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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

459.0000 Family Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. 1: 62 (1809), nom. cons.
26 genera, ca. 740 spp. Systematics according to Wallander & Albert (1999)
Species listed in database: 751; hybrids: 8
= Bolivariaceae Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent.: 20 (1838)
= Forestieraceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen.: Tab. Diagn. 345, Comm. 257 (1842)
= Fraxinaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 269, 288 (1818)
= Jasminaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 104 (1789)
= Ligustraceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han.: 245, 254 (1836)
= Nyctanthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 284 (1858)
= Schreberaceae Schnizl.; Iconogr. Fam. Regni Veg. 2: ad t. 151x (1857-1870)
= Syringaceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam.: 115 (1847)
459.0512 Genus Ligustrum L.; Sp. Pl.: 7. (1753)
Distribution: Europe; N-Africa; West, E- and Southeast Asia, Malesia; trop. Australia; Melanesia to Vanuatu; 1 S-European part of Russia and Caucasus; 1 Russian Far East
Species listed in database: 44
= Esquirolia H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 441 (1912)
= Faulia Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 84 (1837)
= Ligustridium Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 8: 271 (1839)
= Parasyringa W.W.Sm.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 27: 95 (1916)
= Phlyarodoxa S.Moore; J. Bot. 13: 229 (1875)
= Visiania DC.; Prodr. 8: 289 (1844)
species :
Ligustrum angustum B.M.Miao; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23(1): 55-56, f. 1, B, C; t. 1, f. 4 (1985)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou)
36 CHI
species :
Ligustrum australianum F.Muell.; Fragm. 5: 20 (1865)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Olea ligustrina F.Muell.; Fragm. 5: 20 (1865)
species :
Ligustrum compactum (Wall. ex G.Don) Hook.f. & Thomson ex Brandis; For. Fl. Ind. 310 (1874)
Distribution: China (Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Uttarakhand)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum chenaultii Hickel; Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1925: 52 (1925)
= Ligustrum compactum f. tubiflorum Mansf.; Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 132: 51 (1924)
= Ligustrum lancifolium Carrière ex Decne.; Ann. Gén. Hort. 22: 10 (1877)
= Ligustrum longifolium Decne.; Ann. Gén. Hort. 22: 8 (1877)
= Ligustrum oblongifolium Decne.; Ann. Gén. Hort. 22: 10 (1877)
= Ligustrum salicifolium Carrière; Rev. Hort. 1866: 380 (1866)
= Ligustrum simonii Carrière ex Decne.; Fl. des Serres 22: 10 (1877)
= Olea compacta Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 48 (1837)
variant :
var. velutinum P.S.Green; Bot. Mag. 182: t. 759 (1978)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum yunnanense L.Henry; Rev. Hort. 497 (1902)
species :
Ligustrum confusum Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., ser. 2, 2: 24 (1879)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Langkawi Isl., Pahan, Selangor)
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 LAO MYA THA 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum confusum var. macrocarpum C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India 3(9): 617 (1882)
= Ligustrum kumaonense Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. Ser. II. 2: 28 (1879)
species :
Ligustrum cumingianum Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., II 2: 28 (1879)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum glabrinerve Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 9: 3208 (1934)
= Ligustrum glomeratum var. cumingianum (Decne.) Mansf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59(132): 59 (1924)
species :
Ligustrum delavayanum Har.; J. Bot. (Morot) 14: 172 (1900)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, W-Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan); Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum delavayanum var. ionandrum (Diels) H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yunnan: 181 (1916)
= Ligustrum ionandrum Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(25): 252-253 (1912)
= Ligustrum prattii Koehne; I. Urb., Festschr. Asch.: 202 (1904)
species :
Ligustrum expansum Rehder; Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 2: 600 (1916)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); ?Vietnam
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum purpurascens Y.C.Yang; Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 12: 112, t. 7 (1939)
= Ligustrum robustum subsp. chinense P.S.Green; Kew Bull. 50(2): 385 (1995)
= Ligustrum thibeticum Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., ser. 2, 2: 21 (1879)
species :
Ligustrum fengjieense Xian Y.Li & Si Y.Zeng; Phytotaxa 494(3): 298 (2021)
Distribution: China (Chongqing)
36 CHI
species :
Ligustrum foliosum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 121 (1918)
Distribution: South Korea
38 KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum foliosum f. ovale Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 121 (1918)
species :
Ligustrum glomeratum Blume; Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1: 314 (1851)
Distribution: Andaman Isl. (South Andamans); peninsular Malaysia (Perlis); Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas (Sula Arch.); Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
41 AND 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SUL SUM XMS
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum obtusiusculum Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 314 (1851)
= Ligustrum paniculatum Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 314 (1851)
= Ligustrum pubinerve Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 314 (1851)
= Ligustrum racemosum Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 10 (1790), nom. inval.
= Ligustrum undulatum Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 314 (1851)
= Phillyrea robusta Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 681 (1826), nom. illeg.
= Phillyrea undulata Zipp. ex Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 314 (1851), nom. inval.
= Visiania glomerata (Blume) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 549 (1857)
= Visiania phyllothyrsa Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 558 (1861)
= Visiania pubinervis (Blume) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 548 (1857)
= Visiania sumatrana Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 549 (1857)
= Visiania undulata (Blume) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 548 (1857)
species :
Ligustrum gracile Rehder; Pl. Wilson. 2(3): 602-603 (1916)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum quihoui var. glabrum Mansf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59(132): 64 (1924)
= Ligustrum compactum var. glabrum (Mansf.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1010 (1936)
species :
Ligustrum guangdongense R.J.Wang & H.Z.Wen; Novon 22(1): 114 (2012)
Distribution: China (Guangdong)
36 CHI
species :
Ligustrum henryi Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(173): 90 (1889)
Distribution: Azores [I] (Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Terceira [I], Sao Jorge [I], Faial [I]); China (Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, W-Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)
21 azo 36 CHI
species :
Ligustrum ibota Siebold; Verh. Batav. Gen. 7: 36 (1830)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum ciliatum Siebold ex Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 312 (1851), nom. superfl.
= Ligustrum ibota f. glabrum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 123 (1918)
= Ligustrum ibota var. ciliatum (Siebold ex Blume) Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., II 2: 18 (1878)
species :
Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.; Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3: 207 (1780)
Name: Privet japones (FR); Japanese privet (EN)
Distribution: European Russia [I]; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); South Africa [I]; Lesotho [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Transcaucasus [I]; China (Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Guam [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Louisiana [I], Maryland [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I]); Mexico [I]; Cuba [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Colombia [I] (Cundinamarca [I]); Venezuela [I]; Brazil [I]
14 rus 21 mdr 27 les saf 33 ncs 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 62 gum 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 81 cub pue 82 clm ven 84 bra
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustridium japonicum (Thunb.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 8: 272 (1839)
= Ligustrum amamianum Koidz.; Pl. Nov. Amami-Ohsima 7: 143 (1929)
= Ligustrum amamianum var. rotundifolium (Blume) B.M.Miao; Invest. Stud. Nat., Mus. Hist. Nat. Shanghaiense 6: 72 (1986)
= Ligustrum coriaceum Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 112: 31 (1868)
= Ligustrum glabrum Decne.; Ann. Gén. Hort. 22: 10 (1877)
= Ligustrum iwaki Hisauti; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 848,. in syn. (1935)
= Ligustrum japonicum f. difformis Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 313 (1851)
= Ligustrum japonicum f. leucocarpum (Honda) T.Yamanaka; J. Jap. Bot. 41: 278 (1966)
= Ligustrum japonicum f. pubescens (Koidz.) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25: 34 (1972)
= Ligustrum japonicum f. rotundifolium (Blume) Noshiro; Fl. Japan 3a: 132 (1993)
= Ligustrum japonicum f. tricolor (Jacob-Makoy) Schelle; Beissner et al., Handb. Laubholzben.: 420 (1903)
= Ligustrum japonicum tricolor Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 114: 12 (1870)
= Ligustrum japonicum var. aureovariegatum Veitch ex J.Dix; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 2: 452 (1862)
= Ligustrum japonicum var. coriaceum (Jacob-Makoy) Blume ex H.Lév.; Énum. Arbres: 172 (1877)
= Ligustrum japonicum var. crassifolium Hisauti; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 848 (1935)
= Ligustrum japonicum var. leucocarpum Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 65: 169 (1952)
= Ligustrum japonicum var. lineare Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 114: 12 (1870)
= Ligustrum japonicum var. pubescens Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 82 (1916)
= Ligustrum japonicum var. repens Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 65(769-770): 169 (1952)
= Ligustrum japonicum var. rotundifolium Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 313 (1850)
= Ligustrum japonicum var. spathulatum Mansf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59(132): 53 (1924)
= Ligustrum japonicum var. syaryotense Masam. & T.Mori; J. Taihoku Soc. Agric. 4: 205 (1940)
= Ligustrum kellerianum Vis.; Atti Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. Lett. Arti, ser. 3, 1: 300 (1855)
= Ligustrum latifolium Thunb.; Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg. ed. 14.: 56 (1784)
= Ligustrum latifolium Vitman; Summa Pl. 1: 21 (1789), nom. illeg.
= Ligustrum lucidum var. coriaceum (Jacob-Makoy) Decne.; Ann. Gén. Hort. 22: 8 (1877)
= Ligustrum macrophyllum Decne.; Fl. des Serres 22: 9 (1877)
= Ligustrum macrophyllum var. marginatum-aureum Pynaert; Nursery Cat. (Éd. Pynaert - Van Geert) 1891: 13 (1891)
= Ligustrum ovatum Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 128 (1889)
= Ligustrum rotundifolium (Blume) Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 46: 418 (1874)
= Ligustrum rotundifolium var. pubescens (Koidz.) Hatus.; J. Jap. Bot. 24: 83 (1949)
= Ligustrum sieboldii Decne.; Ann. Gén. Hort. 22: 10 (1877)
= Ligustrum syringiflorum Decne.; Ann. Gén. Hort. 22: 9 (1877)
= Ligustrum syringifolium Decne.; Ann. Gén. Hort. 22: 9 (1877)
= Ligustrum taquetii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 378 (1912)
species :
Ligustrum leucanthum (S.Moore) P.S.Green; Kew Bull. 50(2): 384 (1995)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, S-Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang); South Korea
36 CHI 38 KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum acutissimum Koehne; I. Urban, Festschr. Aschers.: 192 (1904)
= Ligustrum acutissimum var. glabrum Z.Ying Zhang; Fl. Tsinling. 1(4): 395 (1983)
= Ligustrum henryi var. longitubum P.S.Hsu; Observ. Fl. Hwangshan: 162 (1965)
= Ligustrum ibota f. subcoriaceum Koehne; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 462 (1922)
= Ligustrum longitubum (P.S.Hsu) P.S.Hsu; Invest. Stud. Nat. 6: 106 (1986)
= Ligustrum molliculum Hance; J. Bot. 20(229): 291-292 (1882)
= Ligustrum subsessile S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 35(2): 199-200 (1954)
= Phlyarodoxa leucantha S.Moore; J. Bot. 13(152): 229 (1875)
species :
Ligustrum lianum P.S.Hsu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11(2): 200-201, t. 28 (1966)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum longipedicellatum H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1982(2): 2 (1982)
= Ligustrum yunguiense B.M.Miao; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26: 241 (1988)
species :
Ligustrum lindleyi (Wall. ex G.Don) P.S.Green; Kew Bull. 50(2): 383 (1995)
Distribution: NE-India (Meghalaya); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin, Mandalay, Shan)
40 BAN IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum massalongianum var. lindleyi (Wall. ex G.Don) C.B.Clarke; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 616 (1882), nom. illeg.
= Ligustrum massalongianum Vis.; Revis. Pl. Min. Cogn. Hort. Patav. (1855) 8
= Ligustrum myrtifolium Decne.; Fl. des Serres 22: 8 (1877)
= Ligustrum rosmarinifolium Anon.; Gard. Chron., n.s., 16: 149 (1881)
= Ligustrum spicatum Decne.; Ann. Gén. Hort. 22: 8 (1877), nom. illeg.
= Olea lindleyi Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 48 (1837)
= Olea myrtifolia Wall. ex Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 547 (1845)
species :
Ligustrum liukiuense Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 82 (1916)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.
38 NNS
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum liukiuense var. microphyllum Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 82 (1916)
species :
Ligustrum lucidum W.T.Aiton; Hortus Kew. (ed. 2) 1: 19 (1810)
Name: Glossy privet
Distribution: Spain [I]; San Marino [I]; Croatia [I]; European Russia [I]; Algeria [c]; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Tenerife [I], Gran Canaria [I]); Northern Caucasus [I]; Transcaucasus [I]; China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; South Korea; Japan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal; Australia [I] (Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Hawaii [I] (Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Louisiana [I], Maryland [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], South Carolina [I], Texas [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]
12 spa 13 cro sma 14 rus 20 alg 21 cny mdr 33 ncs 36 CHI TIB 38 jap KOR 40 NEP pak 50 aus nfk 51 nzl 63 haw 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos els gua hon 81 trt 82 clm ven 83 bol per 85 arg uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Chionanthus terminalis Roxb. ex Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 92 (1889)
= Esquirolia sinensis H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(260-262): 441 (1912)
= Ligustrum compactum var. latifolium W.C.Cheng; Contrib. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 10: 44 (1935)
= Ligustrum esquirolii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(243-247): 147 (1911)
= Ligustrum hookeri Decne.; Ann. Gén. Hort. 22: 10 (1877), nom. superfl.
= Faulia verrucosa Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 84 (1837)
= Ligustrum japonicum f. aureomarginatum (Rehder) Schelle; Beissner et al., Handb. Laubholzben.: 420 (1903)
= Ligustrum japonicum var. alivonii André; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 1886: 537 (1886)
= Ligustrum japonicum var. macrophyllum C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 797 (1911)
= Ligustrum lucidum f. alivonii (André) Schelle; Beissner et al., Handb. Laubholzben.: 420 (1903)
= Ligustrum lucidum f. aureomarginatum (Rehder) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 572 (1949)
= Ligustrum lucidum f. latifolium (W.C.Cheng) P.S.Hsu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 200 (1966)
= Ligustrum lucidum f. tricolor (Rehder) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 572 (1949)
= Ligustrum lucidum var. alivonii (André) G.Nicholson; Hand-List Trees Shrubs 2: 27 (1914)
= Ligustrum lucidum var. alivonii (André) Rehder; Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2: 913 (1900)
= Ligustrum lucidum var. aureomarginatum Rehder; L. H. Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2: 913 (1900)
= Ligustrum lucidum var. aureovariegatum Bean; Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 2: 27 (1914)
= Ligustrum lucidum var. esquirolii H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yunnan: 181 (1916)
= Ligustrum lucidum var. tricolor Rehder; L. H. Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2: 913 (1900)
= Ligustrum lucidum var. xideense J.L.Liu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 24: 130 (2004)
= Ligustrum magnoliifolium Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 129 (1889)
= Ligustrum nepalense var. glabrum Hook.; Bot. Mag. 56: t. 2921 (1829)
= Ligustrum roxburghii Blume; Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1: 315 (1850)
= Ligustrum sinense var. latifolium T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n.s., 10: 752 (1878)
= Ligustrum wallichii Vis.; Atti Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. Lett. Arti, III 4: 138 (1859)
= Olea chinensis Sweet; Hort. Brit.: 352 (1826)
= Olea clavata G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 48 (1837)
= Phillyrea paniculata Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 3 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. 1: 100 (1820), Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 1: 100 (1832)
= Phillyrea terminalis B.Heyne ex Wall.; Numer. List no.2816B (1831), nom. nud.
= Phillyrea terminalis Roxb. ex Wall.; Numer. List no.2816A (1831), nom. nud.
= Visiania paniculata (Roxb.) DC.; Prodr. 8: 289 (1844)
species :
Ligustrum micranthum Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 168 (1846)
Distribution: Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Hahajima, all major islands)
38 OGA
species :
Ligustrum minii Raizada; Raizada & H. O. Saxena, Fl. Mussoorie 1: 425 (1978), nom. nov.
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum gamblei Ramamoorthy; C. J. Saldanha & Nicolson, Fl. Hassan Distr. Karnataka, India: 513 (1976), nom. nov. superfl.
= Ligustrum roxburghii C.B.Clarke; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 615 (1882), nom. illeg., non Blume
species :
Ligustrum morrisonense Kaneh. & Sasaki; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 21: 147 (1931)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum delavayanum subsp. morrisonense (Kaneh. & Sasaki) B.M.Miao; Invest. Stud. Nat., Mus. Hist. Nat. Shanghaiense 6: 94 (1986)
species :
Ligustrum myrsinites Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., II 2: 33 (1879)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum uva-ursi Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., II 2: 34 (1879)
species :
Ligustrum nepalense Wall.; W. Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 151 (1820)
subspecies :
subsp. nepalense
Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Uttarakhand); Myanmar; Cambodia
36 TIB 40 IND NEP 41 CBD MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Faulia odorata Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 84 (1837)
= Ligustrum bracteolatum D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 107 (1825)
= Ligustrum gyirongense Y.P.Bai; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1(1): 153-154, f. 3 (1979)
= Ligustrum lanceolatum Lamb. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 107 (1825)
= Ligustrum nepalense var. grandiflorum (Wall. ex G.Don) Mansf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59(132): 62 (1924)
= Ligustrum nepalense var. vestitum C.B.Clarke; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 617 (1882)
= Ligustrum parviflorum Vis.; Atti Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. Lett. Arti, III 4: 137 (1859)
= Ligustrum spicatum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 107 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Ligustrum vestitum Wall.; Numer. List no.6304 (1832), nom. nud.
= Ligustrum wallichii Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 315 (1851), nom. illeg.
= Olea grandiflora Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 48 (1837)
= Phillyrea bracteolata Lamb. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 107 (1825)
= Phillyrea grandiflora Wall.; Numer. List: no. 2820 (1831), nom. nud.
= Visiania grandiflora (Wall. ex G.Don) DC.; Prodr. 8: 289 (1844)
subspecies :
subsp. xingrenense (D.J.Liu) X.K.Qin; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 31(2): 105 (2009)
Distribution: Tibet
36 TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum xingrenense D.J.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26(3): 243-244, f. 1 (1988)
species :
Ligustrum novoguineense Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 15 (1927)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ligustrum obovatilimbum B.M.Miao; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23(1): 55, t. 1, f. 3 (1985)
Distribution: China (Guangdong)
36 CHI
species :
Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Abt. 4(3): 168 (1846)
subspecies :
subsp. obtusifolium
Name: Border privet (EN)
Distribution: China (Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Kentucky [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], North Carolina [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I], West Virginia [I])
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO 75 usa 77 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum amurense Carrière; Rev. Hort. 1861: 352 (1861)
= Ligustrum ciliatum var. spathulatum Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 312 (1850)
= Ligustrum ibota f. angustifolium (Blume) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 123 (1918)
= Ligustrum ibota f. obtusifolium (Siebold & Zucc.) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 342 (1926)
= Ligustrum ibota f. tschonoskii (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 124 (1918)
= Ligustrum ibota Siebold ex Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 312 (1851), nom. illeg.
= Ligustrum ibota subvar. spathulatum (Blume) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 342 (1926)
= Ligustrum ibota var. amurense (Carrière) Mansf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59(132): 65 (1924)
= Ligustrum ibota var. angustifolium Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 312 (1850)
= Ligustrum ibota var. diabolicum Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 82 (1916)
= Ligustrum ibota var. obovatum Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 312 (1850)
= Ligustrum ibota var. regelianum (Koehne) Siebold ex Beissn., Schelle & Zabel; Handb. Laubholzben.: 418 (1903)
= Ligustrum ibota var. suave Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48(573): 612-614, f. 18 (1934)
= Ligustrum ibota var. tschonoskii Nakai; Fl. Kor. 2: 89 (1911)
= Ligustrum ibota var. velutinum Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 312 (1851)
= Ligustrum obtusifolium f. leiocalyx (Nakai) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 19: 71 (1962)
= Ligustrum obtusifolium f. velutinum (Blume) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 19: 72 (1962)
= Ligustrum obtusifolium subsp. suave (Kitag.) Kitag.; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 134 (1965)
= Ligustrum obtusifolium var. leiocalyx (Nakai) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 20: 329 (1944)
= Ligustrum obtusifolium var. regelianum (Koehne) Rehder; Möller´s Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 14: 218 (1899)
= Ligustrum obtusifolium var. rubescens Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 130 (1931)
= Ligustrum obtusifolium var. velutinum (Blume) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 20: 329 (1944)
= Ligustrum regelianum Koehne; I. Urban, Festschr. Aschers.: 192 (1904)
= Ligustrum suave (Kitag.) Kitag.; Neo-Lineam. Fl. Manshur.: 510 (1979)
= Ligustrum tschonoskii var. leiocalyx Nakai; Nakai & Koidz., Trees Shrubs Japan: 276 (1922)
subspecies :
subsp. microphyllum (Nakai) P.S.Green; Kew Bull. 50(2): 385 (1995)
Distribution: South Korea (Cheju Isl.)
38 KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum ciliatum var. microphyllum (Nakai) Nakai; Trees Shrubs Japan 1: 278 (1922)
= Ligustrum ibota f. microphyllum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 124 (1918)
= Ligustrum ibota var. microphyllum Nakai; Saishu-to Kuan-to Shokubutsu Hokoku-sho [Fl. Quelpaert Isl.]: 73 (1914)
species :
Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bogor.: 119 (1844)
Name: Wintergrüner Liguster (DE), California privet (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Hungary [I]; Spain [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Italy [I]; San Marino [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Azores [I] (Faial [I]); Cameroon [I]; South Africa [I]; St. Helena [I]; La Réunion [I]; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Canada [I] (Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], North Carolina [I], New Jersey [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Cuba [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Bolivia [I]; Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]
11 ger hun 12 bal cis fra spa 13 bih cro ita sma 21 azo 23 cmn 27 saf 28 sth 29 reu 38 JAP KOR 51 ctm nzl 72 cdn 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 gua 81 cub pue 83 bol 85 jnf
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum californicum Decne.; Ann. Gén. Hort. 22: 5 (1877)
= Ligustrum ciliatum var. heterophyllum Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 313 (1851)
= Ligustrum glaucum-marginatum Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 83: 24 (1882)
= Ligustrum japonicum var. ovalifolium (Hassk.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 313 (1850)
= Ligustrum medium Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 437 (1878)
= Ligustrum ovalifolium f. argenteum (Bean) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 572 (1949)
= Ligustrum ovalifolium f. aureum (Carrière) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 256 (1947)
= Ligustrum ovalifolium f. heterophyllum (Blume) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25: 34 (1972)
= Ligustrum ovalifolium var. argenteum Bean; Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 2: 27 (1914)
= Ligustrum ovalifolium var. aureomarginatum Rehder; Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2: 913 (1900)
= Ligustrum ovalifolium var. aureum Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 1862: 314 (1862)
= Ligustrum ovalifolium var. floribundum Hoefker; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 55 (1915)
= Ligustrum ovalifolium var. heterophyllum (Blume) Nakai; Nakai & Koidz., Trees Shrubs Japan: 282 (1922)
= Ligustrum ovalifolium variegatum T.Moore Proc.Hort.Soc.London 5: 138, 144
= Ligustrum quihoui var. latifolium Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36: 26 (1922)
= Ligustrum tsusimense Nakai; Nakai & Koidz., Trees Shrubs Japan, rev. ed.: 377 (1927)
variant :
var. pacificum (Nakai) Mizush.; Misc. Rep. Res. Inst. Nat. Resources 38: 123 (1955)
Distribution: Japan (Izu Isl.)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum pacificum Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 35: 151 (1921)
variant :
var. hisauchii (Makino) Noshiro; J. Jap. Bot. 60(8): 241 (1985)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Izu Isl.)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum hisauchii Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 1: 3 (1916)
species :
Ligustrum parvifolium Kiew; Reinwardtia 19(1): 19 (2020)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ligustrum pricei Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 123 (1915)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, W-Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan); Taiwan
36 CHI 38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum formosanum Rehder; Pl. Wilson. 2(3): 608-609 (1916)
= Ligustrum japonicum var. pricei (Hayata) T.S.Liu & J.C.Liao; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 31(34): 292 (1978)
= Ligustrum pedunculare Rehder; Pl. Wilson. 2(3): 609 (1916)
= Ligustrum seisuiense T.Shimizu & M.T.Kao; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 67 (1962)
species :
Ligustrum punctifolium M.C.Chang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23(1): 53-54, f. 1, A, t. 1, f. 1 (1985)
Distribution: China (Hongkong)
36 CHI
species :
Ligustrum quihoui Carrière; Rev. Hort. 1869: 377 (1869)
Name: Waxyleaf privet
Distribution: China (Anhui, NW-Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; South Korea; USA [I] (Arkansas [I], Florida [I], Maryland [I], North Carolina [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I])
36 CHI TIB 38 KOR 77 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum argyi H.Lév.; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona, n.s., 12(22): 17 (1916)
= Ligustrum brachystachyum Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., ser. 2, 2: 34. (1879).
= Ligustrum quihoui var. brachystachyum (Decne.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1011 (1936)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. brachystachyum (Decne.) Hoefker; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 (1911 publ. 1912)
species :
Ligustrum retusum Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 14(1): 49-51 (1935)
Distribution: China (Hainan); ?Vietnam
36 CHI
species :
Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 313 (1850)
subspecies :
subsp. robustum
Distribution: India (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand); Bangladesh; Andaman / Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar (Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan); N-Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
40 BAN IND 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum pubescens Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 44 (1832)
= Ligustrum punctatum Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 741 (1854)
= Ligustrum robustum var. khasianum C.B.Clarke; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 614 (1882)
= Olea robusta (Roxb.) Sweet; Hort. Brit.: 489 (1826)
= Phillyrea robusta Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 3 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. 1: 101 (1820), Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 1: 101 (1832)
= Visiania robusta (Roxb.) DC.; Prodr. 8: 289 (1844)
subspecies :
subsp. perrottetii (A.DC.) de Juana; Bouteloua 20: 8 (2015), et Bouteloua 24: 152 (2016)
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]
40 IND LDV
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum candolleanum Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 315 (1851)
= Ligustrum candolleanum Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., II 2: 28 (1879), nom. illeg.
= Ligustrum neilgherrense Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4: t. 1233 (1848)
= Ligustrum obovatum Decne.; Arch. Nouv. Mus. Par. Ser. II. 2: 22 (1879)
= Ligustrum perrottetii A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 294 (1844)
= Ligustrum perrottetii var. neilgherrense (Wight) Mansf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59(132): 48 (1924)
= Ligustrum walkeri var. tubiflorum C.B.Clarke; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 615 (1882)
subspecies :
subsp. walkeri (Decne.) P.S.Green; Kew Bull. 40(1): 130 (1985)
Distribution: Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka
29 mau reu 40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum ceylanicum Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 2: 30 (1879)
= Ligustrum decaisnei C.B.Clarke; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 616 (1882)
= Ligustrum microphyllum Bedd.; Forest. Man. Bot. 154 (1872)
= Ligustrum neilgherrense Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 2: 32 (1879), nom. illeg.
= Ligustrum robustum var. walkeri (Decne.) Mansf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59(132): 45 (1924)
= Ligustrum travancoricum Gamble; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 119 (1922)
= Ligustrum walkeri Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. Ser. II. 2: 27 (1879)
species :
Ligustrum salicinum Nakai; Bot. Mag, Tokyo 32: 122 (1918)
Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum ciliatum var. salicinum Nakai; Saishu-to Kuan-to Shokubutsu Hokoku-sho [Fl. Quelpaert Isl.] 73 (1914)
= Ligustrum mayebaranum Koidz.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 39: 22 (1925)
species :
Ligustrum sempervirens (Franch.) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. IV. 243(Heft 72): 95 (1920)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Parasyringa sempervirens (Franch.) W.W.Sm.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 27(1): 95 (1916)
= Syringa sempervirens Franch.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1(77): 613 (1886)
species :
Ligustrum sinense Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 1: 19 (1790)
Name: Privet de la China; Chinese privet
Distribution: South Africa [I]; La Réunion [I]; China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Nepal; Andaman / Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar (Kachin, Mandalay, Shan); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; Borneo [I]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Fiji [I]; Guam [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Connecticut [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], New Jersey [I], Oklahoma [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I]); Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Cuba [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Bolivia [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]
27 saf 29 reu 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 NEP 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 bor 50 aus lhi nfk 51 nzl 60 fij 62 gum 63 haw 74 usa 75 usa 77 usa 78 usa 80 cos pan 81 cub pue 83 bol 85 arg uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum calleryanum Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., ser. 2, 2: 35 (1879)
= Ligustrum chinense Carrière; Rev. Hortic. 88 (1868)
= Ligustrum deciduum Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(173): 90 (1889)
= Ligustrum fortunei C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 802 (1911)
= Ligustrum indicum (Lour.) Merr.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 24(2): 307 (1935)
= Ligustrum matsudae Kaneh. ex T.Shimizu & M.T.Kao; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 70 (1962)
= Ligustrum microcarpum Kaneh. & Sasaki; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 21: 146 (1931)
= Ligustrum microcarpum var. shakaroense (Kaneh.) Shimizu & T.C.Kao; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 69 (1962)
= Ligustrum nokoense Masam. & T.Mori; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 4: 191 (1932)
= Ligustrum shakaroense Kaneh.; Formos. Trees, ed. rev.: 620 (1936), no Latin descr.
= Ligustrum sinense var. multiflorum (Bowles) Bean; Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 2: 28 (1914)
= Ligustrum sinense var. nitidum Rehder; Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 2: 606 (1916)
= Ligustrum sinense var. stauntonii (DC.) Rehder; Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 2: 606 (1916)
= Ligustrum sinense var. villosum (May) Rehder; Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2: 913 (1900)
= Ligustrum stauntonii DC.; Prodr. 8: 294 (1844)
= Ligustrum villosum May; Rev. Hortic. (1874) 299 460 (1875)
= Olea consanguinea Hance ex Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. 3: 18 (1852)
= Olea microcarpa Vahl; Enum. Pl. Obs. 1: 43 (1804), nom. illeg.
= Olea rigida Steud.; Nomencl. Bot.: 563 (1821), nom. inval.
= Olea walpersiana Hance ex Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. 3: 17 (1852)
= Phillyrea indica Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 19. (1790)
variant :
var. chayuense (P.Y.Pai) Y.F.Deng & B.Q.Xu; Phytotaxa 20:38 (2012)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum robustum var. chayuense P.Y.Pai; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1: 154 (1979)
= Ligustrum rugosulum W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 44 (1917)
= Ligustrum sinense var. rugosulum (W.W.Sm.) M.C.Chang; Invest. Stud. Nat. 6: 78 (1986)
variant :
var. concavum M.C.Chang; Invest. Stud. Nat. 6: 81 (1986)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, E-Yunnan); Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI 41 LAO VIE
variant :
var. coryanum (W.W.Sm.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(4): 1011 (1936)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, C-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum coryanum W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(63-64): 165 (1921)
variant :
var. dissimile S.J.Hao; Guihaia 13(4): 340 (1993)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan)
36 CHI
variant :
var. luodianense M.C.Chang; Invest. Stud. Nat. 6: 77 (1986)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan)
36 CHI
variant :
var. myrianthum (Diels) Hoefker; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 57 (1915)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum bodinieri H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 295. 1914-15
= Ligustrum groffiae Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 15(3): 253 (1919 publ. 1920)
= Ligustrum myrianthum Diels; Bot. Jaarb. 29(3-4) 533 (1900)
variant :
var. opienense Y.C.Yang; Contr. Biol. Lab. Chin. Assoc. Advancem. Sci., Sect. Bot. 12: 119 (1939)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Ligustrum stenophyllum Quisumb. & Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 37: 188 (1928)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Ligustrum strongylophyllum Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(173): 93 (1889)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Ligustrum tamakii Hatus.; J. Geobot. 24(3): 54 (1977)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.
38 NNS
species :
Ligustrum tenuipes M.C.Chang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23(1): 54-55, t. 1, f. 2 (1985)
Distribution: China (NE-Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ligustrum tschonoskii Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. Ser. II. 2: 18 (1879)
Name: Tschonosky privet
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan [I]; USA [I] (District of Columbia [I])
31 RFE 38 JAP tai 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum acuminatum Koehne; I. Urb., Festschr. Asch.: 201 (1904)
= Ligustrum acuminatum var. glabrum Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 82 (1916)
= Ligustrum acuminatum var. macrocarpum (Koehne) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 807 (1911)
= Ligustrum ciliatum var. macrocarpum (Koehne) Mansf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59(132): 68 (1924)
= Ligustrum ciliatum var. tschonoskii (Decne.) Mansf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59(132): 67 (1924)
= Ligustrum kiyozumianum Nakai; Nakai & Koidz. Trees & Shrubs Japan Proper, ed. 2, 376 (1927), japonice
= Ligustrum macrocarpum Koehne; I. Urb., Festschr. Asch.: 201 (1904)
= Ligustrum medium Dieck; Neuheiten-Off. Natl.-Arbor. Zöschen 1891: 15 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Ligustrum rufum Nakai; Nakai & Koidz., Trees Shrubs Japan, rev. ed.: 377 (1927)
= Ligustrum tschonoskii f. glabrescens (Koidz.) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 25(2-3): 35 (1972)
= Ligustrum tschonoskii var. glabrescens Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 82 (1916)
= Ligustrum tschonoskii var. kiyozumianum (Nakai) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 83 (1953)
= Ligustrum tschonoskii var. macrocarpum (Koehne) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 28(3): 257 (1947)
= Ligustrum yesoense Nakai; Nakai & Koidz. Trees & Shrubs Japan Proper, ed. 1, 278 (1922), japonice
= Ligustrum yuhkianum Koidz.; Yuhki, Fl. Yamagatapraefect. 78 (1934)
species :
Ligustrum vulgare L.; Sp. Pl.: 7 (1753)
Name: Europäischer Liguster (DE), European privet (EN)
Distribution: England; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica [I]; Italy; Sicily [I]; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Estonia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; ?Algeria; Libya [c]; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira); Canary Isl. [I] (Tenerife [I]); Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I]); Mexico [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Colombia [I] (Antioquia [I]); Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]
10 GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO cis cor FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM sic SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 blr est KRY lit UKR 20 lby MOR 21 AZO cny 32 tkm tzk uzb 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 50 aus 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos 82 clm ven 83 ecu
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum album Gueldenst.; Reis. Russland: 133, 135, 187 (1787)
= Ligustrum album Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 89 (1847), nom. inval.
= Ligustrum angustifolium Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 1: 2 (1792), opus utique oppr.
= Ligustrum decipiens Gand.; Fl. Lyon.: 153 (1875)
= Ligustrum insulare Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., II 2: 24 (1879)
= Ligustrum insulense Decne.; Ann. Gén. Hort. 22: 10 (1877)
= Ligustrum italicum Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8: Ligustrum n 2. (1768)
= Ligustrum lodense Glogau; Gartenwelt 32: 658 (1928)
= Ligustrum oviforme Gand.; Fl. Lyon.: 153 (1875)
= Ligustrum sempervirens (Gray) Lindl.; T. Curtis, London Encycl. 12: 745 (1829)
= Ligustrum sempervirens Mazziari; Ionios Antologia 1: 439 (1834), nom. inval.
= Ligustrum vicinum Gand.; Fl. Lyon.: 153 (1875)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. argenteovariegatum (Weston) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 570 (1949)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. aureovariegatum (Weston) Schelle; Beissner et al., Handb. Laubholzben.: 419 (1903)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. aureum (H.Jaeger) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 122 (1889)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. auriflorum (Hoefker) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 570 (1949)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. buxifolium (G.Nicholson) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 570 (1949)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. chlorocarpum (Loudon) Schelle; Beissner et al., Handb. Laubholzben.: 419 (1903)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. densiflorum (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 570 (1949)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. flaviflorum Murr ex Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1948 (1927)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. glaucum (Mouill.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 570 (1949)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. leucocarpum (Loudon) Schelle; Beissner et al., Handb. Laubholzben.: 419 (1903)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. lodense (Glogau) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 255 (1947)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. microphyllum Murr ex Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1948 (1927)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. nanum Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 255 (1947)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. pendulum (Carrière) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 122 (1889)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. pyramidale (Späth) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 122 (1889)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. rupicola (Hoefker) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1948 (1927)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. triphyllum Murr ex Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1948 (1927)
= Ligustrum vulgare f. xanthocarpum (G.Don) Schelle; Beissner et al., Handb. Laubholzben.: 419 (1903)
= Ligustrum vulgare subsp. italicum (Mill.) Fukarek; Posebna lzd. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosne Hercegovine Sarajevu 4: 10 (1983)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. albovariegatum Hegi; 1948 (1927)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. argenteovariegatum Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 152 (1770)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. atrovirens Hoefker; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 (1911)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. aureovariegatum Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 152 (1770)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. aureum H.Jaeger
= Ligustrum vulgare var. auriflorum Hoefker; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 (1911)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. buxifolium G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 264 (1885)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. chlorocarpum Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1199 (1838)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. coombei P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 3: 520 (433) (2009)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. densiflorum C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 803 (1911)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. fontanesioides Murr; 284 (1923)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. germanicum Hayne; t. 25 (1813)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. glaucum Hoefker; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 (1911)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. glaucum Mouill.; Traité Arbr. Arbriss. 2: 976 (1896)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. insulense (Decne.) Hoefker; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 (1911)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. italicum (Mill.) Hayne; t. 25 (1813)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. italicum (Mill.) Vahl; Enum. Pl. Obs. 1: 35 (1804)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. laurifolium Hoefker; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 (1911)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. leucocarpum Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1199 (1838)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. macrophyllum Murr; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 19: 15 (1913)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. pendulum (Carrière) Hoefker; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 (1911)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. pyramidale Hoefker; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 (1911)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. rupicola Hoefker; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 57 (1915 publ. 1916)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. sempervirens Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 392 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. variegatum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 392 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. variegatum Hoefker; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 (1911)
= Ligustrum vulgare var. xanthocarpum G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 45 (1837)
= Olea humilis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 13 (1796), nom. illeg.
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life