144.0000
Family
Asparagaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 40 (1789), nom. cons., s. l.
ca. 140 genera, ca. 3400 spp. The family is nowadays expanded very much to include all of former Asparagales (from Tecophilaeaceae to Ruscaceae)
Species listed in database: 3509; hybrids: 33
= Agavaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl.: 57, 58 (1829), nom. cons.
= Anemarrhenaceae Conran, M.W.Chase & Rudall; Kew Bull. 52: 995 (1997)
= Anthericaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 27 (1858)
= Aphyllanthaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 421, 1153 (1835), Family
= Aspidistraceae Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor.: 32 (1844)
= Behniaceae Conran, M.W.Chase & Rudall; Kew Bull. 52: 996 (1997)
= Chlorogalaceae Doweld & Reveal; Reveal, Bot. Rev (Lancaster) 71: 53 (2005)
= Convallariaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 53 (1834)
= Dracaenaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 73 (1866), nom. cons.
= Eriospermaceae Orb.; Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 5: 402 (1845)
= Eucomidaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 16 (1866)
= Eustrephaceae Chupov; Bot. Zhurn (Moscow & Leningrad) 79(3): 7 (1994)
= Herreriaceae Kunth; Enum. Pl. 5: 290 (1850)
= Hesperocallidaceae Traub; Pl. Life 28: 131 (1972)
= Hostaceae B.Mathew; Kew Bull. 43: 302 (1988)
= Hyacinthaceae Batsch ex Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 315 (1797), Family
= Lachenaliaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 20 (1866)
= Laxmanniaceae Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 4: 111 (1902), Family
= Lomandraceae Lotsy; Vortr. Bot. Stammesgesch. 3: 761 (1911)
= Nolinaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 226 (1943)
= Ophiopogonaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen., Tab. Diagn. 397, Comm. 308 (1842)
= Ornithogalaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 33 (1866)
= Peliosanthaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 63 (1866)
= Polygonataceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 63 (1866)
= Ruscaceae M.Roem.; Handb. Allg. Bot. 3: 446 (1840), nom. cons.
= Sansevieriaceae Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 779 (1936)
= Scillaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 267, 284 (1818)
= Themidaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 84 (1866), Family
= Tupistraceae Schnizl.; Iconogr. Fam. Regn. Veg. 1: 72 (1846)
= Yuccaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 8 (1858)
144.7219
Genus
Ornithogalum L.; Sp. Pl. 306 (1753) s. str.
Distribution: mostly Mediterranean and Asia Minor, C-Europe, eastward to Afghanistan and C-Asia. There is big confusion about the delimitation of this genus, treated by several authors in conflicting systems.
Species listed in database: 103; hybrids: 4
= Albucea Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 109 (1830)
= Ardernia Salisb.; Gen. Pl. Fragm. 35 (1866)
= Brizophile Salisb.; Gen. Pl. Fragm. 34 (1866)
= Caruelia Parl.; Nuov. Gen. e Spec. 21 (1854)
= Fenelonia Raf.; Atl. J. 145 (1832)
= Honorius Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 177 (1821)
= Ifuon Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 12 (1836)
= Loncoxis Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 58 (1836)
= Monotassa Salisb.; Gen. Pl. Fragm. 36 (1866)
= Myanthe Salisb.; Gen. Pl. Fragm. 34 (1866)
= Myogalum Link; Handb. 1: 163 (1829)
= Parthenostachys Fourr.; Ann. Soc. L. Lyon, N. S. 17: 158 (1869)
= Phaeocles Salisb.; Gen. Pl. Fragm. 35 (1866)
= Raphelingia Dumort.; Anal. Fam. 60 (1829)
= Raxamaris Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 54 (1836)
= Tritriela Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 59 (1837)
= Virdika Adans.; Fam. 2: (19) (1763)
= xHonogalum Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11: 81 (1976)
= Zaharia Speta; Linzer Biol. Beitr. 30 (1998)
species :
Ornithogalum abyssinicum
Fresen.; Index Seminum (FRT, Francofurtensi) 1834: 4 (1834)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Ornithogalum adamii
J.C.Manning; S. African J. Bot. 149: 659 (2022)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: belongs probably in a spinoff genus
species :
Ornithogalum adanense
Demirci & E.Kaya; Türk. Geofitleri 3: 546 (2014)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum alatepense
Yild. & Kiliç; Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 22: 20 (2015 publ. 2016)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum alpigenum
Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 50: 79 (1885)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
species :
Ornithogalum amblyocarpum
Zahar.; Rev. Roumaine Biol., Ser. Bot. 10: 290 (1965)
Distribution: +Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO
species :
Ornithogalum amphibolum
Zahar.; Rev. Biol. (Bucarest) 7: 20 (1962)
Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria; NC-Greece; Moldova; Ukraine
13 BUL GRC ROM 14 MLD UKR
Remarks: Subgen. Amphibolum
species :
Ornithogalum anamurense
Speta; Preslia 72(2-4): 373 (2000)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum anatolicum
Zahar.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 128: Lettres Bot. 308 (1981)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, Antalya)
34 TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
species :
Ornithogalum apiculatum
Zahar.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 128: 306 (1981 publ. 1982)
Distribution: Syria (Jazira)
34 SYR
species :
Ornithogalum arianum
Lipsky; Fedtsch. et al., Fl. Turkmen. 1: 306 (1932)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Afghanistan (Badghys)
32 TKM 34 AFG
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
species :
Ornithogalum armeniacum
Baker; Gard. Chron. ser. 2, 11: 748 (1879)
Name: Armenischer Milchstern (DE), Armenian Star-of-Bethlehem (EN)
Distribution: North Macedonia; Greece (incl. Kiklades); East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)
13 GRC NMA 34 EAI TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum macedonicum Velen.; Allg. Bot. Z., 45 (1905)
species :
Ornithogalum atticum
Boiss. & Heldr.; Orph., Fl. Graec. Exsicc. no. 975 (1854)
Distribution: Greece (incl. Kiklades)
13 GRC
Remarks: Subgen. Anosmium
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum glaucophyllum Baker; Gard. Chron., n.s., 4: 36 (1875)
= Ornithogalum montanum subsp. atticum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 727 (1882)
= Ornithogalum fimbriatum subsp. atticum (Boiss. & Orph. ex Boiss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 305 (1890)
species :
Ornithogalum baeticum
Boiss.; Elench. 84 (1838)
subspecies :
subsp. baeticum
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; ?Morocco; ?Algeria
12 GIB POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum algeriense subsp. baeticum (Boiss.) Moret; Pl. Syst. Evol., 181(3-4): 200 (1992)
= Ornithogalum orthophyllum subsp. baeticum (Boiss.) Zahar.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 356 (1978)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum subsp. baeticum (Boiss.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 87 (2001)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. baeticum (Boiss.) Batt. & Trab.; J. A. Batt. & al., Fl. Algérie: 164 (1884)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. longebracteatum Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 216 (1862)
subspecies :
subsp. algeriense
(Jord. & Fourr.) Valdés; Bocconea 26: 118 (2013)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya
20 ALG LBY MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum algeriense Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. fasc. 1: 52 (1866)
= Ornithogalum joannoni Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. fasc. 1: 54 (1866)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum f. latifolium Batt. & Trab.; J. A. Batt. & al., Fl. Algérie: 165 (1884)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. algeriense (Jord. & Fourr.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 5: 179 (1958)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. joannoni (Jord. & Fourr.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 3: 246 (1905)
subspecies :
subsp. atlanticum
(Baker) Valdés; Bocconea 26: 118 (2013)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum comosum var. atlanticum Baker; J. Ball, Spic. Moroc.: 688 (1978)
= Ornithogalum algeriense subsp. atlanticum (Baker) Moret; Canad. J. Bot. 66: 2185 (1988)
species :
Ornithogalum balansae
Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 222 (1882)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Racha-Lechkhumi, Kartli, Mtiuleti, Kakheti, Meskheti); Armenia; Azerbaijan
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum balansae var. stenophyllum Albov; Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 260 (1893)
= Ornithogalum schmalhausenii Albov; Bull. Soc. Hort. Odessa. (1891) extr. 15 ex Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 260 (1893), in syn.
species :
Ornithogalum benguellense
Baker; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 1: 248 (1878)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: does probably belong in a spinoff genus
species :
Ornithogalum beyazoglui
Bagci, Savran & O.D.Düsen; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 18(1): 52 (2011)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum boissieri
Bidarlord & F.Ghahrem.; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 53(1-2): 69 (2016)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Ornithogalum boucheanum
(Kunth) Asch.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 16: 192 (1866)
Name: Bouché-Milchstern (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria; Poland [I]; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece; S-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; East Aegaean Isl.
11 AUT CZE ger HUN pol SLO swi 13 BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS ROM SRB 14 KRY RUS UKR 33 NCS 34 EAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Honorius boucheanus (Kunth) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11(1): 81 (1976)
= Hyacinthus boucheanus (Kunth) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Fl. Deutschland ed. 2, 1: 103 (1906)
= Myogalum boucheanum Kunth; Enum. Pl. 4: 348 (1843)
= Ornithogalum nutans subsp. boucheanum (Kunth) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 223 (1890)
= Ornithogalum nutans subsp. multiflorum Voliotis; 328 (1973)
species :
Ornithogalum bourgaeanum
Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. fasc. 1: 52 (1866)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; S-France; Italy
12 ADO BAL FRA POR SPA 13 ITA
Remarks: relationship to O. gussonei and O. kochii still unclear
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum alpestre Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 53 (1866)
= Ornithogalum kochii subsp. monticola (Jord. & Fourr.) Peruzzi; Fl. Medit. (2006)
= Ornithogalum monticola Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 54 (1866)
= Ornithogalum orthophyllum subsp. monticola (Jord. & Fourr.) O.Bolòs, Vigo, Masalles & Ninot; Fl. Man. Paísos Catalans ed. 3: 1224 (2005)
= Ornithogalum propinquum Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 53 (1866)
= Ornithogalum rigidulum Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 53 (1866)
= Ornithogalum tenuifolium var. monticola (Jord. & Fourr.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 175 (1935), isonym
= Ornithogalum tenuifolium var. monticola (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy; Fl. France 12: 417 (1910)
= Ornithogalum tenuifolium var. propinquum (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy; Fl. France 12: 417 (1910)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum f. major Cout.; Fl. Portugal 2: 159 (1939)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum f. minor Cout.; Fl. Portugal 2: 159 (1939)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum f. nevadense Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 216 (1862)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum subsp. monticola (Jord. & Fourr.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 87 (2001)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. nevadense (Willk.) Pau; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 69 (1922)
species :
Ornithogalum chetikianum
Uysal, Ertugrul & Dural; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 148: 501 (2005)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Honorius chetikianus (Uysal, Ertugrul & Dural) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo & Juan; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 107(1): 34 (2011)
species :
Ornithogalum chionophyllum
Holmboe; Veg. Cypr. Bergens Mus. Skr. N. S. 1: 49 (1914)
Distribution: Cyprus (C-Mountains)
34 CYP
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum cyprium Zahar.; Ann. Mus. Goulandris 6: 186, ff. 1-8 (1983)
species :
Ornithogalum collinum
Guss.; Ind. Sem. Horto Boccad. (1825)
subspecies :
subsp. collinum
Distribution: Slovakia; France; ?Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece; Crete; East Aegaean Isl.
11 SLO 12 FRA SAR 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA SIC 34 EAI
Remarks: O. graecum is frequently kept separate
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum bracteosum Davidov; Trav. Soc. Bulg. Sci. Nat. 8: 119 (1915)
= Ornithogalum comosum Sadler; Fl. Pest. ed. I. 1: 262 (1825) non L.
= Ornithogalum exscapum var. collinum (Guss.) Stearn; A. Strid & Kit Tan (eds.), Mount. Fl. Greece 2: 691 (1991)
= Ornithogalum graecum subsp. ciliolatum (Zahar.) Zahar.; Ann. Mus. Goulandris 5: 141, 161 (1982)
= Ornithogalum graecum subsp. ionicum Zahar.; Ann. Mus. Goulandris 5: 157 (1982), without type
= Ornithogalum graecum var. ciliolatum Zahar.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot., 128(4-5): 309 (1981 publ. 1982)
= Ornithogalum graecum Zahar.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot., 128(4-5): 309 (1981 publ. 1982)
= Ornithogalum gussonei var. bosniacum (Beck) Diklic; Fl. SR Srbije. 7: 549 (1975), isonym
= Ornithogalum gussonei var. bosniacum (Beck) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 16(3-4): 365 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Ornithogalum orthophyllum var. bosniacum (Beck) Soó; Magyar Fl. Veg. 6: 185 (1980)
= Ornithogalum polymorphum F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. France Allem. 1: 18 (1842)
= Ornithogalum subalpinum J.Gay ex Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 266 (1873)
= Ornithogalum tenuifolium var. bosniacum Beck; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 2: 48 (1887) [non O. bosniacum Beck]
= Ornithogalum villosum Kit.; Linnaea 32: 336 (1863), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. rhodium
Speta; Preslia 72: 376 (2000)
Name: Rhodischer Milchstern (DE); Rhodian Star-of-Bethlehem (EN)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos)
34 EAI
species :
Ornithogalum comosum
L.; Cent. Pl. II: 15 (1756)
Name: Schopfiger Milchstern (DE); Tufted Star-of-Bethlehem (EN)
Distribution: Austria; +Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)
11 AUT HUN SLO 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 34 EAI TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum comosum subsp. garganicum (Ten.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 727 (1882)
= Ornithogalum comosum var. contortum (Ten.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 727 (1882)
= Ornithogalum contortum Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol.: 595 (1831)
= Ornithogalum garganicum Ten.; Index Seminum (NAP) 1827: 3 (1827)
= Ornithogalum kochii var. saxatile (Vis.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 728 (1882)
= Ornithogalum pannonicum Chaix ex Vill.; Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné: 18 (1779)
= Ornithogalum saxatile Vis.; Flora 12(1 Erg.): 10 (1829)
species :
Ornithogalum corsicum
Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 133 (1868)
Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia
12 COR SAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum biflorum Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 58 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Ornithogalum exscapum proles biflorum (Nyman) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 416 (1910)
= Ornithogalum exscapum subsp. sandalioticum Tornad. & Garbari; Webbia 33(2): 396 (1979)
= Ornithogalum exscapum var. biflorum Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 728 (1882)
= Ornithogalum sandalioticum (Tornad. & Garb.) Zahar.; Ann. Mus. Goulandris 5: 145, 151 (1982)
species :
Ornithogalum cuspidatum
Bertol.; Fl. Ital. 4: 99 (1839)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, NW-Iran: Iranian Azerbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Herat); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (N-Israel)
33 ARM AZE GEO 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum byzantinum Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 264 (1873)
= Ornithogalum graciliflorum K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 248 (1850)
= Ornithogalum marginatum Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 31: t. 21 (1845), nom. illeg.
= Ornithogalum procerum Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 14 (1885)
= Ornithogalum tempskyanum Freyn & Sint.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 188 (1896)
species :
Ornithogalum dalmaticum
Speta; Phyton (Austria) 30(1): 129 (1990), et Phyton (Horn) 56(2): 155 (2016)
Distribution: Croatia
13 CRO
species :
Ornithogalum demirizanum
Malyer & Koyuncu; Turkish J. Bot. 13(2): 301 (1989)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Honorius demirizianus (Malyer & Koyuncu) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo & Juan; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 107(1): 33 (2011)
species :
Ornithogalum densum
Boiss. & C.I.Blanche; Boiss., Diagn. ser. 2, 4: 104 (1859)
Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains)
34 LEB SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum narbonense var. densum (Boiss. & C.I.Blanche) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 214 (1882)
species :
Ornithogalum dictaeum
Landström; Species of Ornithogalum L. subg. Ornithogalum (Hyacinthaceae) in Greece: 5 (1989)
Distribution: Crete
13 KRI
species :
Ornithogalum divergens
Boreau; Not. Pl. Fr. No. 3 (1847)
Distribution: Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen); Switzerland; Slovakia; ?Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Crete; Ukraine; East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania)
11 GER SLO SWI 12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SMA SRB TUE 14 UKR 34 CYP EAI ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: includes all records for ´O. umbellatum´ for the eastern Mediterranean and Balcans (Dimopoulos et al. 2016). Taxonomy still uncertain
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum declinatum Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 57 (1866)
= Ornithogalum divergens var. paterfamilias (Godr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 728 (1882)
= Ornithogalum exscapum var. refractum (Willd.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 1: 255 (1923)
= Ornithogalum ostrovicense F.K.Mey.; Haussknechtia, Beih. 15: 15 (2011)
= Ornithogalum paterfamilias Godr.; Mem. Soc. Emul. Doubs Ser. 2, 5: 15 (1854)
= Ornithogalum proliferum Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 57 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Ornithogalum refractum Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr., Suppl. : 101 (1832), nom. illeg., non Kit. ex Schltdl.
= Ornithogalum umbellatum proles paterfamilias (Godr.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 418 (1910)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum subsp. divergens (Boreau) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 3: 246 (1905), isonym
= Ornithogalum umbellatum subsp. divergens (Boreau) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 296 (1894)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum subsp. paterfamilias (Godr.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 3: 246 (1905)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. declinatum (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy; Fl. France 12: 419 (1910)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. divergens (Boreau) Beck; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosne Hercegovine Sarajevu Prir. Nauke 15: 210 (1903)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. paterfamilias (Godr.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 176 (1935)
species :
Ornithogalum euxinum
Speta; Candollea 45: 448, f. 1 (1990)
Distribution: European Turkey; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
13 TUE 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum byzantinum Azn.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 149 (1900), nom. illeg.
= Ornithogalum euxinum var. proliferum Speta; Candollea 45(2): 449, 456 (1990)
species :
Ornithogalum exaratum
Zahar.; Ann. Mus Goulandris 3: 67 (1977)
Distribution: Greece (incl. Kiklades); East Aegaean Isl.
13 GRC 34 EAI
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
species :
Ornithogalum exscapum
Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: 175 (1814)
Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Albania; W-Greece
12 COR SAR 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA SIC
Remarks: Subgen. Amphigalum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum ambiguum A.Terracc.; Atti Accad. Sci. Fis., II 8(9): 7 (1894)
= Ornithogalum bertolonii Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. fasc. 1: 58 (1866)
= Ornithogalum exscapum var. ambiguum (N.Terracc.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 1: 255 (1923)
= Ornithogalum exscapum var. parlatorei Peruzzi & N.G.Passal.; Webbia 57: 202 (2002)
= Ornithogalum microcarpum N.Terracc.; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 9: 29 (1900)
= Ornithogalum mutabile De Not.; Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino, ser. 2, 9: 441 (1848)
= Ornithogalum pauciflorum Raf.; Précis Découv. Somiol.: 44 (1814)
= Raxamaris parviflora Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 55 (1836)
species :
Ornithogalum fimbriatum
Willd.; Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schr. 3: 420 (1801)
subspecies :
subsp. fimbriatum
Name: Gefranster Milchstern (DE); Fringed Star-of-Bethlehem (EN)
Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Ukraine; Crimea; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)
13 BUL GRC ROM TUE 14 KRY UKR 34 EAI TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Hypogaeum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum ciliare Fisch. ex Graham; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 1831(Apr.-June): 191 (1831)
= Ornithogalum fimbriatum var. roegnerianum (K.Koch) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 727 (1882)
= Ornithogalum roegnerianum K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 246 (1849)
= Ornithogalum skorpili Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1887: 463 (1887)
subspecies :
subsp. gracilipes
(Zahar.) Landström; A. Strid & Kit Tan (eds.), Mount. Fl. Greece 2: 689 (1991)
Distribution: Greece (Peloponnisos, C-Greece)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum gracilipes Zahar.; Ann. Mus. Goulandris 6: 172 (1983)
species :
Ornithogalum fimbrimarginatum
F.M.Leight.; J. S. African Bot. 10: 105 (1944)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: does probably belong in a spinoff genus
species :
Ornithogalum gabrielianiae
Agapova; Willdenowia 27(1-2): 199 (1997)
Distribution: Armenia
33 ARM
species :
Ornithogalum gorenflotii
(Moret) Speta; Phyton (Austria) 30(1): 151 (1990)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum kochii subsp. gorenflotii Moret; Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Ser. 4, 9(2): 191 (1987)
species :
Ornithogalum gulnariense
Demir. & Uysal; Kew Bull. 75(1)-18: 1 (2020)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum gussonei
Ten.; Fl. Napol. 3: 371 (1827)
Distribution: Italy; Pantelleria; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Greece; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey
13 BIH CRO GRC ITA PTL SLV 34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum costatum Zahar.; Ann. Mus. Goulandris 3: 63 (1977)
= Ornithogalum gussonei subsp. tenuifolium O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 91 (1949), nom. inval.
= Ornithogalum tenuifolium Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 413 (1827), nom. illeg.
species :
Ornithogalum hajastanum
Agapova; Bot. J., URSS 51: 1313 (1966)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey
33 ARM AZE GEO 34 TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Beryllis
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum obconicum (Zahar.) Agapova; Bot. J., URSS 52: 1751 (1967) [in obs., nom. superfl.]
= Ornithogalum ponticum subsp. obconicum Zahar.; Rev. Roumaine Biol., Sér. Bot. 10: 290 (1965)
species :
Ornithogalum harbrum
Haloob & Qader; Kew Bull. 78(3): 428 (2023)
Distribution: Iraq
34 IRQ
Remarks: probably in Loncomelos
species :
Ornithogalum imereticum
Sosn.; Not. Syst. Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis., Acad. Sci. URSS, Sect. Georgica, Fasc.2, p. 3 (1938)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] (Imereti)
33 GEO
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum woronowii var. imereticum (Sosn.) Grossh.
species :
Ornithogalum immaculatum
Speta; Preslia 72(2-4): 384 (2000)
Distribution: Greece
13 GRC
species :
Ornithogalum improbum
Speta; Willdenowia, 22(1-2): 120 (1992)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum iranicum
Zahar.; Ann. Mus. Goulandris 6: 191, ff. 1-5 (1983)
Distribution: Iran (NW-Iran: Iranian Azerbaijan)
34 IRN
species :
Ornithogalum iraqense
Feinbrun; Palest. J. Bot. Jerusalem ser. 2: 146, f. 14a-d, t. 5, f. 4 (1941)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq)
34 IRQ
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
species :
Ornithogalum isauricum
O.D.Düsen & Sümbül; Israel J. Pl. Sci. 51: 75 (2003)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum joschtiae
Speta; Phyton (Austria) 29: 76, Abb. 3-4 (1989), nom. inval.
Distribution: Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum kilicii
Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 24(2): 80 (2017)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum kochii
Parl.; Fl. Ital. 2: 440 (1857)
Name: Koch-Milchstern, Schmalblättriger Milchstern (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; ?France; ?Andorra; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Ukraine; ?Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Armenia; East Aegaean Isl.
11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 UKR 20 ALG MOR 33 ARM 34 EAI
Remarks: O. umbellatum agg., diploid
Synonyms: hidden
= Hyacinthus kochii (Parl.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 1: 101 (1906)
= Ornithogalum collinum W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2: 821 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Ornithogalum gussonei subsp. kochii (Parl.) Holub
= Ornithogalum kochii var. elongatum Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 52 (1927)
= Ornithogalum kodjuricum Parsa; Kew Bull. 36 (1949)
= Ornithogalum kodjuricum var. pluriflorum Parsa; Kew Bull. 4: 36 (1949)
= Ornithogalum orthophyllum subsp. kochii (Parl.) Zahar.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 357 (1978) isonym
= Ornithogalum ruthenicum Bouché ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. 4: 363 (1843)
= Ornithogalum tenuifolium var. kochii (Parl.) Hayek
= Ornithogalum umbellatum f. angustifolium Batt. & Trab.; Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 165 (1895), nom. illeg.
= Ornithogalum umbellatum subsp. kochii (Parl.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 5: 180 (1958)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum subsp. tenuifolium Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 296 (1894)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. elongatum (Maire) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 5: 180 (1958)
species :
Ornithogalum kuereanum
Speta; Candollea 46(2): 497 (1991)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum lanceolatum
Labill.; Icon. Pl. Syr. 5: 11, t. 8, f. 1 (1812)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Cyprus; Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Israel (N-Israel)
34 CYP ISR LEB TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum billardierei Mouterde; Nouv. Fl. Liban & Syrie 1: 242 (1966)
species :
Ornithogalum libanoticum
Boiss. & C.I.Blanche; Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1, 4: 106 (1844)
Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria
34 LEB SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Honorius libanoticus (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11(1): 81 (1976)
species :
Ornithogalum luschanii
Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 50 1: 79 (1885)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq)
34 IRQ TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
species :
Ornithogalum lychnite
Speta; Leben u. Werk Ferdinand Schur (Stapfia, 32): 206 (1994), et Phyton (Horn) 56(2): 156 (2016)
Distribution: North Macedonia
13 NMA
species :
Ornithogalum macrum
Speta; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 26: 350, ff. 1-2 (1991)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum malatyanum
Mutlu; Turkish J. Bot. 36(2): 126 (2012)
subspecies :
subsp. malatyanum
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
subspecies :
subsp. aricakense
Behcet & Yapar; Nordic J. Bot. 38(11)-e02837: 2 (2020)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum marivanense
Maroofi & Ghaderi; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 60(1): 24 (2023)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Ornithogalum mekselinae
Varol; Nordic J. Bot. 23(5): 607 (2005)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum montanum
Cirillo; M. Tenore, Fl. Napol. 1: 176 (1814)
Name: Berg-Milchstern (DE); Mountain Star-of-Bethlehem (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; ?Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus; Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)
11 ger 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA SIC SRB TUE 33 AZE 34 CYP EAI ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Oreogalum
Synonyms: hidden
= Hyacinthus cirilloi E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Fl. Deutschland ed. 2, 1: 102 (1906)
= Ornithogalum byzanthinum Fox-Strangw. & Ten. ex Parl.; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2: VII. 106 (1847), non Azn.
= Ornithogalum concolor Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 3: 127 (1909)
= Ornithogalum cuspidatum Griseb.; Spicil. Fl. Rumel. 2: 392 (1846), nom. illeg.
= Ornithogalum euryphyllum Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 140 (1897)
= Ornithogalum huetii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 4: 108 (1859)
= Ornithogalum montanum var. platyphyllum (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 217 (1882)
= Ornithogalum nyssanum Petrovic; Fl. Agr. Nyss.: 799 (1882)
= Ornithogalum patulum Raf.; Prec. Decouv. 44 (1814)
= Ornithogalum platyphyllum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 64 (1844)
= Ornithogalum polyphyllum Link ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. 4: 361 (1843), nom. inval.
= Ornithogalum strangwaysii (Ten.) Speta; Phyton (Horn) 31: 58 (1991)
= Scilla strangwaysii Ten.; Index Seminum (NAP, Neapolitano) 1839: 12 (1839)
species :
Ornithogalum munzurense
Speta; Preslia 72(2-4): 392 (2000), et Phyton (Horn) 56(2): 156 (2016)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum mysum
Speta; Phyton (Horn, Austria) 31: 58, ff. 1-2 (1991)
Distribution: Turkey (W-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum nallihanense
Yild. & Dogru-Koca; Nordic J. Bot. 28(3): 329 (2010)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum navaschinii
Agapova; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 31: 31 (1998)
Distribution: Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan
14 KRY 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum azerbaidzhanicum R.A.Askerova & Garakhani; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 86: 94 (2001)
species :
Ornithogalum naxense
(Landström) Strid; Willdenowia 47(3): 295 (2017)
Distribution: Greece (Kiklades: Naxos)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum dictaeum subsp. naxense Landström; Species of Ornithogalum L. subg. Ornithogalum (Hyacinthaceae) in Greece: 7 (1989)
species :
Ornithogalum neurostegium
Boiss. & C.I.Blanche; Boiss., Fl. 5: 222 (1882) emend. Feinbrun, Fl. Pal. 4: 55, pls. 76-77 (1986)
subspecies :
subsp. neurostegium
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum fimbriatum var. atrichocaulon Gomb.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 93: 145 (1946)
= Ornithogalum neurostegium var. crispoundulatum Gomb.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 102: 337 (1956)
= Ornithogalum ulophyllum Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien 28: 19: f. 3 (1914)
subspecies :
subsp. eigii
(Feinbrun) Feinbrun; Fl. Palaestina 4: 55 (1986)
Distribution: Israel
34 ISR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum eigii Feinbrun; Palest. J. Bot., J. Ser. 2: 139 (1941)
= Ornithogalum fimbriatum var. ciliatum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 221 (1882)
= Ornithogalum neurostegium var. ciliatum (Boiss.) Mouterde; Fl. Djebel Druze: 75 (1953)
species :
Ornithogalum nitidum
Yild. & Kiliç; Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 26(2): 11 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum nivale
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 65 (1844)
Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
species :
Ornithogalum nurdaniae
Bagci & Savran; Turkish J. Bot. 33(3): 165 (2009)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum nutans
L.; Sp. Pl. 308 (1753)
Name: Nickender Milchstern (DE); Drooping Star-of-Bethlehem (EN)
Distribution: England [I]; Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Italy [I]; Croatia [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Crete; Ukraine [I]; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Pakistan [I]; Canada [I] (Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Arkansas [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], North Carolina [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I], West Virginia [I])
10 den grb nor swe 11 aut bgm cze ger hun net pol slo swi 12 cis fra 13 BUL cro GRC ita KRI rom TUE 14 ukr 34 EAI TUR 40 pak 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Albucea chlorantha Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 16: t. 1032 (1854)
= Albucea neapolitana Montandon; Friche-Joset, Syn. Fl. Jura, ed. 2: 315 (1868)
= Albucea nutans (L.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 110 (1830)
= Brizophila nutans (L.) Salisb.; Gen. Pl. Fragm. 34 (1866)
= Honorius nutans (L.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 177 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Honorius prasandrus (Griseb.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11: 81 (1976)
= Hyacinthus myogalea E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Fl. Deutschland ed. 2, 1: 102 (1906)
= Ifuon nutans (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 12 (1836)
= Myogalum affine K.Koch & C.D.Bouché; Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1855(App.): 10 (1855)
= Myogalum nutans (L.) Link; Handbuch 1: 164 (1829)
= Myogalum nutans subsp. prasandrum (Griseb.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 728 (1882)
= Myogalum prasandrum (Griseb.) Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. 1: 858 (1849)
= Myogalum thirkeanum K.Koch; Linnaea 19: 11 (1847)
= Ornithogalum asernii Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 37: 63 (1893)
= Ornithogalum chloranthum Saut. ex W.D.J.Koch; Taschenb. Deut. Schweiz. Fl.: 508 (1843), nom. illeg.
= Ornithogalum nutans subsp. prasandrum (Griseb.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 224 (1890)
= Ornithogalum nutans subsp. prasandrum (Griseb.) Radencova; Fl. Nar. Rep. Bulg. 2: 288 (1964), isonym
= Ornithogalum nutans var. multiflora Voliotis; Feddes Repert. 84(4): 328 (1973), without latin descr.
= Ornithogalum prasandrum Griseb.; Spicil. Fl. Rumel. 2: 390 (1846)
species :
Ornithogalum oligophyllum
E.D.Clarke; Travels 2(3): 555 (1816)
Name: Wenigblättriger Milchstern (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iran (NW-Iran: Iranian Azerbaijan, W-Iran)
11 ger 13 ALB BUL GRC KOS NMA SRB 34 IRN TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Leptotesta
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum aemulum Schott & Kotschy; Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 4: 161 (1854)
= Ornithogalum aucheri Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 65 (1844), et Fl. Orient. 5: 222 (1882), nom. illeg.
= Ornithogalum bifolium K.Koch; Linnaea 19: 10 (1846), nom. illeg.
= Ornithogalum brevipedicellatum Boiss. ex Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. London Bot. 13: 263 (1873)
= Ornithogalum hexapterum Fenzl ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 221 (1882)
= Ornithogalum pterocarpum Kotschy & Boiss. ex Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 263 (1873)
= Ornithogalum ruthenicum Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 393 (1846), nom. illeg.
species :
Ornithogalum orbelicum
Velen.; Sitz. Boehm. Ges. Wiss. 2: 57 1889 (1890); in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 40: 237 (1890); et Fl. Bulg. (1891) 552
Distribution: Austria; Hungary; Slovenia; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria; etc.
11 AUT HUN 13 BUL CRO KOS SLV SRB
Remarks: O. umbellatum agg., tetraploid. Distribution incomplete
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum kochii subsp. orbelicum (Velen.) Stoj.
= Ornithogalum orthophyllum subsp. orbelicum (Velen.) Zahar.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 357 (1978)
species :
Ornithogalum oreoides
Zahar.; Rev. Biol. (Bucarest) 7: 20 (1962)
Distribution: Romania; NE-Bulgaria; SW-Ukraine
13 BUL ROM 14 UKR
Remarks: Subgen. Anosmium
species :
Ornithogalum orthophyllum
Ten.; Fl. Nap. 4, Syll. App. 3: 4 (1830)
subspecies :
subsp. orthophyllum
Distribution: C-Italy; S-Italy; European Turkey; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, NW-Iran: Iranian Azerbaijan, W-Iran); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains)
13 ITA TUE 34 IRN SYR TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum etruscum Parl.; Fl. Ital. 2: 443 (1857)
= Ornithogalum orthophyllum subsp. etruscum (Parl.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 222 (1890)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum subsp. orthophyllum (Ten.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 5: 179 (1958)
= Ornithogalum undulatum Zahar.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 128: 304 (1981 publ. 1982), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. acuminatum
(Schur) Zahar.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 357 (1978)
Distribution: Romania; Ukraine
13 ROM 14 UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum acuminatum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transs. 664 (1866)
subspecies :
subsp. psammophilum
(Zahar.) Zahar.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 356 (1978)
Distribution: E-Romania
13 ROM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum psammophilum Zahar.; Rev. Biol., Roumaine 7: 27 (1962)
species :
Ornithogalum pamphylicum
O.D.Düsen & Sümbül; Israel J. Pl. Sci. 50: 73 (2002)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum pascheanum
Speta; Willdenowia, 21(1-2): 167 (1991)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey
34 EAI TUR
species :
Ornithogalum pedicellare
Boiss. & Kotschy; Unger & Kotschy, Insel Cypern 195 (1865)
Distribution: Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus, N-Cyprus)
34 CYP
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum pedicellare subsp. cylindrocarpum Zahar.; Ann. Mus. Goulandris 4: 254 (1978)
species :
Ornithogalum plurifolium
Yild. & Kiliç; Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 26(2): 16 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum pluttulum
Speta; Linz. Biol. Beitr. 22(2): 794 (1990), et Phyton (Horn) 56(2): 157 (2016)
Distribution: NE-Greece; Turkey
13 GRC 34 TUR
Remarks: often included in O. sigmoideum
species :
Ornithogalum pumilum
Zahar.; Ann. Mus. Goulandris 5: 151 (1982)
Distribution: Crete; East Aegaean Isl.
13 KRI 34 EAI
species :
Ornithogalum refractum
Kit. ex Schltdl.; Willd., Enum. Pl. Horti Berol., Suppl. 18 (1814)
Distribution: Hungary; Italy; ?Sicily; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; ?North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia)
11 HUN 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT ROM SRB TUE 14 KRY UKR 33 NCS 34 TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum adalgisae E.Groves; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 9: 71 (1877)
= Ornithogalum brutium N.Terracc.; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 4: 17 (1889-1890 publ. 1891)
= Ornithogalum exscapum var. adalgisae (E.Groves) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 1: 255 (1926)
= Ornithogalum exscapum var. brutium (N.Terracc.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 1: 255 (1923)
= Ornithogalum exscapum var. refractum (Kit. ex Schltdl.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 1: 255 (1923)
= Ornithogalum millegranum Janka; Term. Füz. 8: 29 (1884)
= Ornithogalum refractum var. adalgisae (E.Groves) E.Groves; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 532 (1885)
= Ornithogalum refractum var. brutium (N.Terracc.) Zangh.; Fl. Italica 1: 854 (1976)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum subsp. millegranum (Janka) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 305 (1890)
species :
Ornithogalum saginatum
Speta; Linz. Biol. Beitr. 22(2): 796 (1990), et Phyton (Horn) 56(2): 157 (2016)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum samariae
Zahar.; Ann. Mus. Goulandris 6: 178, ff. 1-11 (1983)
Distribution: Israel (N-Israel)
34 ISR
species :
Ornithogalum sancakense
Yild. & Kiliç; Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 26(2): 24 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum sandrasicum
Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 16(2): 2 (2009)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum sigmoideum
Freyn & Sint.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 189 (1896)
Distribution: Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; SE-Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Crete; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (NW-Iran: Iranian Azerbaijan)
13 BUL CRO GRC KOS KRI ROM SRB TUE 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 EAI IRN TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum ocellatum Speta; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 112(1): 36 (1990)
= Ornithogalum nanum Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Prodr. Fl. Graec. 1: 230 (1809) [non Thunb.]
= Ornithogalum sibthorpii Greuter; Boissiera 13: 160 (1967)
species :
Ornithogalum sintenisii
Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 5: 911 (1902)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); NW-Iran
33 AZE NCS 34 IRN
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum schischkinii Krasch.; Kom., Fl. URSS 4: 386. 743 (1935)
species :
Ornithogalum sphaerolobum
Zahar.; Ann. Mus. Goulandris 3: 60 (1977)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl.
34 EAI
species :
Ornithogalum subcoriaceum
L.Bolus; S. African Gard. 24: 50, 55 (1934)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: does probably belong in a spinoff genus
species :
Ornithogalum sumbulianum
O.D.Düsen & Deniz; Pakistan J. Bot. 37: 33 (2005)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum televirnum
Speta; Phyton (Horn) 56(2): 157 (2016)
Distribution: Croatia
13 CRO
species :
Ornithogalum transcaucasicum
Miscz. ex Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza 1: 230 (1928)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan
33 ARM AZE GEO
species :
Ornithogalum trichophyllum
Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. ser. 2, 4: 108 (1859)
Distribution: Libya; Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Iran; Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania)
20 EGY LBY 34 CYP IRN ISR JOR SIN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum brevifolium Poelln.; Portugaliae Act. Biol., Sér. B, Sist. 1: 214 (1945), nom. illeg.
= Ornithogalum fimbriatum subsp. libycum Bég. & A.Vacc; Ann. di Bot. 13: 16 (1914)
= Ornithogalum fimbriatum var. glabrum Bég. & A.Vacc.; Ann. di Bot. 13: 16 (1914)
= Ornithogalum sessile Pacho; Voy. Marm.: t. 96 (1826)
= Ornithogalum tenuifolium subsp. trichophyllum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Holmboe; Stud. Veg. Cyprus 50 (1914)
= Ornithogalum tenuifolium subvar. glabrum (Bég. & A.Vacc.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 5: 176 (1958)
= Ornithogalum tenuifolium subvar. libycum (Bég. & A.Vacc.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 5: 176 (1958)
= Ornithogalum tenuifolium var. trichophyllum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 219 (1884)
= Ornithogalum trichophyllum var. libycum (Bég. & A.Vacc.) Pamp.; Nouv. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 31: 250 (1924)
species :
Ornithogalum tropicale
Baker; J. Bot. 12: 365 (1874)
Distribution: Sierra Leone
22 SIE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unverified
species :
Ornithogalum uluense
Speta; Candollea 46(2): 257 (1991)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum umbellatum
L.; Sp. Pl. 307 (1753) (s. str.)
Name: Dolden-Milchstern (DE); Garden Star-of-Bethlehem (EN)
Distribution: England; Ireland [I]; Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen-Anhalt); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Belarus [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I])
10 den fin GRB ire nor swe 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 BAL cis COR FRA SAR 13 BIH CRO ITA SIC SLV 14 blr 50 aus 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa
Remarks: O. umbellatum agg., triploid. True distribution and synonymy uncertain, because many records were for the whole group including O. divergens, O. vulgare etc. All records from Eastern Mediterranean belong probably to O. divergens (Dimopoulos et al. 2016)
Synonyms: hidden
= Hyacinthus umbellatus (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 1: 100 (1906)
= Ornithogalum affine Boreau; Fl. Centre France, ed. 3, 2: 625 (1857), nom. illeg.
= Ornithogalum angustifolium Boreau; Notes Pl. Franç. 3: 14 (1847)
= Ornithogalum boraeanum Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. fasc. 1: 55 (1866)
= Ornithogalum campestre (Savi) Prain; Index Kew., Suppl. 4: 167 (1913)
= Ornithogalum cespititium Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. fasc. 1: 56 (1866)
= Ornithogalum corymbosum Gaterau; Descr. Pl. Montaub. 72 (1789)
= Ornithogalum dioscoridis Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 4: 82 (1902)
= Ornithogalum fasciculatum Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 3: 126 (1869)
= Ornithogalum horologicum Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 242 (1812)
= Ornithogalum hortense (Neilr.) Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 54 (1866)
= Ornithogalum minus L.; Mant. 2: 364 (1771)
= Ornithogalum nanum Ten.; Index Seminum (NAP, Neapolitano) 1830: ? (1830), nom. illeg.
= Ornithogalum parviflorum Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 56 (1866)
= Ornithogalum peyrei Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 3: 125 (1869)
= Ornithogalum praetextum Steven ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. 4: 363 (1843)
= Ornithogalum preumbellatum Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 140 (1897)
= Ornithogalum rusticum Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. fasc. 1: 55 (1866)
= Ornithogalum siculum Ucria; Nuova Racc. Opusc. Aut. Sicil. 6: 251 (1793)
= Ornithogalum stellare Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 239 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Ornithogalum tardans Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 56 (1866)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum subsp. angustifolium (Boreau) P.D.Sell; Fl. Great Britain & Ireland 5: 363 (1996), Contrary to art. 53.4 (ICBN)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum subsp. campestre (Savi) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 417 (1910)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. angustifolium (Boreau) Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France Corse 3: 191 (1855)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. angustifolium Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France 3: 191 (1856)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. angustifolium Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 418 (1910)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. hortense (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 417 (1910), nom. illeg.
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. hortense Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 158 (1859)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. minus (L.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 3: 245 (1905)
= Ornithogalum umbellatum var. nanum Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 727 (1882)
= Scilla campestris Savi; Fl. Pis. 1: 350 (1798)
= Stellaris corymbosa (Gaterau) Moench; Meth. 304 (1794)
species :
Ornithogalum umbratile
Tornad. & Garbari; Taxon 52: 577 (2003)
Distribution: Italy; +San Marino
13 ITA SMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum etruscum subsp. umbratile (Tornad. & Garbari) Peruzzi & Bartolucci; Inform. Bot. Ital. 40: 262 (2008)
species :
Ornithogalum vasakii
Speta; Linz. Biol. Beitr. 31(1): 438 (1999)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum vulgare
Sailer; Fl. Oberösterr. 1: 190 (1841)
Distribution: Germany; Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; etc.
11 AUT CZE GER SWI
Remarks: O. umbellatum agg., pentaploid. Distribution incomplete
species :
Ornithogalum wiedemannii
Boiss.; Fl. Or. 5: 221 (1882)
Distribution: Bulgaria; European Turkey; NE-Greece; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)
13 BUL GRC TUE 34 TUR
Remarks: Subgen. Amphigalum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum alatum Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 83 (1937)
variant :
var. reflexum
(Freyn & Sint.) Speta; Candollea 46: 493 (1991)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ornithogalum reflexum Freyn & Sint.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 44: 391 (1894)
= Ornithogalum cydni Schott & Kotschy; Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 4: 153 (1854)
species :
Ornithogalum woronowii
Krasch.; Kom., Fl. URSS 4: 743 (1935)
Distribution: Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Imereti, Kakheti); Armenia
14 KRY 33 ARM GEO NCS
Remarks: Subgen. Hypogaeum
species :
Ornithogalum yildirimlii
Kiliç; Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 24(2): 75 (2017)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Ornithogalum ×degenianum
Polg.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 27: 20 (1928 publ. 1929)
Distribution: Hungary; etc.
11 HUN
Remarks: Ornithogalum boucheanum x umbellatum
species :
Ornithogalum ×gugliae
Widder; Phyton (Horn) 2: 227 (1950)
Distribution: Austria; etc.
11 AUT
Remarks: Ornithogalum boucheanum x comosum
Synonyms: hidden
= xHonogalum ×gugliae (Widder) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11: 81 (1976)
species :
Ornithogalum ×vigeneri
Cif. & Giacom.; 112 (1950)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Sachsen); Italy; etc.
11 GER 13 ITA
Remarks: O. boucheanum x nutans. Frequently cultivated and usually confused with H. nutans
species :
Ornithogalum ×wildtii
Podp.; Ziva ser. 2, 23: 246 (1913)
Distribution: S-Czech Republic; W-Hungary
11 CZE HUN
Remarks: Subgen. Ornithogalum, Ornithogalum orthophyllum x Ornithogalum boucheanum
Synonyms: hidden
= xHonogalum ×wildtii (Podp.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11: 81 (1976)
