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498.0000 Family Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 62 (1809), nom. cons.
26 genera, ca. 740 spp. Systematics according to Wallander & Albert (1999)
Species listed in database: 753; hybrids: 8
= Bolivariaceae Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 20 (1839)
= Forestieraceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 345, Comm. 257 (1842)
= Fraxinaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 269, 288 (1818)
= Jasminaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 104 (1789)
= Ligustraceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 254 (1836)
= Nyctanthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 284 (1858)
= Schreberaceae Schnizl.; Iconogr. Fam. Regn. Veg. 2: ad t. 151x (1857-1870)
= Syringaceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 115 (1847)
498.0550 Genus Osmanthus Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 17 (1790)
Distribution: E- and Southeast Asia, Polynesia, 1 sp. Asia Minor and W-Transcaucasus (Adzharia)
Species listed in database: 26
= Pausia Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 9 (1838)
= Siphonosmanthus Stapf; Bot. Mag. t. 9176 (1929)
species :
Osmanthus armatus Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 532 (1900)
Distribution: China (Hubei, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus armatus var. microcarpus J.L.Liu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 21: 337 (2001)
= Osmanthus obtusifolius H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1982(2): 12 (1982)
species :
Osmanthus attenuatus P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 524, t. 18 (1958)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; China (Xinjiang); Tibet
32 KGZ 36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus lipingensis D.J.Liu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10(1): 121-122, f. 1 (1988)
species :
Osmanthus austrozhejiangensis Z.H.Chen, W.Y.Xie & Xi Liu; Guihaia 41(1): 11 (2021)
Distribution: China (Zhejiang)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus cooperi Hemsl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1896(109): 18-19 (1896)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, S-Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus dechangensis J.L.Liu & Ying Yuan; Phytotaxa 695(2): 140 (2025)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus decorus (Boiss. & Balansa) Kasapilgil; Phytologia 20 7: 446-448 (1970)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; NE-Turkey
33 GEO 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Phillyrea decora Boiss. & Balansa; Vilm. Fl. Pl. Terre, Suppl., p. ? (1867)
= Phillyrea laurifolia Anon.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 20: 494 (1883)
= Phillyrea medwedewii Sred.; Lesn. Zhurn. 7: 173 (1876)
= Phillyrea medwedewii Sred. ex Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9: 13 (1884)
= Phillyrea vilmoriniana Boiss. & Balansa; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 37 (1875)
species :
Osmanthus delavayi Franch.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1(77): 613-614 (1886)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum phillyrea H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 25: 41 (1915)
= Siphonosmanthus delavayi (Franch.) Stapf; Bot. Mag. 153: sub., t. 9176 (1929)
species :
Osmanthus didymopetalus P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 536, t. 20 (1958)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus enervius Masam. & T.Mori; J. Jap. Bot. 15(9): 548-549, f. 5 (1939)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan
38 NNS TAI
species :
Osmanthus fordii Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(173): 88 (1889)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi [I])
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 1: 29 (1790)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); South Korea [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal; India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Myanmar; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; Java; Guam [I]
36 CHI 38 kor tai 40 IND NEP pak 41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 JAW 62 gum
Synonyms: hidden
= Notelaea posua D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 107 (1825)
= Olea acuminata var. longifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 285 (1844)
= Olea acuminata Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 49 (1837)
= Olea buchananii Lamb. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 107 (1825)
= Olea fragrans Thunb.; Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 4: 39 (1783), et Syst. Veg., ed. 14 [J.A.Murray] 57 (1784)
= Olea fragrans var. acuminata (Wall. ex G.Don) Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 316 (1850)
= Olea fragrans var. alba N.N.Dai; Useful Pl. Japan 2: t. 393 (1895)
= Olea fragrans var. longifolia (DC.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 316 (1851)
= Olea fragrans var. lutea N.N.Dai; Useful Pl. Japan 2: t. 392 (1895)
= Olea ovalis Miq.; J. Bot. Néerl. 1: 111 (1861)
= Olea posua Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 107 (1825), nomen
= Osmanthus acuminatus (Wall. ex G.Don) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 14 (1930)
= Osmanthus asiaticus Nakai; Trees Shrubs Japan 264 (1922)
= Osmanthus asiaticus var. latifolius Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 6: 32 (1902)
= Osmanthus aurantiacus var. cremeus Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 27: 34 (1949)
= Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Siebold; Syn. Pl. Oecon. Jap. 36 (1830), nom. illeg.
= Osmanthus fragrans f. latifolius (Makino) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 15 (1909)
= Osmanthus fragrans var. latifolius Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 32 (1902)
= Osmanthus fragrans var. longifolius (DC.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himalaya 253 (1966)
= Osmanthus intermedius Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 27: 34 (1949)
= Osmanthus latifolius (Makino) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 337 (1926)
= Osmanthus longibracteatus H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 2: 5 (1982)
= Osmanthus macrocarpus P.Y.Pai; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1: 153 (1979)
variant :
var. aurantiacus Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 32 (1902)
Distribution: South Korea [I]; Japan
38 JAP kor
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus aurantiacus (Makino) Nakai; Trees Shrubs Japan 265 (1922)
= Osmanthus aurantiacus var. thunbergii (Makino) Honda; Nom. Pl. Japonic. 511 (1939)
= Osmanthus fragrans f. aurantiacus (Makino) P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 493 (1958)
= Osmanthus fragrans f. leucanthus T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 66: 248 (1991)
= Osmanthus fragrans f. thunbergii (Makino) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 66: 248 (1991)
= Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 4: 4 (1927)
species :
Osmanthus gracilinervis L.C.Chia ex R.L.Lu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27(1): 71 (1989)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus hainanensis P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 504-505, pl 16 (1958)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus henryi P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 499-500, t. 15 (1958)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus caudatifolius Y.P.Bai & Pang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 5(2): 181-182, f. 4 (1983)
species :
Osmanthus heterophyllus (G.Don) P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 508 (1958)
Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Vietnam
38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Olea aquifolium f. cuneata Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 264 (1866)
= Olea aquifolium f. subintegra Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 264 (1866)
= Olea aquifolium Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 166 (1846)
= Olea aquifolium var. cuneata (Miq.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 57 (1870)
= Olea aquifolium var. ilicifolia (Hassk.) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 141 (1889)
= Olea aquifolium var. myrtifolia (G.Nicholson) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 141 (1889)
= Olea aquifolium var. rotundifolia (W.Bull) H.Jaeger; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl., ed. 2: 229 (1884)
= Olea aquifolium var. subintegra (Miq.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 57 (1870)
= Olea ilicifolia Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 118 (1844)
= Olea rotundifolia (W.Bull) Entleutner; Immergr. Ziergeh. S.-Tirol 115 (1891)
= Osmanthus acutus Masam. & T.Mori; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 546 (1939)
= Osmanthus aquifolium (Thunb.) Siebold; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 166 (1846)
= Osmanthus aquifolium f. subangustatus Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 14 (1909)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. argenteomarginatus (Bean) L.H.Bailey; Stand. Cycl. Hort., ed. 2, 4: 2412 (1917)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. argenteus C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 790 (1911)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. atropurpureus C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 790 (1911)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. aureovariegatus (Mouill.) L.H.Bailey; Stand. Cycl. Hort., ed. 2, 4: 2412 (1917)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. aureus C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 790 (1911)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. ilicifolius (Hassk.) G.Nicholson; Hand-list Trees & Shrubs Arb. 2: 89 (1896)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. myrtifolius (G.Nicholson) G.Nicholson; Hand-list Trees & Shrubs Arb. 2: 89 (1896)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. purpureus Bean; Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 2: 111 (1914)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. rotundifolius (W.Bull) G.Nicholson; Hand-list Trees & Shrubs Arb. 2: 89 (1896)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. variegatus Standish; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 1: 615 (1861)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. variegatus-nanus (J.Dix) Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 112: 31 (1868)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. viridis-variegatus Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 112: 31 (1868)
= Osmanthus bibracteatus Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 71-72, f. 27 (1920)
= Osmanthus heterophyllus f. subangustatus (Makino) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25(2-3): 35 (1972)
= Osmanthus heterophyllus var. acutus (Masam. & Mori) T.S.Liu & J.C.Liao; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 31(3-4): 293 (1978)
= Osmanthus heterophyllus var. bibracteatus (Hayata) P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 516 (1958)
= Osmanthus heterophyllus var. iriomotensis Hatus.; Fl. Ryukyus, ed. 2: 170 (1994), without latin descr. or type
= Osmanthus ilicifolius (Hassk.) Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 57: 546 (1885)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 140 (1889)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. aureomarginatus (Bean) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 575 (1949)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. aureus (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 240 (1924)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. myrtifolius (G.Nicholson) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 576 (1949)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. purpurascens (Bean) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 575 (1949)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. purpureus (Bean) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 240 (1924)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. rotundifolius (W.Bull) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 240 (1924)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. subangulatus (Makino) Makino & Nemoto; Fl. Japan. [Makino & Nemoto], ed. 2: 939 (1931)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. variegatus (Standish) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 240 (1924)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. argenteomarginatus Bean; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 50: 87 (1896)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. argenteovariegatus Mouill.; Traité Arbr. Arbriss. 2: 982 (1896)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. aureomarginatus Bean; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 50: 86 (1896)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. aureovariegatus Mouill.; Traité Arbr. Arbriss. 2: 982 (1896)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. aureus (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees 758 (1927)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. bibracteatus (Hayata) Mori; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 552 (1939)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. myrtifolius (G.Nicholson) Mouill.; Traité Arbr. Arbriss. 2: 982 (1896)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. purpurascens Bean; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 50: 87 (1896)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. purpureus (Bean) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees 758 (1927)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. rotundifolius (W.Bull) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees 758 (1927)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. subangustatus (Makino) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 7: 14 (1931)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. undulatifolius Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 7: 14 (1931)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. variegatus (Standish) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees 758 (1927)
= Osmanthus integrifolius Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 191-192 (1911)
= Osmanthus myrtifolius G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 529 (1885)
= Osmanthus purpureus (Bean) Anon.; ex Contr. Conoc. Fl. Canar. (Jard. Aclim. Pl., La Orotava, Cuad. No. 79) 32 (1923)
= Osmanthus rotundifolius W.Bull; Cat. New Beautiful Rare Pl. [W.Bull] 60: 51 (1871)
species :
Osmanthus insularis Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 150 (1914)
Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Keetaajima, Anijima, Otohtojima, Hahajima); Volcano Isl. (Minami-Iwojima)
38 JAP KOR KZN NNS OGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus hachijoensis Nakai; Trees Shrubs Japan, Revis. Ed. 350 (1927)
= Osmanthus insularis f. aureus (Hatus.) T.Yamaz.; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 3a: 130 (1993)
= Osmanthus insularis var. okinawensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 69: 225 (1994)
= Osmanthus zentaroanus f. aureus Hatus.; J. Jap. Bot. 29: 231 (1954)
= Osmanthus zentaroanus Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 3: 8 (1926)
species :
Osmanthus iriomotensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 69(4): 224 (1994)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl.
38 NNS OGA
species :
Osmanthus lanceolatus Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 192 (1911)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus daibuensis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 72-74, f. 28 (1920)
= Osmanthus gamostromus Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 74-75, f. 29 (1920)
= Osmanthus kaoi (T.S.Liu & J.C.Liao) S.Y.Lu; Quart. J. Chin. Forest. 18(3): 82 (1985)
= Osmanthus lanceolatus var. kaoi T.S.Liu & J.C.Liao; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 31(3-4): 294 (1978)
species :
Osmanthus pubipedicellatus L.C.Chia ex H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 2: 15 (1982)
Distribution: China (Guangdong)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus reticulatus P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 517-518, t. 17 (1958)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus rigidus Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 37 (1918)
Distribution: Japan (Tokara Isl.)
38 JAP NNS
species :
Osmanthus serrulatus Rehder; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(3): 610-611 (1916)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus suavis King ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3(9): 607 (1882)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Sikkim, West Bengal); Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Siphonosmanthus suavis (King ex C.B.Clarke) Stapf; Bot. Mag. 153: t. 9176 (1929)
species :
Osmanthus urceolatus P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 527-528, t. 19 (1958)
Distribution: China (Hubei, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus hupehensis H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1982(2): 157 (1982)
species :
Osmanthus venosus Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 18(2): 174-176, f. 25 (1911)
Distribution: China (Hubei)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Siphonosmanthus venosus (Pamp.) Knobl.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11(110): 1031 (1934)
species :
Osmanthus yunnanensis (Franch.) P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 495 (1958)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus bambusifolius H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1982(2): 13 (1982)
= Osmanthus brevipetiolatus H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1982(2): 12 (1982)
= Osmanthus forrestii Rehder; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14: 20 (1923)
= Osmanthus forrestii var. brevipedicellatus Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1006 (1936)
= Osmanthus liangshanensis H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1982(2): 13 (1982)
= Osmanthus polyneurus H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 2: 7 (1982)
= Osmanthus rehderianus Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(4): 1006 (1936)
= Osmanthus rehderianus var. tenianus Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1006 (1936)
= Pittosporum yunnanense Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 415 (1886) (Pittosporaceae)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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