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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

182.0000 Family Ranunculaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 231 (1789), nom. cons.
52 genera, ca. 3700 spp.
Species listed in database: 3817; hybrids: 89
= Aconitaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 216 (1820)
= Actaeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 1(16-53): 2, 140 (1823)
= Anemonaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 264, 275 (1818)
= Aquilegiaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 375, 861, 979 (1870)
= Calthaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 92 (1820)
= Cimicifugaceae Bromhead; Mag. Nat. Hist., n. s. 4: 336, 338 (1840)
= Clematidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 134 (1820)
= Delphiniaceae Brenner; Florist. Handb.: 52 (1886)
= Glaucidiaceae M.Tamura; Bot. Mag (Tokyo) 85: 40 (1972)
= Helleboraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 264, 274 (1818)
= Hydrastidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 318 (1820)
= Nigellaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 76 (1858)
= Thalictraceae Raf.; Anal. Nat.: 176 (1815)
= Xanthorhizaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 1(16-53): 2, 145 (1823)
182.5305 Genus Hepatica Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4., Druce in Rep. Bot. Exch. Cl. Brit. Isles,1913 3: 432 (1754)
Distribution: Temperate Northern Hemisphere, N-Mediterranean from Spain to Balkan Peninsula, Middle Asia, America (2)
Species listed in database: 9; hybrids: 1
species :
Hepatica acutiloba DC.; Prod. 1: 22 (1824)
Name: Sharplobe hepatica
Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: status still disputed (variety of H. nobilis or bona species
Synonyms: hidden
= Anemone acuta Vail ex Britton; Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 2: 42 (1890)
= Anemone acutiloba (DC.) G.Lawson; Proc. & Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada 2(4): 30 (1884)
= Anemone hepatica var. acuta (Pursh) Pritz.; Linnaea 15: 691 (1842)
= Hepatica acuta (Pursh) Britton; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 6: 234 (1891)
= Hepatica acutiloba f. albiflora R.Hoffm.; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 268 (1922)
= Hepatica acutiloba f. diversiloba Raymond; Naturaliste Canad. 77: 56 (1950)
= Hepatica acutiloba f. rosea R.Hoffm.; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 268 (1922)
= Hepatica acutiloba var. variegata Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 56 (1928)
= Hepatica americana var. acuta (Pursh) Mabuchi & J.Massey; World Hepat. 58 (2022)
= Hepatica hepatica var. albiflora (R.Hoffm.) Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17: 169 (1916)
= Hepatica nobilis f. acutiloba (DC.) Beck; Wiener Ill. Gart.-Zeitung 21: 349 (1896)
= Hepatica nobilis f. albiflora (R.Hoffm.) Steyerm.; Rhodora 62: 232 (1960)
= Hepatica nobilis f. rosea (R.Hoffm.) Steyerm.; Rhodora 62: 232 (1960)
= Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm.; Rhodora 62: 232 (1960)
= Hepatica triloba var. acuta Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 391 (1813 (1814))
= Hepatica triloba var. acutiloba (DC.) R.Warner
species :
Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker Gawl.; Bot. Reg. t. 387 (1819)
Name: Roundlobe hepatica
Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: status still disputed (variety of H. nobilis or bona species
Synonyms: hidden
= Anemone americana (DC.) H.Hara; Journ. Jap. Bot. 33: 271 (1958), in adnot., Hultén in K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., Ser. 4, 7: No. 1, 262 (1958)
= Anemonoides americana (DC.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: 165 (1973)
= Hepatica americana f. cahnae Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 97 (1924)
= Hepatica americana f. candida Fernald; Rhodora 19: 46 (1917)
= Hepatica americana f. purpurea (Farw.) Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 97 (1924)
= Hepatica americana f. rhodantha Fernald; Rhodora 19: 46 (1917)
= Hepatica americana var. maculata Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 56 (1928)
= Hepatica americana var. parviflora (Farw.) Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 97 (1924)
= Hepatica hepatica var. parviflora Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17: 169 (1916)
= Hepatica hepatica var. purpurea Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17: 169 (1916)
= Hepatica nobilis f. cahnae (Farw.) Steyerm.; Rhodora 62: 232 (1960)
= Hepatica nobilis f. candida (Fernald) Steyerm.; Rhodora 62: 232 (1960)
= Hepatica nobilis f. obtusa (Pursh) Beck; Wiener Ill. Gart.-Zeitung 21: 349 (1896)
= Hepatica nobilis f. purpurea (Farw.) Steyerm.; Rhodora 62: 232 (1960)
= Hepatica nobilis f. rhodantha (Fernald) Steyerm.; Rhodora 62: 232 (1960)
= Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm.; Rhodora 62: 232 (1960)
= Hepatica triloba var. americana DC.; Syst. Nat. [DC.] 1: 216 (1817)
= Hepatica triloba var. obtusa Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 391 (1813 (1814)
species :
Hepatica asiatica Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 13(5): 307, 309-310 (1937)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Anhui, Henan, Liaoning, SE-Shaanxi, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
Remarks: status still disputed (variety of H. nobilis or bona species)
Synonyms: hidden
= Anemone hepatica f. magna M.Hiroe; Forest Pl. Hist. Jap. Islands 1: 145 (1974)
= Anemone hepatica f. nipponica (Nakai) Ohwi
= Anemone hepatica f. variegata (Makino) H.Hara
= Anemone hepatica var. asiatica (Nakai) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 33(9): 273 (1958)
= Anemone hepatica var. japonica (Nakai) Ohwi; Fl. Jap. (Ohwi) 518 (1953)
= Anemone hepatica var. nipponica (Nakai) M.Hiroe; Forest Pl. Hist. Jap. Islands 1: 145 (1974)
= Anemone hepatica var. pubescens M.Hiroe; Forest Pl. Hist. Jap. Islands 1: 145 (1974)
= Hepatica asiatica f. acutiloba Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 13: 310 (1937)
= Hepatica asiatica f. obtusiloba Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 13: 310 (1937)
= Hepatica asiatica f. yuseongii (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 518 (2017)
= Hepatica asiatica var. yuseongii Y.N.Lee; Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 7: 8 (2007)
= Hepatica japonica (Nakai) Mabuchi & J.Massey; World Hepat. 112 (2022)
= Hepatica japonica f. candida Mabuchi & J.Massey; World Hepat. 112 (2022)
= Hepatica japonica f. lutea (Kadota) Mabuchi & J.Massey; World Hepat. 112 (2022)
= Hepatica japonica f. magna (M.Hiroe) Mabuchi & J.Massey; World Hepat. 112 (2022)
= Hepatica japonica f. variegata (Makino) Mabuchi & J.Massey; World Hepat. 112 (2022)
= Hepatica japonica f. zaoensis (Ohno & S.Tsuru) Mabuchi & J.Massey; World Hepat. 112 (2022)
= Hepatica japonica var. nipponica (Nakai) Mabuchi & J.Massey; World Hepat. 112 (2022)
= Hepatica japonica var. pubescens (M.Hiroe) Mabuchi & J.Massey; World Hepat. 112 (2022)
= Hepatica nobilis f. japonica (Nakai) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 86: 232 (2011)
= Hepatica nobilis f. lutea Kadota; Fl. Japan 2a: 297 (2006)
= Hepatica nobilis f. magna M.Hiroe; Forest Pl. History Jap. Isl. 1: 145 (1974)
= Hepatica nobilis f. pubescens (M.Hiroe) Kadota; Fl. Japan 2a: 297 (2006)
= Hepatica nobilis f. zaoensis Ohno & S.Tsuru; Wild Orchids Japan 9: 77 (2016)
= Hepatica nobilis var. asiatica (Nakai) H.Hara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6(2): 51 (1952)
= Hepatica nobilis var. japonica Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 13: 307 (1937)
= Hepatica nobilis var. nipponica (Nakai) M.Hiroe; Forest Pl. History Jap. Isl. 1: 145 (1974)
= Hepatica nobilis var. nipponica Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 13: 306 (1937)
= Hepatica nobilis var. pubescens (M.Hiroe) M.Hiroe; Forest Pl. History Jap. Isl. 1: 145 (1974)
= Hepatica triloba f. variegata Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 6(8): E17 (1929)
species :
Hepatica falconeri (Thomson) Steward; Rhodora 29: 53 (1927)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Pakistan (Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Azad Kashmir); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Anemone falconeri Thomson; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 899 (1852)
= Hepatica falconeri (Thomson) Juz.; Komarov, Fl. URSS 7: 284 (1937), isonym
species :
Hepatica henryi (Oliv.) Steward; Rhodora 29: 53 (1927)
Distribution: China (W-Hubei, N-Hunan, Shanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Anemone henryi Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 16: t. 1570 (1887)
= Anemone yamatutai (Nakai) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 33(9): 271-272 (1958)
= Hepatica henryi f. pleniflora Xiao D.Li & J.Q.Li; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 31(11): 2333 (2011)
= Hepatica yamatutae Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 13(5): 311-312, f. 14 (1937)
species :
Hepatica insularis Nakai; Journ. Jap. Bot. 13: 237, 308 (1937)
Distribution: South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.)
38 KOR
species :
Hepatica maxima (Nakai) Nakai; Rep. Veg. Ooryongto 19 (1919)
Distribution: South Korea (Ulleung Isl.)
38 KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anemone maxima Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 31: 27 (1917)
= Hepatica asiatica var. maxima (Nakai) M.Park
species :
Hepatica nobilis Schreb.; Spic. Fl. Lips.: 39 (1771)
Name: Gewöhnliches Leberblümchen (DE)
Distribution: Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Siberia (W-Siberia)
10 DEN FIN NOR SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN LIE POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT MLD RUS 30 SIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Anemone angulosa Lam.; Encycl. 1: 169 (1783)
= Anemone hepatica f. alba (Gürke) Hegi; 529 (1912)
= Anemone hepatica f. marmorata (T.Moore) Hegi; 529 (1912)
= Anemone hepatica f. striata Evers ex Murr; 12 (1899)
= Anemone hepatica L.; Sp. Pl. 538 (1753) (syn. subst.)
= Anemone hepatica subsp. alba Gürke; K. Richt., 478 (1890)
= Anemone hepatica subsp. rhaetica Murr; 114 (1923)
= Anemone hepatica var. glabrata Kindb.; 223 (1861)
= Anemone praecox Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 371 (1796)
= Anemone triloba (Chaix) Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. iii. 243 (1812)
= Hepatica alba Mill.; Hepatica no. 3 (1768), nom. inval.
= Hepatica anemonoides Vest; Man. Bot.: 806 (1805)
= Hepatica angulosa (Lam.) DC.; Syst. Nat. 1: 217 (1817)
= Hepatica hepatica (L.) Britton; Am. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 6: 233 (1891)
= Hepatica hepatica (L.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. (H. Karst.) 559 (1882)
= Hepatica nobilis Mill.; Hepatica no. 1 (1768), nom. inval.
= Hepatica plena Mill.; Hepatica no. 2 (1768), nom. inval.
= Hepatica rhaetica Brügger; Jahresber Naturf. Ges. Graubündens [Fl. Curiensis] 17: 86 (1874), nom. inval.
= Hepatica rubra Mill.; Hepatica no. 5 (1768), nom. inval.
= Hepatica triloba Chaix; Pl. Vap.: 32 (1785) (nom. illeg.)
= Hepatica triloba f. albiflora Zapal.; 193 (1909)
= Hepatica triloba f. subquinqueloba Zapal.; 193 (1909)
= Hepatica triloba f. tetraphylla Zapal.; 193 (1909)
= Hepatica triloba var. seretensis Zapal.; 193 (1909)
= Hepatica vulgaris Mill.; Hepatica no. 4 (1768), nom. inval.
species :
Hepatica transsilvanica Fuss; Verh. Siebenb. Ver. Naturw. 1: 83 (1850)
Name: Siebenbürger Leberblümchen (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia; C-Romania
11 ger SLO 13 ROM
Synonyms: hidden
= Anemone transsilvanica (Fuss) Heuff.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 42 (1858)
= Anemone transsilvanica f. acerifolia Kárpáti; 24 (1940)
= Anemone transsilvanica f. obtusata Kárpáti; 24 (1940)
= Anemone transsilvanica f. pseudomedia Kárpáti; 24 (1940)
= Hepatica multiloba Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 1: 116 (1850)
species :
Hepatica ×media Simonk.; Enum. Fl. Transsilv. (1886) 38, et in Termesz. Fuzet. 10: 179 (1886)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia; C-Romania; etc.
11 ger SLO 13 ROM
Remarks: Hepatica nobilis x transsilvanica
Synonyms: hidden
= Anemone ×media (Simonk.) Karpati; Bot. Közl. 37: 22, cum descr. ampl. (1940)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life