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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

181.0000 Family Berberidaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 286 (1789), nom. cons.
16-19 genera, ca. 680 spp. Phylogeny: Hsieh et al. (2023)
Species listed in database: 710; hybrids: 11
= Diphylleiaceae Schultz Sch.; Nat. Syst. Pflanzenr.: 328 (1832)
= Epimediaceae Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan.: 122 (1839)
= Leonticaceae Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 263 (1965)
= Nandinaceae Horan.; Prim. Linn. Syst. Nat.: 90 (1834)
= Podophyllaceae DC.; Syst. Nat. [DC.] 1: 126 (1817), nom. cons.
= Ranzaniaceae Takht.; Bot. Zhurn (Moscow & Leningrad) 79(1): 96 (1994)
181.2202 Genus Gymnospermium Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. Phan. 8: 66 (1839)
Distribution: Southeast Europe, West, Middle, and C- Asia
Species listed in database: 11
species :
Gymnospermium alberti (Regel) Takht.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 55: 1192 (1970)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Leontice alberti Regel; Gartenflora 30: 293 (1881)
species :
Gymnospermium altaicum (Pall.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. Phan. 8: 67 (1839)
Distribution: Romania; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang)
13 ROM 14 KRY UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Leontice altaica Pall.; Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 2: 59 (1779)
= Leontice alpina Halácsy; Denkschr. Akad. Wien 61: 493 (1894)
species :
Gymnospermium darwasicum (Regel) Takht.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 55: 1192 (1970)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Leontice alberti subsp. darwasica (Regel) Kamelin; Fl. Ushchel. Reki Varzob 140 (2021)
= Leontice darwasica Regel; Act. Hort. Petrop. 8: 692 (1884)
species :
Gymnospermium kiangnanensis (P.L.Chiu) Loconte; Canad. J. Bot. 67(8): 2315 (1989)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Leontice kiangnanensis P.L.Chiu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 96 (1980)
species :
Gymnospermium microrrhynchum (S.Moore) Takht.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 55: 1192 (1970)
Distribution: China (Jilin, Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea
36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Leontice microrrhyncha S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 17: 377 (1879)
= Gymnospermium microrrhynchum var. venosa S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 17: 378 (1879)
= Leontice microrrhincha f. venosa (S.Moore) Kitag.; Neo-Lineam. Fl. Manshur.: 317 (1979)
species :
Gymnospermium odessanum (DC.) Takht.; Bot. Zurn. 55: 1192 (1970)
Distribution: Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea
14 KRY MLD UKR
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnospermium altaicum subsp. odessanum (DC.) E.Mayer & Pulevic; Willdenowia 13: 278 (1984)
= Leontice altaica var. odessana DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 26 (1821)
= Leontice odessana (DC.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 119 (1831)
species :
Gymnospermium peloponnesiacum (Phitos) Strid; Phytol. Balcan. 15: 338 (2009)
Distribution: Greece (N-Peloponnisos, SE-Peloponnisos, SC-Greece)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnospermium altaicum subsp. peloponnesiacum Phitos; Fl. Hellenica 2: 81 (2002)
species :
Gymnospermium scipetarum Papar. & Qosja ex E.Mayer & Pulevic; Willdenowia 13(2): 278 (1983) (1984)
subspecies :
subsp. scipetarum
Distribution: Montenegro; North Macedonia; Albania
13 ALB MNT NMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnospermium altaicum subsp. scipetarum (E.Mayer & Pulevic) Kit Tan & Mullaj; Endemic Pl. Greece, Peloponnese 138 (2001)
= Gymnospermium shqipetarum Papar. & Qosja; Buletin Shkenc. Nat. 30(2): 95 (1976)
= Gymnospermium maloi Kit Tan & Shuka; Phytotaxa 25: 3 (2011)
subspecies :
subsp. eddae Rosati, Farris, Fascetti & Selvi; Pl. Biosystems 153(6): 805 (2018)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
species :
Gymnospermium silvaticum (Freitag) Takht.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57(10): 1277 (1972)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Nangarhar)
32 TZK 34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Leontice silvatica Freitag; Bot. Jahrb. 91(4): 473 (1972)
= Gymnospermium sylvaticum (Freitag) Browicz; Fl. Iranica 101: 9 (1973), isonym
species :
Gymnospermium smirnovii (Trautv.) Takht.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 55: 1193 (1970)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Leontice smirnowii Trautv.; Act. Hort. Petrop. 7: 405 (1880)
species :
Gymnospermium vitellinum M.Král; Preslia 53(1): 67 (1981)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life