1908)
= Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. angustifolia (Asch. & Graebn.) W.Zimmerm.; Form. Orch. Deut. 64 (1912)
= Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. peloria (Foucault ex Poir.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 279 (1890)
= Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. serotina (Schönh.) Dworschak; Jahresber. Naturwiss. Vereins Wuppertal 55: 39 (2002)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. aestivalis W.Foelsche; Joannea Bot. 18: 217 (2022)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. alba Ducommun; 723 (1869)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. alba Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 205 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. albiflora Bolle; 27 (1865)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. albiflora Schur; 90 (1852), nom. inval.
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. albiflora Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 217 (1906)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. angustifolia Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 3: 814 (1906)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. caucasica Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 278 (1919)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. clavata Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 115 (1851)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. crenulata Beck; Fl. Nieder-Osterreich 1: 210 (1890)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. ecalcarata Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 115 (1851)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. euroalpina W.Foelsche; Joannea Bot. 18: 215 (2022)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. flavida Kurt.Wagner; Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 11: 49 (1982), no type.
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. inodora (Fr.) Arcang.; 652 (1882), nom. inval.
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. inodora Fr. ex Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 114 (1851)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. lapponica (J.E.Zetterst.) J.E.Zetterst.; Exsicc. (Herb. Norm.) 1908: no. 5177 (1908)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. latifolia Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 279 (1919)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. leucantha Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 644 (1866)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. platyphylla Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 114 (1851)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. praecox Schönh.; Taschenb. Fl. Thüringen 432 (1850)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. purpurea Ducommun; 723 (1869)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. serotina Schönh.; Taschenb. Fl. Thüringen 432 (1850)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. sibirica (Turcz. ex Lindl.) Rchb.f.; Icon. fl. germ. helv. 13/14: 145, tab. 73, fig. II (1851)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. spiralis Hesl.-Harr.; 89 (1917)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. trifida Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 217 (1906)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. ussuriensis Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 141 (1861)
= Gymnadenia ibukiensis Makino; Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, fasc. iv., vol. 18: t. 52 (1912), japonice. (1215)
= Gymnadenia pseudoconopsea (P.E.Parm.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 13: 99 (1912)
= Gymnadenia sibirica Turcz. ex Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 277 (1835)
= Gymnadenia taquetii Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 281 (1919)
= Gymnadenia wahlenbergii Afzel. ex Rchb.f.; Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 114 (1851), pro syn.
= Habenaria conopsea (L.) Benth.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 354 (1881), nom. illeg.
= Habenaria conopsea (L.) Druce; 296 (1886), isonym
= Habenaria gymnadenia Druce; Fl. Berks. 479 (1897)
= Habenaria gymnadenia var. spiralis Druce; 170 (1918)
= Orchis conopea Gras; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 9: 334 (1862)
= Orchis conopea var. albiflora Tinant; Fl. Luxemb. 442 (1836)
= Orchis conopea var. major Tinant; Fl. Luxemb. 442 (1836)
= Orchis conopsea L.; Sp. Pl. 942 (1753)
= Orchis peloria Foucard ex Poir.; Encycl. Suppl. 4: 179 (1816)
= Orchis pseudoconopea Gren.; Fl. Jurass. 2: 751 (1869)
= Orchis pseudoconopsea P.E.Parm.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 7: 343 (1894)
= Orchis setacea Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 482 (1792), opus utique oppr.
= Orchis suaveolens Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 7 (1796)
= Platanthera conopsea (L.) Schltr. ex Matsum.; Index Pl. Jap. 2(1): 258 (1905)
= Satyrium conopseum (L.) Wahlenb.; Fl. Suec.,ed. 2: 579 (1826)
variant :
var. alpina Rchb.f.; Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 115 (1851), et ex Beck, Fl. Nieder-Österreich 210 (1893)
Distribution: S-Germany; Austria; etc.
11 AUT GER
Remarks: sometimes considered a valid species, in which case the name G. ornithis would take priority
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnadenia alpina (Turcz. ex Rchb.f.) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R.: 310 (1981)
= Gymnadenia conopsea proles alpina (Turcz. ex Rchb.f.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 13: 100 (1912)
= Gymnadenia conopsea race alpina (Turcz. ex Rchb.f.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 3(5): 816 (1907)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. ornithis (Jacq.) Neuman; Sver. Fl.: 632 (1901)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. schurii Soó; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34 (1927)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. transsilvanica (Schur) Soó; 34 (1927)
= Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. alpina (Turcz. ex Rchb.f.) Janch. ex Soó; Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest Biol. 11: 60 (1969)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. alpina Schur; 90 (1852), nom. inval.
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. alpina Turcz.; 179 (1854), nom. illeg.
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. alpina Turcz. ex Rchb.f.; Icon. fl. germ. helv. 13/14: tab. 73 (1851)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. ornithis (Jacq.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 695 (1882)
= Gymnadenia ornithis (Jacq.) Rich.; Orch. Eur. Annot. (Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 57: 1818) 35 (1817)
= Gymnadenia transsilvanica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transs. 644 (1866)
= Gymnadenia vernalis Dworschak; Jahresber. Naturwiss. Vereins Wuppertal 55: 31 (2002)
= Orchis ornithis Jacq.; Fl. Austriac. 2: 23 (1774)
variant :
var. graminea (Dworschak) Kreutz; Ber. Arbeitskreis. Heimische Orchid. 32(2): 156 (2016)
Distribution: S-Germany; Austria; etc.
11 AUT GER
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnadenia graminea Dworschak; Jahresber. Naturwiss. Vereins Wuppertal 55: 42 (2002)
= Gymnadenia angustifolia (Ilse) M.Schulze; Gymnadenia conopea: [2], nom. inval. (1894), nom. illeg.
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. angustifolia Ilse; Fl. Mittelthüringen: 272 (1866), nom. illeg.
variant :
var. neglecta Vöth; Jour. Eur. Orch. 38(3): 599 (2006)
Distribution: Austria (Niederösterreich)
11 AUT
species :
Gymnadenia crassinervis Finet; Rev. Gén. Bot. 13: 514 (1902)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); E- & S-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnadenia crassinervis var. elatior Tang & F.T.Wang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 7: 131 (1936)
= Herminium chiwui Tang & F.T.Wang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 33 (1940)
species :
Gymnadenia densiflora (Wahlenb.) A.Dietr.; Allg. Gartenz. 7: 170 (1839)
subspecies :
subsp. densiflora
Name: Dichtblütige Händelwurz (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, NI? Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, +Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Estonia; Siberia (W-Siberia); etc.
11 AUT CZE GER SLO SWI 13 BIH CRO 14 EST 30 SIB
Remarks: genetically distinct from G. conopsea
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnadenia anisoloba Peterm.; Deutsch. Fl. ed. 2: 548 (1895)
= Gymnadenia conopsea proles densiflora (Wahlenb.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 13: 99 (1912)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. densiflora (Wahlenb.) Neuman; Sver. Fl.: 632 (1901)
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. elongata Hudziok; 707 (1963)
= Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. densiflora (Wahlenb.) E.G.Camus; Icon. Orchid. Eur. 383 (1928), isonym
= Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. densiflora (Wahlenb.) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur. 463 (1910), isonym
= Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. densiflora (Wahlenb.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 279 (1890)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. bieczensis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 218 (1906)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. densiflora (Wahlenb.) Aver.; Turczaninowia 3(1): 47 (2000), isonym
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. densiflora (Wahlenb.) Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl.: 328 (1820)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. densiflora (Wahlenb.) Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 276 (1835), isonym
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. odorata (Dworschak) Kreutz; Ber. Arbeitskreis. Heimische Orchid. 32(2): 156 (2016)
= Gymnadenia densiflora var. candida G.Foelsche & W.Foelsche; J. Eur. Orchid. 31(4): 804 (1999)
= Gymnadenia splendida Dworschak; Jahresber. Naturwiss. Vereins Wuppertal 55: 35 (2002)
= Gymnadenia splendida subsp. odorata Dworschak; Jahresber. Naturwiss. Vereins Wuppertal 55: 37 (2002)
= Gymnadenia splendida var. odorata (Dworschak) W.Foelsche; Joannea Bot. 18: 215 (2022)
= Habenaria gymnadenia var. densiflora (Wahlenb.) Druce; Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 5: 170 (1918)
= Orchis conopsea var. densiflora Wahlenb.; Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 27: 68 (1806)
= Orchis densiflora (Wahlenb.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. 2: 505 (1807)
= Satyrium conopseum var. densiflorum (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb.; Fl. Suec. 2: 558 (1826)
subspecies :
subsp. friesica (Schltr.) R.M.Bateman & Denholm; Syst. Biodivers. 19(6): 592 (2021)
Distribution: ?England; Netherlands; NW-Germany
11 GER NET
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnadenia conopsea f. friesica (Schltr.) Soó; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Sonderbeih. A 13: 275 (1933)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. friesica Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 279 (1919)
= Gymnadenia densiflora var. friesica (Schltr.) L.Lewis; J. Eur. Orch. 47(2-4): 297 (2015)
species :
Gymnadenia emeiensis K.Y.Lang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20(2): 182 (1982)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Gymnadenia odoratissima (L.) Rich.; Orch. Eur. Annot. (Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 57 (1818) 35 (1817)
Name: Duft-Händelwurz, Wohlriechende Händelwurz (DE)
Distribution: S-Sweden; Ireland; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], +Saarland, +Sachsen, +Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; N-Spain; France; N-Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Romania; Greece; Estonia; Lithuania; +Belarus; ?Moldova; Ukraine; European Russia (C-European Russia)
10 IRE SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 BIH CRO GRC ITA ROM SLV 14 BLR EST LIT RUS UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. bicolor Hesl.-Harr.; 89 (1917)
= Gymnadenia heteroglossa (Rchb.f.) E.G.Camus; E. G. Camus et al., Monogr. Orchid.: 336 (1908)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima lusus alba Zimm.; Form. Orch. Deut.: 66 (1912)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima f. borealis (Rchb.f.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 96 (1928)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima f. carpathica (Simonk.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 96 (1928)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima f. stenostachya (Schltr.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 96 (1928)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima subsp. suaveolens (Vill.) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 463 (1910)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima var. borealis Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 112 (1851)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima var. carpathica Simonk.; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 502 (1886)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima var. ecalcarata Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 112 (1851)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima var. heteroglossa Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 112 (1851)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima var. idea Goiran; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 15: 26 (1883)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima var. macrocheilea Westerl.; Bot. Not. 1863: 147 (1863)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima var. stenostachya Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 277 (1919)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima var. suaveolens (Rchb.f.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 695 (1882)
= Gymnadenia rhodopea Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Ver. Brünn 36: 42 (1897)
= Gymnadenia suaveolens Rchb.f.; Bonplandia (Hannover) 4: 321 (1856)
= Habenaria gymnadenia var. bicolor Druce; 171 (1918)
= Habenaria odoratissima (L.) Franch.; Fl. Cher-et-Loire, 578 (1885)
= Orchis conopsea subsp. odoratissima (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 311 (1894)
= Orchis erubescens Zucc.; Syll. Pl. Nov. 5: 10 (1824) ex Lindl., Gen. & Sp. Orch. 277 (1835)
= Orchis odoratissima L.; Syst. ed. 10: 1243 (1759)
= Satyrium odoratissimum (L.) Wahlenb.; Fl. Suec., ed. 2: 578 (1826)
variant :
var. idae Goiran; Nuovo Giorn. bot. Ital. 15: 26 (1883)
Distribution: S-Germany; Switzerland; Austria; SE-France; etc.
11 AUT GER SWI 12 FRA
Remarks: alpine variety
variant :
var. pyrenaica (Philippe) P.Delforge; Naturalistes Belges 81(4): 397 (2000), et 85: 251 (2004)
Distribution: NE-Spain; SW-France (Pyrenees)
12 FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnadenia conopsea proles pyrenaica (Philippe) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 13: 100 (1912)
= Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. pyrenaica (Philippe) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur. 463 (1910), isonym
= Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. pyrenaica (Philippe) Giraudias; Bull. Soc. Etudes Sci. Angers 58 (1890)
= Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. pyrenaica (Philippe) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 279 (1890)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. pyrenaica (Philippe) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 695 (1882)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima subsp. longicalcarata C.E.Hermos. & Sabando; Estud. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Alava 10-11: 123 (1995 publ. 1996)
= Gymnadenia odoratissima subsp. pyrenaica (Philippe) Moreno Mor., Rodr.Berd. & Carlón; Naturalia Cantabricae 8(Especial): 94 (2020)
= Gymnadenia pyrenaica (Philippe) Giraudias; J. Bot. (Morot) 6: 479 (1892)
= Orchis pyrenaica Philippe; Fl. Pyren. 2: 354 (1859) ex Giraudias, Bull. Soc. Etud. Sci. Angers (1890) 115
species :
Gymnadenia orchidis Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 278 (1835)
Distribution: China (SE-Gansu, W-Hubei, S-Qinghai, S-Shaanxi, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; N-Pakistan (Hazara); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. yunnanensis Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 105 (1919)
= Gymnadenia cylindrostachya Lindl.; (ex Wall., Cat. 241, n. 7056 (1832), nom. nud.), Gen. & Sp. Orch. 278 (1835)
= Gymnadenia delavayi Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 282 (1919)
= Gymnadenia habenarioides (King & Pantl.) Verm.; Jahresber. Naturwiss. Ver. Wuppertal 25: 33 (1972)
= Gymnadenia himalayica Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 283 (1919)
= Gymnadenia microgymnadenia (Kraenzl.) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 282 (1919)
= Gymnadenia nivea Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 280 (1835), nom. illeg.
= Gymnadenia orchidis (Lindl.) Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 278 (1835)
= Gymnadenia orchidis var. pantlingii Renz; Edinburgh J. Bot. 58(1): 112 (2001)
= Gymnadenia ornithia Spreng.; Syst. 3: 693 (1826)
= Gymnadenia souliei Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 284 (1919)
= Gymnadenia violacea Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 278 (1835)
= Habenaria microgymnadenia Kraenzl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: Beibl. 82: 23 (1905)
= Habenaria orchidis (Lindl.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 6: 142 (1890)
= Habenaria stoliczkae Kraenzl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 215 (1892)
= Orchis cylindrostachya (Lindl.) Kraenzl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 197 (1908)
= Orchis habenarioides King & Pantl.; Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 8: 302, t. 401 (1898), nom. illeg.
= Peristylus orchidis (Lindl.) Kraenzl.; Orch. Gen. & Sp. 1: 515 (1898)
= Platanthera orchidis Lindl. ex Wall.; Numer. List. 240, n. 7039 (1832), nomen
species :
Gymnadenia ×intermedia Peterm.; Flora Bienitz 30 (1841)
Distribution: Germany; Czech Republic; Slovakia; SE-France; Bosnia & Hercegovina; European Russia; etc.
11 CZE GER SLO 12 FRA 13 BIH 14 RUS
Remarks: Gymnadenia conopsea x Gymnadenia odoratissima
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. intermedia (Peterm.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 279 (1890)
= Gymnadenia conopsea var. intermedia (Peterm.) Nyman; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 115 (1851)
= Gymnadenia ×gracillima Schur; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 21: 44 (1871)
= Gymnadenia ×hybrida Rouy; 101 (1912), nom. illeg.
= Gymnadenia ×hybrida Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 644 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Gymnadenia ×intermedia nothosubsp. proxima C.E.Hermos.; Estud. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Álava 13: 143 (1998)
= Gymnadenia ×pseudoconopsea (Gren.) Gren. ex Nyman; Consp. 695 (1882)
= Gymnadenia ×sabandoi C.E.Hermos.; Estud. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Álava 15: 195 (2000)
= Gymnadenia ×zardinii Pamp.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 23: 14 (1947)
= Orchis ×pseudoconopsea Gren.; Fl. Ch. Jurass. 751 (1869)
= Orchis ×pseudoconopsea Parm.; Bull. Ser. hist. nat. Autun 7: 343 (1894), nom. illeg.
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life