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458.0000 Family Caprifoliaceae Adans.; Fam. Pl. 2: 153 (1763), nom. cons.
32-37 genera, ca. 1100 spp. Phylogeny see Lee et al. 2021, Wang et al. 2025
Species listed in database: 1083; hybrids: 34
= Diervillaceae Pyck; Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Dipsacaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 194 (1789), nom. cons.
= Linnaeaceae Backlund; Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Loniceraceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024), nom. illeg.
= Loniceraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 272, 296 (1818)
= Loniceropsida Brongn.; Enum. Pl. Mus. Paris: xvii, 47 (1843)
= Morinaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 88 (1820)
= Scabiosaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 563 (1820)
= Triplostegiaceae A.E.Bobrov ex Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 269 (1965)
= Valerianaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 227 (1802) nom. cons.
458.6704 Genus Knautia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 101 (1753)
Distribution: Temperate Europe, Mediterranean, W-Asia; Caucasus, Siberia (W-Siberia), Middle Asia. Taxonomy especially in SE-Europe highly complex and disputed, involving recent radiation and lots of hybrids.
Species listed in database: 59; hybrids: 11
= Lychniscabiosa Fabr.; Enum. [Fabricius] 90 (1759), nom. superfl.
= Thlasidia Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 96 (1838)
= Trichera Schrad. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 54 (1818)
species :
Knautia adriatica Ehrend.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 40 (1975)
Distribution: Croatia (Zadar, Sibenik)
13 CRO
Remarks: dalmatica agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera adriatica (Ehrend.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 197 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia albanica Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 125 (1902)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; N-Albania
13 ALB BIH
Remarks: albanica agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera albanica (Briq.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 197 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia ambigua (Friv.) Boiss. & Orph.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(6): 95 (1859)
Distribution: SE-Serbia; S-North Macedonia; C-Bulgaria; Greece (N- & NE-Greece)
13 BUL GRC NMA SRB
Remarks: arvensis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia ochroleuca Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 129 (1875)
= Scabiosa ambigua Friv.; Flora 19: 438 (1836), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa frivaldskyi Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 525 (1841), nom. inval.
= Trichera ambigua (Boiss. & Orph.) Nyman; Suppl. Syll. Fl. Eur. 14 (1865)
species :
Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult.; Mém. Dipsac. 41 (1823)
subspecies :
subsp. arvensis
Name: Wiesen-Witwenblume (DE), Field Scabious (EN)
Distribution: Iceland [I]; Faeroe Isl. [I]; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Orkney Isl. [I], +Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Sark); Italy; +San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East [I] (Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Pakistan [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Montana [I], North Dakota [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Dakota [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Argentina [I]
10 DEN FIN for GRB ice IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ 33 NCS 40 pak 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 85 arg
Remarks: arvensis agg. There might be more cryptic species in this highly variable complex. The nominate subspecies is tetraploid.
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisodens arvensis (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 465 (1867)
= Columbaria pratensis Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 401 (1868)
= Knautia alboi Sennen; Anuari Junta Ci. Nat. Barcelona 2: 644 (1917)
= Knautia alpigena Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 297 (1866)
= Knautia arvensis proles timeroyi (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 109 (1903)
= Knautia arvensis f. campestris (Besser) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 703 (1914)
= Knautia arvensis f. ceretanica (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 54 (1979)
= Knautia arvensis f. integrifolia (Coult.) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl. 513 (1918)
= Knautia arvensis f. pinnata (A.F.Schwarz) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 703 (1914)
= Knautia arvensis f. pratensis (F.W.Schmidt) Szabó; 227 (1911)
= Knautia arvensis subsp. collina (Duby) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 60 (1922)
= Knautia arvensis subsp. meridionalis (Briq.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 54 (1979)
= Knautia arvensis subsp. polymorpha (Szabó) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1(1): 118 (1949)
= Knautia arvensis subsp. pratensis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 108 (1903)
= Knautia arvensis var. agrestis Murr; Neue Übers. Bl.-Pfl. Vorarlberg Liechtenstein 3(1): 302 (1924)
= Knautia arvensis var. alboi (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 55 (1979)
= Knautia arvensis var. campestris (Andrz. ex Besser) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 344 (1835)
= Knautia arvensis var. canescens Coult.; Mém. Dipsac. 29 (1823)
= Knautia arvensis var. collina Duby; Bot. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 257 (1828)
= Knautia arvensis var. eradiata Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 72 (1879)
= Knautia arvensis var. glandulifera W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 3: 1: 294 (1856)
= Knautia arvensis var. integrifolia (Opiz) Ortmann; Elbogn. Kreis Königr. Böhm. [Glückselig] 86 (1842)
= Knautia arvensis var. integrifolia Coult.; Mém. Dipsac. 29 (1823)
= Knautia arvensis var. involucrata (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 55 (1979)
= Knautia arvensis var. jasionea Borbás; Acta Inst. Bot. Koloszvár 1: 75 (1904)
= Knautia arvensis var. ligerina Tourlet; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 50: 309 (1903)
= Knautia arvensis var. pinnata A.F.Schwarz; Abh. Naturhist. Ges. Nürnberg 12, Beil. 1 [Phan.-Fl. Nürnberg-Erlangen]: 376 (1899)
= Knautia arvensis var. pratensis Murr; Neue Übers. Bl.-Pfl. Vorarlberg Liechtenstein 3(1): 302 (1924)
= Knautia bohemica (F.W.Schmidt) Willk.; Führer Deut. Pfl. 347 (1882)
= Knautia borderei Szabó; Math. Term. Közlem. 31(1): 378 (1911)
= Knautia campestris (Andrz. ex Besser) Fritsch; Excursionsfl. Oesterreich 539 (1897), in adnot.
= Knautia ceretana Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 652 (1927)
= Knautia communis Godr.; Fl. Lorraine 2: 322 (1843)
= Knautia communis subsp. arvensis Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 268 (1871), nom. illeg.
= Knautia cousturieri Sennen & Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 138 (1934)
= Knautia cousturieri var. pinnatipartita Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 27: 186 (1929)
= Knautia cupularis Janka & Simonk. ex Simonk.; Enum. Fl. Transsilv. (1886). 294
= Knautia exaltata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 296 (1866)
= Knautia glandulifera (W.D.J.Koch) Borbás; Magyar Tud. Akad. Értes. 16(1): 9 (1882)
= Knautia hirsuta (Lapeyr.) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 107: 137 (1960)
= Knautia indivisa Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 316 (1857)
= Knautia involucrata Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 652 (1926 publ. 1927), nom. illeg.
= Knautia kitaibelii subsp. alpigena (Schur) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 251 (1965)
= Knautia leucophaea Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 75 (1902)
= Knautia neglecta F.Meurer; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 27: 366 (1877)
= Knautia purpurea subsp. timeroyi (Jord.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 899 (1939)
= Knautia rigidiuscula Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 354 (1894), nom. illeg.
= Knautia rigidiuscula var. veneta Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 354 (1894)
= Knautia subacaulis Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 295 (1866)
= Knautia subscaposa subsp. alboi (Sennen) Molero, L.Sáez & Vallv.; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 64: 66 (1996 publ. 1997)
= Knautia subscaposa subsp. saetabensis Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Montiber. 58: 26 (2014)
= Knautia subscaposa var. alboi (Sennen) Devesa, Ortega Oliv. & J.López; Acta Bot. Malac. 28: 210 (2003)
= Knautia timeroyi Jord.; Index Sem. (Dijon) 1848: 25 (1848)
= Knautia variabilis F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. France Allem. [F.W.Schultz] 67 (1844)
= Knautia variabilis var. arvensis (L.) F.W.Schultz; Fl. Pfalz [F.W.Schultz] 216 (1845), nom. illeg.
= Knautia vulgaris Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 379 (1843), nom. illeg.
= Knautia vulgaris var. arvensis (L.) Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 379 (1843), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa agrestis F.W.Schmidt; Fl. Boëm., Cent. 3: 77 (1794)
= Scabiosa alpigena Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 962 (1866)
= Scabiosa arvensis f. glabrescens Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 1: 113 (1827)
= Scabiosa arvensis f. tomentosa Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 1: 113 (1827)
= Scabiosa arvensis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 99 (1753)
= Scabiosa arvensis subsp. collina (Duby) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg, 1. Aufl.: 96 (1834)
= Scabiosa arvensis subsp. vulgaris (DC.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg, 1. Aufl.: 96 (1834)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. agrestis Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 131 (1809)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. bohemica (F.W.Schmidt) Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 131 (1809)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. collina Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 131 (1809)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. flosculosa Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 390 (1828)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. heterophylla Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. 40 (1824)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. homoiphylla Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. 40 (1824)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. hybrida Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 53 (1812)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. integrifolia Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 477 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. integrifolia J.Becker; Fl. Frankfurt 1: 317 (1827)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. integrifolia Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 1: 113 (1827)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. laciniata Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 389 (1828)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. ochroleuca Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 390 (1828)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. pinnatifida Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 1: 113 (1827)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. pratensis Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 131 (1809)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. radiata Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 132 (1809)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. serrata Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 1: 113 (1827)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. simpliciflora Lej.; Rev. Fl. Spa 33 (1825)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. stricta Seidl ex Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 132 (1809)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. trivialis Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 131 (1809)
= Scabiosa bellidifolia Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 347 (1779)
= Scabiosa bohemica F.W.Schmidt; Fl. Boëm., Cent. 3: 79 (1794)
= Scabiosa campestris Andrz. ex Besser; Enum. Pl. [Besser] 7 (1822)
= Scabiosa canescens DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 651 (1830), nom. inval.
= Scabiosa collina F.W.Schmidt; Fl. Boëm., Cent. 3: 78 (1794)
= Scabiosa dubia Moench; Enum. Pl. Hass. 62 (1777)
= Scabiosa germanica J.P.Wolff ex J.F.Lehm.; Prim. Lin. Fl. Herbip. 14 (1809)
= Scabiosa hirsuta Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 59 (1813)
= Scabiosa hybrida Bouch.; Extr. Fl. Abbeville 12 (1803), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa mixta De Not.; Prosp. Fl. Ligust. 52 (1846)
= Scabiosa mollis Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 3: 27 (1815), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa montana Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 5 (1768)
= Scabiosa officinarum-arvensis Crantz; Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 352 (1766)
= Scabiosa polymorpha F.W.Schmidt; Fl. Boëm., Cent. 3: 76 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa pratensis F.W.Schmidt; Fl. Boëm., Cent. 3: 78 (1794)
= Scabiosa radiata F.W.Schmidt; Fl. Boëm., Cent. 3: 78 (1794)
= Scabiosa stipitata Moritzi; Pfl. Schweiz [Moritzi] 83 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa stipitata var. arvensis (L.) Moritzi; Pfl. Schweiz [Moritzi] 84 (1832)
= Scabiosa stricta (Seidl ex Pohl) Opiz; Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. [Berchtold et al.] 2(1): 200 (1838), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa subpubescens Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.]: 28 (1827)
= Scabiosa sylvatica var. pinnatisecta J.Becker; Fl. Frankfurt 1: 500 (1827)
= Scabiosa timeroyi (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 401 (1868)
= Scabiosa trivialis F.W.Schmidt; Fl. Boëm., Cent. 3: 78 (1794)
= Scabiosa varia Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 167 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Scabiosa vulgaris Garsault; Fig. Pl. Med. t. 524 (1764)
= Succisa arvensis (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 94 (1838)
= Succisa sylvatica Walther; Fl. Giessen 178 (1802)
= Trichera arvensis (L.) Schrad.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) (1814)
= Trichera arvensis subsp. timeroyi (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 347 (1879)
= Trichera arvensis var. agrestis (F.W.Schmidt) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 54 (1818)
= Trichera arvensis var. angustifolia Wender.; Fl. Hassiaca [Wenderoth] 31 (1846)
= Trichera arvensis var. campestris (Besser) Oborný; 719 (1885), nom. illeg.
= Trichera arvensis var. integrifolia Rupr.; Fl. Ingr. [Ruprecht] 506 (1860)
= Trichera arvensis var. integrifolia Wender.; Fl. Hassiaca [Wenderoth] 31 (1846)
= Trichera arvensis var. isantha Neuman; Bot. Not. 1883: 11 (1883)
= Trichera arvensis var. stricta Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 55 (1818)
= Trichera bohemica (F.W.Schmidt) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 347 (1879)
= Trichera campestris (Andrz. ex Besser) Schult.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.]: 27 (1827)
= Trichera communis Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 4(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 4): 815 (1881), nom. illeg.
= Trichera communis subsp. arvensis (L.) Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 4(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 4): 815 (1881), nom. illeg.
= Trichera exaltata (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 347 (1879)
= Trichera hirsuta (Lapeyr.) Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.]: 27 (1827)
= Trichera indivisa (Boreau) Nyman; Suppl. Syll. Fl. Eur. 14 (1865)
= Trichera mollis Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 60 (1855)
= Trichera neglecta (Meurer) Conrath; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 37: 383 (1887)
= Trichera timeroyi (Jord.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 60 (1855)
= Trichera trivialis (F.W.Schmidt) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 347 (1881)
= Trichera virgata Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 347 (1879)
variant :
var. taunica Szabó; 122 (1934)
Distribution: Germany (Hessen)
11 GER
Remarks: status uncertain, possibly to K. gracilis
subspecies :
subsp. pannonica (Heuff.) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1(1): 118 (1949)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Czech Republic; Hungary; etc.
11 CZE ger HUN
Remarks: diploid race
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvensis var. budensis (Simonk.) Szabó
= Knautia budensis Beck ex Borbás; Bot. Centralbl. 57: 101 (1894)
= Knautia pannonica Heuff.; Flora 39: 52 (1856)
= Trichera arvensis subsp. pannonica (Heuff.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 197 (1979 publ. 1980)
subspecies :
subsp. rosea (Baumg.) Soó; Feddes Repert. 83: 129 (1972)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina
13 BIH
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia bosniaca (Conrath) Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 353 (1894)
= Knautia bosniaca (Conrath) Borbás; Revis. Knaut. 78 (1904), isonym
= Knautia dumetorum Heuff.; Flora 39: 51 (1856)
= Knautia dumetorum var. breindlinii Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 353 (1894)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. rosea Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 75 (1816)
= Trichera arvensis subsp. rosea (Baumg.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 197 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Trichera bosniaca Conrath; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 37: 383 (1887)
= Trichera dumetorum (Heuff.) Nyman; Suppl. Syll. Fl. Eur. 14 (1865), nom. illeg.
species :
Knautia baldensis A.Kern. ex Borbás; Acta Inst. Bot. Kolozsvár 1: 37, 42 (1904)
Distribution: N-Italy (around, Lago di Garda)
13 ITA
Remarks: subcanescens agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia decalvata Borbás; Acta Inst. Bot. Kolozsvár 1: 42 (1904)
species :
Knautia basaltica Chass. & Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 129 (1934)
Distribution: SC-France
12 FRA
Remarks: longifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia trachytica Chass. & Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 136 (1934)
= Trichera basaltica (Chass. & Szabó) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 197 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia byzantina Fritsch; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 45: 429 (1895)
Distribution: SE-Bulgaria; European Turkey; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)
13 BUL TUE 34 TUR
species :
Knautia calycina (C.Presl) Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 170 (1843)
Distribution: C- & S-Italy; Sicily; Algeria
13 ITA SIC 20 ALG
Remarks: calycina agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvensis f. calycina (C.Presl) Bég.; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 146 (1903)
= Trichera calycina C.Presl; Fl. Sicul. [Presl] p. xxviii (1826)
species :
Knautia carinthiaca Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 109: 335 (1962)
Distribution: S-Austria (NE-Carinthia)
11 AUT
Remarks: carinthiaca agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera carinthiaca (Ehrend.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 197 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia caroli-rechingeri Micevski; Acta Bot. Croat. 40: 239 (1981)
Distribution: North Macedonia
13 NMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera caroli-rechingeri (Micevski) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 115 (1998)
species :
Knautia clementii (Beck) Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 109: 337 (1962)
Distribution: Croatia
13 CRO
Remarks: dalmatica agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia dalmatica f. clementii Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 352 (1894)
= Knautia rigidiuscula var. clementii (Beck) Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39(Beibl. 89): 26 (1907)
= Trichera clementii (Beck) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 197 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia collina (Gaudin) Coult. ex Heynh.; Nomencl. Bot. Hort. 1: 881 (1840)
subspecies :
subsp. collina
Distribution: Switzerland; E- & NE-Spain; France; Italy; Sicily
11 SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA SIC
Remarks: arvensis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia alboi Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 125 (1934), nom. illeg.
= Knautia arvensis proles collina (Gaudin) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 108 (1903)
= Knautia arvensis f. collina (Gaudin) Rouy & E.G.Camus; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 108 (1903), nom. inval.
= Knautia arvensis subsp. collina (Gaudin) Bonnier & R.C.V.Douin; Fl. Ill. France 5: 60 (1922)
= Knautia arvensis var. collina (Req. ex Guérin) Angulo & Sádaba; Fitogr. Fl. Farm. Hispan. 2: 532 (1885), nom. superfl.
= Knautia arvensis var. collina (Req. ex Guérin) Cutanda; Fl. Comp. Madrid 367 (1861), nom. superfl.
= Knautia arvensis var. collina (Req. ex Guérin) Duby; Bot. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 257 (1828)
= Knautia ceretana var. tenuiloba Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 27: 207 (1929)
= Knautia collina (Gaudin) Jord.; Cat. Graines Jard. Dijon 26 (1848)
= Knautia collina var. grenieri Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 89 (1902)
= Knautia collina var. meridionalis Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 88 (1902)
= Knautia lucidifolia Szabó; Magyar Bot. Lapok 9: 52 (1910)
= Knautia purpurea (Vill.) Borbás; Acta Inst. Bot. Koloszvár 1: 51 (1904)
= Knautia purpurea var. ceretanica (Sennen) Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 125 (1934)
= Knautia purpurea var. grenieri (Briq.) Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 437 (1905)
= Knautia purpurea var. meridionalis (Briq.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 899 (1939)
= Knautia purpurea var. meridionalis (Briq.) Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 437 (1905)
= Knautia purpurea var. oligadena Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 438 (1905)
= Knautia timeroyi subsp. collina (Req. ex Guérin) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 87: 57 (1940)
= Knautia timeroyi var. lucidifolia (Sennen & Pau ex Szabó) Sennen & Pau; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 21: 112 (1911)
= Knautia timeroyii subsp. collina (Schübl. & G.Martens) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 87: 57 (1940)
= Scabiosa arvensis f. collina Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 389 (1828)
= Scabiosa arvensis subsp. collina (Gaudin) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg, 1. Aufl.: 96 (1834)
= Scabiosa arvensis subsp. collina Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg, 1. Aufl.: 96 (1834)
= Scabiosa arvensis var. purpurea Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 2: 293 (1787)
= Scabiosa collina Req.; Descr. Fontaine Vaucluse, éd. 2: 246 (1813), nom. illeg.
= Trichera collina (Gaudin) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 60 (1855)
= Trichera purpurea (Vill.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148: 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Trichera subscaposa Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 60 (1855)
subspecies :
subsp. longiflora (Pau) M.B.Crespo & Mateo; Fl. Montiber. 45: 94 (2010)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera longiflora Pau; Actas Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 135 (1894)
species :
Knautia dalmatica Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 352 (1894)
Distribution: Croatia (near Split)
13 CRO
Remarks: dalmatica agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia dalmatica f. petteri Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 352 (1894)
= Knautia petteri Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 352 (1894)
= Knautia rigidiuscula var. petteri (Beck) Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39(Beibl. 89): 26 (1907)
= Trichera dalmatica (Beck) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148: 197 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia degenii Borbás; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 33: 29 (1895)
Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria; European Turkey; East Aegaean Isl. (Tilos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)
13 BUL KOS SRB TUE 34 EAI TUR
species :
Knautia dinarica (Murb.) Borbás; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 44: 399 (1894)
subspecies :
subsp. dinarica
Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; NE-Albania; SW-Bulgaria
13 ALB BIH BUL CRO
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia sylvatica var. dinarica Murb.; Beitr. Fl. Südbosnien [Acta Univ. Lund. 27(5)]: 111 (1891)
subspecies :
subsp. silana (Grande) Ehrend.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 40 (1975)
Distribution: SW-Italy (La Sila)
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvensis f. silana Grande; Bull. Orto Bot. Regia Univ. Napoli 3: 107 (1913)
species :
Knautia dipsacifolia (Host) Kreutzer; Anthochronologion 223 (1840)
subspecies :
subsp. dipsacifolia
Name: Wald-Witwenblume (DE)
Distribution: Belgium; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; W-Hungary; France; Italy; Croatia
11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA
Remarks: dipsacifolia agg. Status of the various taxa of the complex disputed. There might be more cryptic species hidden within K. dipsacifolia s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia angustata (Rouy) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 5: 60 (1921)
= Knautia arvensis subsp. dipsacifolia (Host) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 111 (1903)
= Knautia arvensis subsp. dipsacifolia (Kreutzer) Berher; Fl. Vosges [Louis], éd. 2: 127 (1887)
= Knautia arvensis var. carpophylax (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 108 (1903)
= Knautia arvensis var. glandulosa Froël.; Schriften Königl. Phys.-Ökon. Ges. Königsberg 32: 84 (1801)
= Knautia arvensis var. vogesiaca Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 111 (1903)
= Knautia brandzae Porcius; Magyar Növényt. Lapok 9: 128 (1885)
= Knautia carniolica Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 352 (1894)
= Knautia carpophylax Jord.; Index Sem. (Grenoble) 12 (1853)
= Knautia cuspidata Jord.; Index Sem. (Grenoble) 12 (1853)
= Knautia dipsacifolia f. amoena (Szabó) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 55 (1979)
= Knautia dipsacifolia f. angustata (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 55 (1979)
= Knautia maxima (Opiz) J.Ortmann; Elbogn. Kreis Königr. Böhm. [Glückselig] 86 (1842)
= Knautia puberula Jord.; Arch. Fl. France Allem. [F.W.Schultz] 320 (1854)
= Knautia sendtneri Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, N. F. 31(Beil.): 81 (1887-1888 publ. 1888)
= Knautia serajewensis Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 353 (1894)
= Knautia sylvatica var. cuspidata (Jord.) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç. 245 (1928)
= Knautia sylvatica var. dipsacifolia (Host) Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 104 (1902)
= Knautia sylvatica var. dolichophylla Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 114 (1902)
= Knautia sylvatica var. sendtneri (Brügger) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 901 (1939)
= Knautia sylvatica var. vogesiaca (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç. 245 (1928)
= Knautia timeroyi subsp. carpophylax (Jord.) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 212 (2012)
= Scabiosa dipsacifolia Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 1: 191 (1827) non Schrank (1824)
= Scabiosa dipsacifolia Schrank; Flora 7(1. Beibl.): 41 (1824)
= Scabiosa maxima Opiz; Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. [Berchtold et al.] 2(1): 203 (1838)
= Scabiosa media Opiz; Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. [Berchtold et al.] 2(1): 202 (1838)
= Scabiosa sternbergii Opiz; Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. [Berchtold et al.] 2(1): 203 (1838)
= Scabiosa sylvatica subsp. dipsacifolia (Kreutzer) Celak.; Anal. Kvet. Ceská, ed. 3: 212 (1897)
= Scabiosa sylvatica var. terminalis Celak.; Prodr. Kvet. Ceské 4: 800 (1883)
= Trichera budensis A.Kern. ex Simonk.; Bot. Centralbl. 57: 100 (1894)
= Trichera carpophylax (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 347 (1881)
= Trichera cuspidata (Jord.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 14 (1865)
= Trichera dinarica Murb.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 44: 399 (1894)
= Trichera dipsacifolia (Kreutzer) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 14 (1865)
= Trichera maxima (Opiz) Holub; Preslia 70: 115 (1998)
= Trichera ovatifolia (Lag.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 56 (1818)
= Trichera puberula (Jord.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 14 (1865)
subspecies :
subsp. lancifolia (Heuff.) Ehrend.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 40 (1975)
Distribution: Serbia; W- & C-Romania
13 ROM SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia lancifolia (Heuff.) Simonk.; Enum. Fl. Transsilv. 293 (1887)
= Knautia lancifolia var. transsilvanica (Schur) Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 353 (1894)
= Knautia sylvatica var. lancifolia Heuff.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 127 (1858)
= Knautia transsilvanica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 296 (1866)
= Trichera dipsacifolia subsp. lancifolia (Heuff.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Trichera lancifolia (Heuff.) Fuss; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 14: 195 (1863)
= Trichera transsilvanica (Schur) Holub; Preslia 70: 116 (1998)
subspecies :
subsp. pocutica (Szabó) Ehrend.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 40 (1975)
Distribution: Poland; Slovakia; Romania; Ukraine
11 POL SLO 13 ROM 14 UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia lancifolia subsp. pocutica (Szabó) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 308 (1977)
= Knautia sylvatica var. pocutica Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39(Beibl. 89): 21 (1907)
= Trichera dipsacifolia subsp. pocutica (Szabó) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
subspecies :
subsp. sixtina (Briq.) Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 122: 265 (1973)
Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy (S of Lake Geneva)
12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia maxima subsp. sixtina (Briq.) Bartolucci & Galasso; Inform. Bot. Ital. 47(2): 230 (2015)
= Knautia sixtina Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 2: 109 (1898)
subspecies :
subsp. turocensis (Borbás) Jáv. ex Kiss; Tisia 3: 253 (1939)
Distribution: Slovakia; N-Hungary
11 HUN SLO
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia lancifolia subsp. turocensis (Borbás) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 308 (1977)
= Knautia sylvatica var. turocensis Borbás; Kert 48 (1898)
= Knautia turocensis (Borbás) Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 440 (1905)
= Knautia ×pterotoma Borbás ex Szabó; Magyar Bot. Lapok 9: 58 (1910)
= Trichera dipsacifolia subsp. turocensis (Borbás) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia drymeia Heuff.; Flora 39: 53 (1856)
subspecies :
subsp. drymeia
Name: Balkan-Witwenblume (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Hessen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland [I], Sachsen); Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of N- & NE-Greece)
11 GER HUN SLO 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA SLV SRB TUE
Remarks: drymeia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisodens longifolius Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 465 (1867)
= Anisodens sylvaticus (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 465 (1867), nom. rej.
= Asterocephalus ciliata Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 94 (1838)
= Asterocephalus sylvaticus (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 94 (1838), nom. rej.
= Knautia arvensis subsp. drymeia (Heuff.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 60 (1922)
= Knautia arvensis subsp. sylvatica (L.) Celak.; Kvet. Okolí Praz. 119 (1870)
= Knautia arvensis var. sylvatica (L.) Coult.; Mém. Dipsac. 30 (1823)
= Knautia ciliata (Spreng.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 127 (1875)
= Knautia ciliata Coult.; Mém. Dipsac. 30 (1823)
= Knautia communis subsp. sylvatica (L.) Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 268 (1871)
= Knautia dipsacifolia Heuff.; Flora 39: 54 (1856), nom. illeg.
= Knautia pannonica (Jacq.) Wettst.; Biblioth. Bot. 5(26): 62 (1892), nom. illeg.
= Knautia silvatica (L.) A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 20: 360 (1870)
= Knautia sylvatica (L.) Duby; Bot. Gall. 1: 257 (1828), nom. rej.
= Knautia sylvatica proles rosea Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk., Tr. Mat.-Prír.) 1888(2): 39 (1889)
= Knautia sylvatica var. briquetiana Wilczek; Candollea 3: 490 (1928)
= Knautia sylvatica var. carniolica Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 352 (1894)
= Scabiosa acuminata Opiz; Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. [Berchtold et al.] 2(1): 202 (1838)
= Scabiosa ciliata Kit.; Pl. Banat. Rar. 1: t. 5 (1828), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa communis subsp. sylvatica (L.) Celak.; Prodr. Kvet. Ceské 2: 265 (1873)
= Scabiosa pannonica Jacq.; Enum. Stirp. Vindob. 22 (1762)
= Scabiosa sylvatica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 242 (1762), nom. rej.
= Scabiosa sylvatica var. latericaulis Celak.; Prodr. Kvet. Ceské 4: 800 (1883)
= Succisa ciliata Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 94 (1838)
= Trichera communis subsp. sylvatica (L.) Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 4(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 4): 815 (1881)
= Trichera drymeia (Heuff.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 14 (1865)
= Trichera pannonica (Jacq.) Nyman; Suppl. Syll. Fl. Eur. 14 (1865)
= Trichera sylvatica (L.) Schrad. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 55 (1818)
subspecies :
subsp. centrifrons (Borbás) Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 122: 263 (1973)
Distribution: S-Switzerland; N-Italy
11 SWI 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia centrifrons Borbás; Revis. Knaut. 18 (1904)
= Trichera drymeia subsp. centrifrons (Borbás) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
subspecies :
subsp. intermedia (Pernh. & Wettst.) Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 122: 263 (1973)
Distribution: Italy; Slovenia; Croatia
13 CRO ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia croatica (Szabó) Degen
= Knautia dinarica var. croatica Szabó; Magyar Bot. Lapok 9: 55 (1910)
= Knautia intermedia Pernh. & Wettst.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] 6: no. 2227 (1892)
= Trichera drymeia subsp. intermedia (Pernh. & Wettst.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
subspecies :
subsp. nympharum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Ehrend.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 40 (1975)
Distribution: Montenegro; Albania
13 ALB MNT
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia nympharum Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 2: 124 (1856)
= Trichera nympharum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 14 (1865)
subspecies :
subsp. tergestina (Beck) Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 122: 263 (1973)
Distribution: NE-Italy; Slovenia
13 ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia sylvatica var. tergestina Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 352 (1894)
= Knautia tergestina Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 354 (1894)
= Trichera drymeia subsp. tergestina (Beck) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia fleischmannii (Hladnik ex Rchb.) Pacher; Jahrb. Naturhist. Landesmus. Kärnten 22: 73 (1893)
Distribution: Slovenia (W of Ljubliana)
13 SLV
Remarks: fleischmannii agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvensis var. rigidiuscula W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 344 (1835)
= Knautia fleischmannii (Hladnik ex Rchb.) Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 354 (1894)
= Knautia rigidiuscula (W.D.J.Koch) Wettst.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] no. 6: 99, no. 2273 (1893)
= Scabiosa fleischmannii Hladnik ex Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 12: 18 (1850)
= Trichera fleischmannii (Hladnik ex Rchb.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 59 (1855)
species :
Knautia foreziensis Chass. & Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 130 (1934)
Distribution: C-France (Monts du Forez)
12 FRA
Remarks: longifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera foreziensis (Chass. & Szabó) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia godetii Reut.; Cat. Graines Jard. Bot. Genève 4 (1857)
Distribution: NW-Switzerland; C- & E-France
11 SWI 12 FRA
Remarks: longifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvensis subsp. godetii (Reut.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 112 (1903)
= Knautia arvensis subsp. longifolia Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 147 (1894)
= Knautia craciunelensis Porcius; Magyar Növényt. Lapok 9: 128 (1885)
= Trichera godetii (Reut.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 347 (1879)
species :
Knautia goecmenii Yildirim; Phytotaxa 531(2): 99 (2022)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Knautia gracilis Szabó; Math. Term. Közlem. 31(1): 376 (1911)
Name: Zierliche Witwenblume (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland); France (E-France, SC-France)
11 GER 12 FRA
Remarks: dipsacifolia agg. Status disputed, often treated only as subspecies of K. dipsacifolia. Some populations in Germany are introgressions into K. dipsacifolia.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia dipsacifolia subsp. gracilis (Szabó) Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 122: 264 (1973)
= Knautia sylvatica subsp. gracilis (Szabó) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1(1): 118 (1949)
= Trichera dipsacifolia subsp. gracilis (Szabó) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 197 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia gussonei Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 136 (1934)
Distribution: Italy (C-Appennini)
13 ITA
Remarks: drymeia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera gussonei (Szabó) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Trichera heliantha Borbás; Revis. Knaut. 41 (1904)
species :
Knautia illyrica Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 351 (1894)
Distribution: NE-Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina
13 BIH CRO ITA SLV
Remarks: arvensis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia collina Wettst.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] 6: 99, no. 2274 (1893), nom. illeg.
= Knautia purpurea var. illyrica (Beck) Szabó
= Trichera illyrica (Beck) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia integrifolia (L.) Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 2: 32 (1835)
subspecies :
subsp. integrifolia
Distribution: Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Bulgaria; Greece (widespread, incl. Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Kithira, Sporades, Kiklades: Siros, Sifnos, Milos, Kea); Crete; ?Tunisia; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Chile [I] (Araucanía [I])
12 BAL COR FRA SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MNT PEL SIC SLV sma 34 SYR TUR 85 cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus integrifolius (Honck. ex L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 94 (1838)
= Asterocephalus integrifolius (L.) Lag. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 158 (1841)
= Cephalaria amplexicaulis (L.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 327 (1841)
= Knautia amplexicaulis (L.) Lindl.; Fl. Graec. [Sibthorp] 10: 73 (1840)
= Knautia arvensis var. integrifolia (L.) Coult.; 29 (1823)
= Knautia hybrida (All.) Coult.; Mém. Dipsac. 30 (1823), nom. illeg.
= Knautia hybrida var. integrifolia (L.) Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 72 (1850), nom. illeg.
= Knautia integrifolia f. lyrata (W.D.J.Koch) Diklic; Fl. Srbije 5: 554 (1973)
= Knautia integrifolia var. amplexicaulis (L.) Borbás; Revis. Knaut. 84 (1904)
= Knautia integrifolia var. hybrida (All.) Szabó; Magyar Bot. Lapok 9: 40 (1910)
= Knautia orientalis d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 270 (1822)
= Scabiosa amplexicaulis L.; Mant. Pl. 2: 195 (1771)
= Scabiosa hybrida All.; Auct. Fl. Pedem. 9 (1789)
= Scabiosa integrifolia Honck. ex L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 99 (1753)
= Scabiosa integrifolia subsp. hybrida (All.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 326 (1882), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa lyrata Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 250 (1792), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa moldavica Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 58 (1818)
= Scabiosa serrata Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 249 (1792)
= Scabiosa trichotoma Moench; Methodus [Moench] 490 (1794)
= Succisa amplexicaulis (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 379 (1824)
= Succisa integrifolia (Honck. ex L.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 89 (1840)
= Thlasidia integrifolia (Honck. ex L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 18: 205 (1983)
= Trichera amplexicaulis (L.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 60 (1855)
= Trichera hybrida (All.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 58 (1818)
= Trichera hybrida var. pinnatifida Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk., Tr. Mat.-Prír.) 1910(8): 9 (1911)
= Trichera integrifolia (Honck. ex L.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 59 (1818)
= Trichera mutabilis Schrad.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) 1814: 3 (1814)
= Tricheranthes integrifolia (Honck. ex L.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148: 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
subspecies :
subsp. mimica (Borbás) Greuter; Boissiera 13: 130 (1967)
Distribution: Greece; Crete
13 GRC KRI
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia byzantina var. hellenica Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39(Beibl. 89): 3 (1907)
= Knautia integrifolia f. mimica (Borbás) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.):500 (1930)
= Knautia integrifolia var. hellenica (Szabó) Szabó; Magyar Bot. Lapok 9: 5 (1910)
= Knautia integrifolia var. mimica (Borbás) Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 435 (1905)
= Knautia mimica Borbás; Revis. Knaut. 86 (1904)
subspecies :
subsp. urvillei (Coult.) Greuter; Boissiera 13: 132 (1967)
Name: Urville-Witwenblume (DE); Urville´s Widowflower (EN)
Distribution: European Turkey; Greece; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
13 GRC TUE 34 EAI ISR JOR SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalaria bidens (Sm.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 45 (1818)
= Knautia bidens (Sm.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2: 108 (1843), isonym
= Knautia bidens (Sm.) Lindl.; Fl. Graec. [Sibthorp] 10: 73 (1840)
= Knautia hybrida var. urvillei (Coult.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 126 (1875)
= Knautia integrifolia var. bidens (Sm.) Borbás; Math. Term. Közlem. 28: 85 (1904)
= Knautia integrifolia var. rhodia Szabó; Magyar Bot. Lapok 9: 41 (1910)
= Knautia integrifolia var. urvillei (Coult.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 761 (1901)
= Knautia urvillei Coult.; Mém. Dipsac. 29, t. 1, f. 10 (1823)
= Scabiosa bidens Sm.; Fl. Graec. [Sibthorp] 1: 80 (1806)
= Scabiosa urvillei (Coult.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 447 (1839)
= Thlasidia bidens (Sm.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 96 (1836)
= Trichera bidens (Sm.) Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.]: 29 (1827)
= Trichera hybrida subsp. urvillei (Coult.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 348 (1879)
= Trichera urvillei (Coult.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 60 (1855)
species :
Knautia involucrata Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 46 (1893)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR
Remarks: longifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia integrifolia K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 443 (1851) (non (L.) Bertol. (1835))
= Knautia montana subsp. involucrata (Sommier & Levier) Shkhiyan; Fl. Gruzii, ed. 2, 13: 123 (2001)
species :
Knautia kitaibelii (Schult.) Borbás; Acta Inst. Bot. Koloszvár 1: 60 (1904)
subspecies :
subsp. kitaibelii
Name: Gelbe Witwenblume (DE)
Distribution: +Germany (+Sachsen); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; European Russia
11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO 14 RUS
Remarks: arvensis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvensis subsp. pubescens (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1(1): 118 (1949)
= Knautia arvensis var. carpathica (Fisch. ex Rchb.) Reuss; Kvetna Slov. 210 (1853)
= Knautia arvensis var. kitaibelii (Schult.) Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39(Beibl. 89): 11 (1907)
= Knautia carpathica (Fisch. ex Rchb.) Heuff.; Flora 39: 50 (1856)
= Knautia ciliata (Roem. & Schult.) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 296 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Knautia eburnea Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 33: 248 (1894)
= Knautia kossuthii Pant.; Magyar Növényt. Lapok 6: 162 (1882)
= Knautia moravica Schur ex Holuby; Slov. Pohlady 1: 560 (1881)
= Lepicephalus ciliata (Roem. & Schult.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Scabiosa carpathica Fisch. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 193 (1831)
= Scabiosa ciliata (Roem. & Schult.) Spreng.; Index Sem. (Halle) 1807: 55 (1807)
= Scabiosa hispida Port. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 58 (1818)
= Scabiosa kitaibelii Schult.; Observ. Bot. [Schultes] 18 (1809)
= Scabiosa pubescens Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 1: 146 (1809)
= Trichera arvensis subsp. carpathica (Fisch. ex Rchb.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): 160 (1889)
= Trichera carpathica (Fisch. ex Rchb.) Nyman; Suppl. Syll. Fl. Eur. 14 (1865)
= Trichera ciliata Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 57 (1818)
= Trichera kitaibelii (Schult.) Borbás; Pallas Nagy Lexikona 7: 1 (1894)
= Trichera leucantha Schrad.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) (1814) 3
= Trichera pubescens (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Schrad. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 57 (1818)
subspecies :
subsp. tomentella (Szabó) Baksay; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung., n. s. 7: 325 (1956)
Distribution: Hungary (W of Budapest)
11 HUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvensis f. tomentella Szabó
= Knautia tomentella (Szabó) Boros; Bot. Közlem. 45: 248 (1954), nomen alternativ.
= Trichera kitaibelii subsp. tomentella (Szabó) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia lebrunii J.Prudhomme; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 56(4): 113 (1987)
Distribution: NE-Spain; Andorra (E-Pyrénées); France
12 ADO FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia godetii subsp. lebrunii (J.Prudhomme) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 3: 636 (1995)
= Trichera lebrunii (J.Prudhomme) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 115 (1998)
species :
Knautia legionensis (Lag.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 652 (1830)
Distribution: N-Spain (W-Pyrénées, Cordillera Cantabrica); SW-France
12 FRA SPA
Remarks: dipsacifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus legionensis (Lag.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 379 (1824)
= Knautia angustifolia Reut. ex Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 16 (1865), pro syn.
= Knautia arvensis subsp. legionensis (Lag.) Rouy; Ill. Pl. Eur. 17: 134 (1902)
= Knautia arvensis var. legionensis (Lag.) Rouy; Ill. Pl. Eur. 134 (1902)
= Knautia legionensis var. latiorifolia Sennen & Pau; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 23: 41 (1913)
= Knautia salcedii (Roem. & Schult.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 687 (1834)
= Knautia sylvatica var. legionensis (Lag.) Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 2: 62 (1861)
= Scabiosa legionensis Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 9 (1816)
= Scabiosa salcedii (Roem. & Schult.) Lag. ex Roem. & Schult.Index Kew.
= Trichera legionensis (Lag.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 56 (1818)
= Trichera linearifolia Pau; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 16: 76 (1906)
= Trichera salcedii Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 55 (1818)
species :
Knautia longifolia (Waldst. & Kit.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 343 (1835)
Name: Langblättrige Witwenblume (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; ?North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Greece (rare Mt. Giona, Mt. Mavrovouni, Mt. Olimbos); Ukraine
11 AUT ger SWI 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 UKR
Remarks: longifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisodens longifolius (Waldst. & Kit.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 465 (1867)
= Knautia arvensis subsp. kochii (Brügger) Rouy
= Knautia arvensis var. longifolia (Waldst. & Kit.) Coult.; 30 (1823)
= Knautia brachytricha Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 125 (1902)
= Knautia csikii Jáv. & Szabó; Magyar Bot. Lapok 21: 19 (1923)
= Knautia kochii Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, N. F. 29: 97 (1880)
= Knautia sylvatica var. longifolia (Waldst. & Kit.) Duby; Bot. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 257 (1828)
= Knautia variabilis var. longifolia (Waldst. & Kit.) F.W.Schultz; Fl. Pfalz [F.W.Schultz] 216 (1845), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa longifolia Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 4 (1799)
= Scabiosa stipitata var. longifolia Moritzi; Pfl. Schweiz [Moritzi] 84 (1832)
= Scabiosa sylvatica var. glabrata J.Becker; Fl. Frankfurt 1: 500 (1827)
= Scabiosa sylvatica var. longifolia (Waldst. & Kit.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 387 (1828)
= Trichera longifolia (Waldst. & Kit.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 56 (1818)
species :
Knautia lucana Lacaita & Szabó; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 29: 179 (1922 publ. 1923)
Distribution: S-Italy (SE of Potenza)
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera lucana (Lacaita & Szabó) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia macedonica Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 178 (1846)
Name: Mazedonische Witwenblume (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; SE-Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (NE-Greece, rare NC-Greece)
11 ger 13 ALB BIH BUL GRC KOS NMA ROM SRB TUE
Remarks: arvensis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia atrorubens Janka ex D.Brândza; Prodr. Fl. Romane 257 (1881)
= Knautia lyrophylla (Pancic) Pancic; Fl. Serbiae 388 (1874)
= Knautia macedonica f. lilascens (Pancic) Borbás; Revis. Knaut. 56 (1904)
= Knautia macedonica f. lyrophylla (Pancic) Borbás; Revis. Knaut. 56 (1904)
= Knautia macedonica var. indivisa (Vis. & Pancic) J.C.Mayer & Diklic; Pancicev Zborn. [Josifovic] 12 (1967)
= Knautia macedonica var. lilascens Pancic; Glasn. Srpskog Ucenog Drustva 53: 196 (1883)
= Knautia macedonica var. lyrophylla Pancic; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Vereins Wien 6: 547 (1856)
= Knautia macedonica var. perpurpurans Borbás; Math. Term. Közlem. 29: 378 (1897)
= Knautia serbica Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 34: 308 (1896)
= Knautia tulceanensis Nyár.; Bul. Grad. Bot. Univ. Cluj 19: 82 (1939)
= Scabiosa lyrophylla Vis. & Pancic; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 15: t. XIX (1870), nom. inval.
= Scabiosa macedonica (Griseb.) Vis.; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 15: t. 12 (1870)
= Scabiosa macedonica var. indivisa Vis.; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 15: 12 (1870), nom. inval.
= Scabiosa macedonica var. lyrophylla (Pancic) Vis. & Pancic; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 15: 11 (1870)
= Trichera arvensis f. microcephala Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk., Tr. Mat.-Prír.) 456 (1887)
= Trichera arvensis var. purpurea Grecescu; Consp. Fl. Român. 281 (1898)
= Trichera lyrophylla (Vis.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 347 (1881)
= Trichera macedonica (Griseb.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 60 (1855)
= Trichera macedonica var. lyrophylla (Pancic) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 701 (1879)
species :
Knautia magnifica Boiss. & Orph.; Bull. Congr. Internatl. Bot. Hort. St.-Pétersbourg 1869: 138 (1870)
Distribution: North Macedonia; Greece (rare N- & C-Greece)
13 GRC NMA
Remarks: longifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia longifolia var. aurea Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 442 (1905)
= Trichera baldensis Borbás; Revis. Knaut. 43 (1904)
= Trichera dinarica Borbás; Revis. Knaut. 43 (1904)
= Trichera magnifica (Boiss. & Orph.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 347 (1879)
species :
Knautia mauritanica Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 64 (1874)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
20 ALG MOR TUN
Remarks: arvensis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvensis subsp. lanceolata (Pomel) Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 17: 51 (1927)
= Knautia arvensis subsp. numidica (Szabó) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 22 (1940)
= Knautia arvensis subsp. paui Maire; Cavanillesia 2: 172 (1930)
= Knautia arvensis var. centauroides (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 412 (1889)
= Knautia arvensis var. glandulifera Pau & Font Quer
= Knautia arvensis var. lanceolata (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 412 (1889)
= Knautia arvensis var. mauritanica (Pomel) Maire; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 412 (1889)
= Knautia centauroides Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 65 (1874)
= Knautia lanceolata Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 65 (1874)
= Knautia numidica Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 437 (1905), et Engl. Jahrb. 38. Beibl. 89, 12 (1907)
species :
Knautia midzorensis Formánek; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 16: 19 (1898)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; ?Albania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece (Rhodopi)
13 BIH BUL GRC KOS SRB
Remarks: longifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia magnifica var. flavescens Pancic; Glasn. Srpskog Ucenog Drustva 53: 197 (1883)
= Knautia magnifica var. lutescens Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 442 (1905)
= Knautia midzorensis f. flavescens (Pancic) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.):505 (1930)
= Knautia midzorensis f. glabrescens Diklic; Fl. Srbije 5: 615 (1973)
= Knautia midzorensis f. luteola Szabó; Math. Term. Közlem. 31(1): 317 (1911)
= Knautia midzorensis f. lutescens (Szabó) Szabó; Magyar Bot. Lapok 9: 23 (1910)
= Knautia wagneri Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 124 (1902)
= Trichera midzorensis (Formánek) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148: 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia mollis Jord.; Cat. Graines Jard. Dijon 25 (1848)
Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy (SW-Alps)
12 FRA 13 ITA
Remarks: calycina agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia collina var. mollis (Jord.) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 212 (2012)
species :
Knautia nevadensis (M.Winkl. ex Szabó) Szabó; Math. Term. Közlem. 31: 326 (1911)
Distribution: NW-Portugal; Spain (mountains); Andorra; France
12 ADO FRA POR SPA
Remarks: dipsacifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvensis subsp. angustata (Rouy) Bonnier & R.C.V.Douin; Fl. Ill. France 5: 60 (1922)
= Knautia lacaitae Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 136 (1934)
= Knautia ovatifolia (Lag.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 688 (1834)
= Knautia prostii Chass. & Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 126 (1934)
= Knautia sylvatica var. nevadensis M.Winkl. ex Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39(Beibl. 89): 21 (1907)
= Scabiosa ovatifolia Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 9 (1816)
= Trichera nevadensis (M.Winkl. ex Szabó) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148: 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
variant :
var. lanceolata (Pau) Devesa, Ortega Oliv. & J.López; Acta Bot. Malac. 28: 212 (2003)
Distribution: N-Spain; Andorra; SW-France
12 ADO FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvernensis subsp. catalaunica (Sennen ex Szabó) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 3: 635 (1995)
= Knautia catalaunica Sennen ex Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 126 (1934)
= Knautia dipsacifolia subsp. catalaunica (Sennen ex Szabó) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 55 (1979)
= Knautia dipsacifolia subsp. catalaunica (Sennen ex Szabó) O.Bolòs, Vigo, Masalles & Ninot; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 1213 (1990), isonym
= Trichera catalaunica (Sennen ex Szabó) Holub; Preslia 70: 115 (1998)
= Trichera sylvatica var. lanceolata Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 5: 176 (1906)
species :
Knautia numantina (Pau) Devesa, Ortega Oliv. & J.López; Acta Bot. Malac. 28: 211 (2003)
Distribution: Spain (Sa. de la Demanda, Picos de Urbion)
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera numantina Pau; Bull. Géogr. Bot. 1906, xvi. No. 206 (Decemb.) 76 (1906)
species :
Knautia orientalis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 101 (1753)
Distribution: Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (N-, NE- & C-Greece, Mt. Killini); Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia)
13 BUL GRC TUE 33 GEO 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia propontica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1666 (1763)
= Knautia trichotoma Moench; Methodus [Moench] 487 (1794)
= Scabiosa orientalis (L.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 9 (1816)
= Scabiosa propontica (L.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 9 (1816)
species :
Knautia pancicii Szabó; Math. Term. Közlem. 31: 376 (1911)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina (Zlatibor Planina)
13 BIH
Remarks: longifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia midzorensis var. pancicii (Szabó) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.):505 (1930)
= Trichera pancicii (Szabó) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia pectinata Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 109: 336 (1962)
Distribution: Croatia (W-slopes of Velebit)
13 CRO
Remarks: dalmatica agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera pectinata (Ehrend.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia persicina A.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] 6: 99 (1893)
Distribution: N-Italy (E of Lago di Garda)
13 ITA
Remarks: subcanescens agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera persicina (A.Kern.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia pseudolongifolia (Szabó) Zmuda; Bull. Int. Acad. Sci. Cracovie, Cl. Sci. Math., Ser. B, Sci. Nat. 1916: 171 (1917)
Distribution: N-Czech Republic
11 CZE
Remarks: arvensis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvensis subsp. pseudolongifolia (Szabó) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1(1): 118 (1949)
= Knautia arvensis var. pseudolongifolia Szabó; Math. Term. Közlem. 31: 244 (1911)
= Knautia pseudolongifolia var. pinnatifolia Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 27: 185 (1929)
= Trichera arvensis subsp. pseudolongifolia (Szabó) Holub; Preslia 51(3): 282 (1979)
species :
Knautia ressmannii (Pacher) Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 130 (1902)
Distribution: ?E-Austria; NE-Italy; Croatia
13 CRO ITA
Remarks: dipsacifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia sylvatica var. ressmannii Pacher; Fl. Kärnten 2: 63 (1884)
= Trichera ressmannii (Pacher) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia rupicola (Willk.) Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 124 (1934)
Distribution: NE-Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: arvensis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvensis subvar. cardonica O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 54 (1979)
= Knautia arvensis subsp. rupicola (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 54 (1979)
= Knautia arvensis subsp. rupicola (Willk.) O.Bolòs, Vigo, Masalles & Ninot; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 1213 (1990), isonym
= Knautia rupicola var. cardonica (O.Bolòs & Vigo) Molero, L.Sáez & Vallv.; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 64: 65 (1996 publ. 1997)
= Knautia rupicola var. macrotrycha (Pau ex Font Quer) Devesa, Ortega Oliv. & J.López; Acta Bot. Malac. 28: 211 (2003)
= Knautia subscaposa f. rupicola (Willk.) Szabó; Math. Term. Közlem. 31: 266 (1911)
= Knautia subscaposa var. rupicola (Willk.) Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39(Beibl. 89): 15 (1907)
= Trichera subscaposa var. macrotrycha Pau ex Font Quer; Treb. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 1: 32 (1915)
= Trichera subscaposa var. rupicola Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 72 (1893)
species :
Knautia salvadoris Sennen ex Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 136 (1934)
Distribution: SW-France (E-Pyrénées)
12 FRA
Remarks: longifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera salvadoris (Sennen ex Szabó) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia sarajevensis (Beck) Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 439 (1905)
Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina
13 BIH CRO
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia lancifolia var. sarajevensis Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 353 (1894)
= Trichera sarajevensis (Beck) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148: 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia serpentinicola Smejkal ex Kolar, Z.Kaplan, J.Suda & Stech; Preslia 87: 363-386 (2015)
Name: Serpentin-Witwenblume (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Czech Republic
11 CZE GER
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvensis subsp. serpentinicola Smejkal; Kvetena Ceske Socialist. Republ. 5: 551 (1997), nom. inval.
species :
Knautia shepardii Post & Beauverd; Pl. Postianae 1: 7 (1932)
Distribution: S-Turkey; Syria
34 SYR TUR
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Knautia sivridaghense Aykurt & Gülben; Turk. J. Bot. 48(3): 137 (2024)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Knautia slovaca Stepánek; Preslia 55(1): 1 (1983)
Distribution: Slovakia
11 SLO
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera slovaca (Stepánek) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 116 (1998)
species :
Knautia subcanescens Jord.; Index Sem. (Grenoble) 1853: 12 (1853)
Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy (SW-Alps)
12 FRA 13 ITA
Remarks: subcanescens agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvernensis (Briq.) Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 132 (1934)
= Knautia dipsacifolia subsp. arvernensis (Briq.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 55 (1979)
= Knautia subcanescens var. arvernensis Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 101 (1902)
= Knautia subcanescens var. consolatii Briq. & Cavill.; Fl. Alpes Marit. 5(2): 235 (1915)
= Knautia subcanescens var. cravinae Briq. & Cavill.; Fl. Alpes Marit. 5(2): 236 (1915)
= Trichera arvernensis (Briq.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 197 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Trichera subcanescens (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 347 (1881)
species :
Knautia subscaposa Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 53 (1852)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain (widespread); Morocco; Algeria
12 POR SPA 20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia arvensis f. subscaposa (Boiss. & Reut.) Rouy & E.G.Camus; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 109 (1903), nom. inval.
= Knautia arvensis subsp. subscaposa (Boiss. & Reut.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 22 (1940)
= Knautia arvensis subsp. subscaposa (Boiss. & Reut.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 54 (1979), isonym
= Knautia arvensis var. subintegerrima (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 55 (1979)
= Knautia arvensis var. subscaposa (Boiss. & Reut.) Pau; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 7: 91 (1907)
= Knautia purpurea subsp. subscaposa (Boiss. & Reut.) Mateo & Figuerola; Fl. Analit. Valencia 369 (1987)
= Knautia subscaposa var. subintegerrima Rouy
= Trichera collina subsp. subscaposa (Boiss. & Reut.) Rouy; Naturaliste 8: 340 (1886)
= Trichera collina var. subscaposa (Boiss. & Reut.) Pau; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 27: 434 (1898), isonym
species :
Knautia tatarica (L.) Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 13: 65 (1914)
Name: Tatarischer Schuppenkopf (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)
11 ger 14 RUS 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus tataricus (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 94 (1838)
= Cephalaria tatarica (L.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 51 (1818)
= Knautia heterotricha K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 444 (1851)
= Knautia montana (Roem. & Schult.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 651 (1830)
= Knautia tatarica (L.) Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 15: 141 (1916)
= Scabiosa heterotricha Opiz; Lotos 2: 229 (1852)
= Scabiosa montana M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 95 (1808), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa tatarica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 99 (1753)
= Trichera montana Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 57 (1818)
= Trichera tatarica (L.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia transalpina (Christ) Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 91 (1902)
Distribution: S-Switzerland; N-Italy
11 SWI 13 ITA
Remarks: subcanescens agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia sylvatica var. transalpina Christ ex Gremli; Neue Beitr. Fl. Schweiz 2: 7 (1881)
= Trichera transalpina (Christ) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia travnicensis (Beck) Szabó; Magyar Bot. Lapok 9: 51 (1910)
Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Bulgaria
13 BIH BUL CRO
Remarks: fleischmannii agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia rigidiuscula var. travnicensis Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 354 (1894)
= Trichera travnicensis (Beck) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia velebitica Szabó; Magyar Bot. Lapok 9: 50 (1910)
Distribution: Croatia (E of Velebit); Bosnia & Hercegovina
13 BIH CRO
Remarks: albanica agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera velebitica (Szabó) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia velutina Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 94 (1902)
Distribution: N-Italy (S-Alps)
13 ITA
Remarks: subcanescens agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera velutina (Briq.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia visianii Szabó; Magyar Bot. Lapok 9: 42 (1910)
Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; N-Albania; etc.
13 ALB BIH CRO
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia illyrica f. montenegrina Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 351 (1894)
= Knautia montenegrina (Beck) Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 437 (1905)
= Knautia purpurea f. montenegrina (Beck) Szabó; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39(Beibl. 89): 14 (1907)
= Trichera visianii (Szabó) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia ×alleizettei Chass. & Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 141 (1934)
Distribution: France; etc.
12 FRA
Remarks: Knautia arvensis x K. gracilis
species :
Knautia ×chassagnei Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 138 (1934)
Distribution: Spain; France; etc.
12 FRA SPA
Remarks: Knautia arvensis x K. arvernensis
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia ×lamottei Chass. & Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 140 (1934)
= Knautia ×sennenii Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 140 (1934)
= Knautia ×spectabilis Chass. & Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 140 (1934)
species :
Knautia ×dobrogensis Prodan; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 8: 675, 690 (1961)
Distribution: Romania; etc.
13 ROM
Remarks: Knautia dipsacifolia x K. macedonica
species :
Knautia ×intercedens Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 353 (1894)
Distribution: Austria; etc.
11 AUT
Remarks: Knautia dipsacifolia x K. drymeia
species :
Knautia ×leucantha Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 33: 242 (1894)
Distribution: Czech Republic; etc.
11 CZE
Remarks: Knautia arvensis ssp. arvensis x K. drymeia x K. kitaibelii
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia ×permagna Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 33: 245 (1894)
= Knautia ×simplicifolia Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 33: 241 (1894)
= Trichera ×leucantha (Schur) Holub; Preslia 70: 115 (1998)
species :
Knautia ×norica Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 109: 336 (1962)
Distribution: Austria; SC-Austria (NE-Kärnten, C-Steiermark)
11 AUT
Remarks: Knautia carinthiaca x K. drymeia
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera ×norica (Ehrend.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Knautia ×oecsemensis Nyár.; Bul. Sti. Acad. Republ. Populare Române, Sect. Sti. Biol. Agron. Geol. Geogr. 2: 83 (1950)
Distribution: Romania
13 ROM
Remarks: Knautia dipsacifolia ssp. lancifolia x K. longifolia
species :
Knautia ×posoniensis Degen; Magyar Bot. Lapok 22: 110 (1923)
Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; etc.
11 CZE SLO
Remarks: Knautia arvensis x K. kitaibelii
Synonyms: hidden
= Trichera ×posoniensis (Degen) Holub; Preslia 70: 116 (1998)
species :
Knautia ×sambucifolia (Schleich. ex Godet) Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 131 (1902)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Czech Republic; Slovakia; etc.
11 CZE GER SLO
Remarks: Knautia arvensis x K. dipsacifolia
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia sylvatica var. sambucifolia Godet; Fl. Jura 330 (1853)
= Knautia ×sequanica Szabó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 140 (1934)
= Trichera ×sambucifolia (Godet) Holub; Preslia 70: 116 (1998)
species :
Knautia ×speciosa Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 33: 239 (1894)
Distribution: Germany (Sachsen); Czech Republic; Slovakia; etc.
11 CZE GER SLO
Remarks: Knautia arvensis x drymeia
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia ×ramosissima Szabó; Math. Term. Közlem. 31(1): 383 (1911)
= Scabiosa sylvatica var. pinnatifida Celak.; Prodr. Kvet. Ceské 4: 800 (1883)
= Trichera ×speciosa (Schur) Holub; Preslia 70: 116 (1998)
species :
Knautia ×ujhelyii Jáv.; Bot. Közlem. 40: 52 (1943)
Distribution: Romania
13 ROM
Remarks: Knautia arvensis x K. longifolia
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life