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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

459.0000 Family Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. 1: 62 (1809), nom. cons.
26 genera, ca. 740 spp. Systematics according to Wallander & Albert (1999)
Species listed in database: 751; hybrids: 8
= Bolivariaceae Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent.: 20 (1838)
= Forestieraceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen.: Tab. Diagn. 345, Comm. 257 (1842)
= Fraxinaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 269, 288 (1818)
= Jasminaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 104 (1789)
= Ligustraceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han.: 245, 254 (1836)
= Nyctanthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 284 (1858)
= Schreberaceae Schnizl.; Iconogr. Fam. Regni Veg. 2: ad t. 151x (1857-1870)
= Syringaceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam.: 115 (1847)
459.0550 Genus Osmanthus Lour.; Fl. Cochinch.: 17 (1790)
Distribution: E- and Southeast Asia, Polynesia, 1 sp. Asia Minor and W-Transcaucasus (Adzharia)
Species listed in database: 25
= Pausia Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 9 (1838)
= Siphonosmanthus Stapf; Bot. Mag. t. 9176 (1929)
species :
Osmanthus armatus Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 532 (1900)
Distribution: China (Hubei, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus armatus var. microcarpus J.L.Liu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 21: 337 (2001)
= Osmanthus obtusifolius H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1982(2): 12 (1982)
species :
Osmanthus attenuatus P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 524, t. 18 (1958)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; China (Xinjiang); Tibet
32 KGZ 36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus lipingensis D.J.Liu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10(1): 121-122, f. 1 (1988)
species :
Osmanthus austrozhejiangensis Z.H.Chen, W.Y.Xie & Xi Liu; Guihaia 41(1): 11 (2021)
Distribution: China (Zhejiang)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus cooperi Hemsl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1896(109): 18-19 (1896)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, S-Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus decorus (Boiss. & Balansa) Kasapilgil; Phytologia 20 7: 446-448 (1970)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; NE-Turkey
33 GEO 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Phillyrea decora Boiss. & Balansa; Vilm. & Rieux, Suppl. Cat. Fleurs de Pleine Terre (1867)
= Phillyrea laurifolia Anon.; Gard. Chron., n.s., 20: 494 (1883)
= Phillyrea medwedewii Sred.; Lesn. Zhurn. (St. Peterburg) 7: 173 (1876)
= Phillyrea medwedewii Sred. ex Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9: 13 (1884)
= Phillyrea vilmoriniana Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss., Fl. 4: 37 (1875)
species :
Osmanthus delavayi Franch.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1(77): 613-614 (1886)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum phillyrea H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. 25: 41 (1915)
= Siphonosmanthus delavayi (Franch.) Stapf; Bot. Mag. 153: sub. t. 9176 (1929)
species :
Osmanthus didymopetalus P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 536, t. 20 (1958)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus enervius Masam. & T.Mori; J. Jap. Bot. 15(9): 548-549, f. 5 (1939)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan
38 NNS TAI
species :
Osmanthus fordii Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(173): 88 (1889)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi [I])
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 1: 29 (1790)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); South Korea [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal; India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Myanmar; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; Java; Guam [I]
36 CHI 38 kor tai 40 IND NEP pak 41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 JAW 62 gum
Synonyms: hidden
= Notelaea posua D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 107 (1825)
= Olea acuminata var. longifolia DC.; Prodr. 8: 285 (1844)
= Olea acuminata Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 49 (1837)
= Olea buchananii Lamb. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 107 (1825)
= Olea fragrans Thunb.; Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 4: 39 (1783), et Syst. Veg. (ed. 14) 57 (1784)
= Olea fragrans var. acuminata (Wall. ex G.Don) Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 316 (1850)
= Olea fragrans var. alba N.N.Dai; Useful Pl. Jap. 2: t. 393 (1895)
= Olea fragrans var. longifolia (DC.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 316 (1850)
= Olea fragrans var. lutea N.N.Dai; Useful Pl. Jap. 2: t. 392 (1895)
= Olea ovalis Miq.; J. Bot. Neerl. 1: 111 (1861)
= Olea posua Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 107 (1825), nom. nud.
= Osmanthus acuminatus (Wall. ex G.Don) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 14 (1930)
= Osmanthus asiaticus Nakai; T. Nakai & G. Koidz., Trees Shrubs Japan: 264 (1922)
= Osmanthus asiaticus var. latifolius Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 6: 32 (1902)
= Osmanthus aurantiacus var. cremeus Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 27: 34 (1949)
= Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Siebold; Syn. Pl. Oecon. Jap.: 36 (1830), nom. illeg.
= Osmanthus fragrans f. latifolius (Makino) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 15 (1909)
= Osmanthus fragrans var. latifolius Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 32 (1902)
= Osmanthus fragrans var. longifolius (DC.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himal.: 253 (1966)
= Osmanthus intermedius Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 27: 34 (1949)
= Osmanthus latifolius (Makino) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 337 (1926)
= Osmanthus longibracteatus H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 2: 5 (1982)
= Osmanthus macrocarpus P.Y.Pai; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1: 153 (1979)
variant :
var. aurantiacus Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 32 (1902)
Distribution: South Korea [I]; Japan
38 JAP kor
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus aurantiacus (Makino) Nakai; Nakai & Koidz., Trees Shrubs Japan: 265 (1922)
= Osmanthus aurantiacus var. thunbergii (Makino) Honda; Nom. Pl. Jap.: 511 (1939)
= Osmanthus fragrans f. aurantiacus (Makino) P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 493 (1958)
= Osmanthus fragrans f. leucanthus T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 66: 248 (1991)
= Osmanthus fragrans f. thunbergii (Makino) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 66: 248 (1991)
= Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 4: 4 (1927)
species :
Osmanthus gracilinervis L.C.Chia ex R.L.Lu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27(1): 71 (1989)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus hainanensis P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 504-505, pl 16 (1958)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus henryi P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 499-500, t. 15 (1958)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus caudatifolius Y.P.Bai & Pang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 5(2): 181-182, f. 4 (1983)
species :
Osmanthus heterophyllus (G.Don) P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 508 (1958)
Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan
38 JAP KOR NNS TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Olea aquifolium f. cuneata Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 264 (1866)
= Olea aquifolium f. subintegra Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 264 (1866)
= Olea aquifolium Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 166 (1846)
= Olea aquifolium var. cuneata (Miq.) Miq.; Cat. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat.: 57 (1870)
= Olea aquifolium var. ilicifolia (Hassk.) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 141 (1889)
= Olea aquifolium var. myrtifolia (G.Nicholson) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 141 (1889)
= Olea aquifolium var. rotundifolia (W.Bull) H.Jaeger; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl., ed. 2: 229 (1884)
= Olea aquifolium var. subintegra (Miq.) Miq.; Cat. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat.: 57 (1870)
= Olea ilicifolia Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. Alt.: 118 (1844)
= Olea rotundifolia (W.Bull) Entleutner; Immergr. Ziergeh. S.-Tirol: 115 (1891)
= Osmanthus acutus Masam. & T.Mori; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 546 (1939)
= Osmanthus aquifolium (Thunb.) Siebold; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 166 (1846)
= Osmanthus aquifolium f. subangustatus Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 14 (1909)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. argenteomarginatus (Bean) L.H.Bailey; Stand. Cycl. Hort., ed. 2, 4: 2412 (1917)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. argenteus C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 790 (1911)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. atropurpureus C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 790 (1911)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. aureovariegatus (Mouill.) L.H.Bailey; Stand. Cycl. Hort., ed. 2, 4: 2412 (1917)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. aureus C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 790 (1911)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. ilicifolius (Hassk.) G.Nicholson; Hand-List Trees Shrubs 2: 89 (1896)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. myrtifolius (G.Nicholson) G.Nicholson; Hand-List Trees Shrubs 2: 89 (1896)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. purpureus Bean; Trees Shrubs Brit. Isl. 2: 111 (1914)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. rotundifolius (W.Bull) G.Nicholson; Hand-List Trees Shrubs 2: 89 (1896)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. variegatus Standish; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 1: 615 (1861)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. variegatus-nanus (J.Dix) Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 112: 31 (1868)
= Osmanthus aquifolium var. viridis-variegatus Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 112: 31 (1868)
= Osmanthus bibracteatus Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 71-72, f. 27 (1920)
= Osmanthus heterophyllus f. subangustatus (Makino) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25(2-3): 35 (1972)
= Osmanthus heterophyllus var. acutus (Masam. & Mori) T.S.Liu & J.C.Liao; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus., 31(3-4): 293 (1978)
= Osmanthus heterophyllus var. bibracteatus (Hayata) P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 516 (1958)
= Osmanthus heterophyllus var. iriomotensis Hatus.; Hatus. & T. Amano, Fl. Ryukyus, S. of Amami Isl., ed. 2: 170 (1994), without latin descr. or type
= Osmanthus ilicifolius (Hassk.) Carrière; Rev. Hort. 57: 546 (1885)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 140 (1889)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. aureomarginatus (Bean) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 575 (1949)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. aureus (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 240 (1924)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. myrtifolius (G.Nicholson) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 576 (1949)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. purpurascens (Bean) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 575 (1949)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. purpureus (Bean) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 240 (1924)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. rotundifolius (W.Bull) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 240 (1924)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. subangulatus (Makino) Makino & Nemoto; Fl. Japan., ed. 2 (Makino & Nemoto) 939 (1931)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius f. variegatus (Standish) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 240 (1924)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. argenteomarginatus Bean; Garden (London 1871-1927) 50: 87 (1896)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. argenteovariegatus Mouill.; Traité Arbr. Arbriss. 2: 982 (1896)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. aureomarginatus Bean; Garden (London 1871-1927) 50: 86 (1896)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. aureovariegatus Mouill.; Traité Arbr. Arbriss. 2: 982 (1896)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. aureus (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees: 758 (1927)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. bibracteatus (Hayata) Mori; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 552 (1939)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. myrtifolius (G.Nicholson) Mouill.; Traité Arbr. Arbriss. 2: 982 (1896)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. purpurascens Bean; Garden (London 1871-1927) 50: 87 (1896)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. purpureus (Bean) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees: 758 (1927)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. rotundifolius (W.Bull) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees: 758 (1927)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. subangustatus (Makino) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 7: 14 (1931)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. undulatifolius Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 7: 14 (1931)
= Osmanthus ilicifolius var. variegatus (Standish) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees: 758 (1927)
= Osmanthus integrifolius Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 191-192 (1911)
= Osmanthus myrtifolius G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 529 (1885)
= Osmanthus purpureus (Bean) Anon.; Cat. Pl. Jard. Aclim. Orotava: 32 (1923)
= Osmanthus rotundifolius W.Bull; Nursery Cat. (William Bull) 60: 51 (1871)
species :
Osmanthus insularis Koidz.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 28: 150 (1914)
Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Keetaajima, Anijima, Otohtojima, Hahajima); Volcano Isl. (Minami-Iwojima)
38 JAP KOR KZN NNS OGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus hachijoensis Nakai; T. Nakai & G. Koidz., Trees Shrubs Japan, ed. 2: 350 (1927)
= Osmanthus insularis f. aureus (Hatus.) T.Yamaz.; Fl. Japan 3a: 130 (1993)
= Osmanthus insularis var. okinawensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 69: 225 (1994)
= Osmanthus zentaroanus f. aureus Hatus.; J. Jap. Bot. 29: 231 (1954)
= Osmanthus zentaroanus Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 3: 8 (1926)
species :
Osmanthus iriomotensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 69(4): 224 (1994)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl.
38 NNS OGA
species :
Osmanthus lanceolatus Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 192 (1911)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus daibuensis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 72-74, f. 28 (1920)
= Osmanthus gamostromus Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 74-75, f. 29 (1920)
= Osmanthus kaoi (T.S.Liu & J.C.Liao) S.Y.Lu; Quart. J. Chinese Forest. 18(3): 82 (1985)
= Osmanthus lanceolatus var. kaoi T.S.Liu & J.C.Liao; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus., 31(3-4): 294 (1978)
species :
Osmanthus pubipedicellatus L.C.Chia ex H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 2: 15 (1982)
Distribution: China (Guangdong)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus reticulatus P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 517-518, t. 17 (1958)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus rigidus Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 32: 37 (1918)
Distribution: Japan (Tokara Isl.)
38 JAP NNS
species :
Osmanthus serrulatus Rehder; Pl. Wilson. 2(3): 610-611 (1916)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Osmanthus suavis King ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India 3(9): 607 (1882)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Sikkim, West Bengal); Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Siphonosmanthus suavis (King ex C.B.Clarke) Stapf; Bot. Mag. 153: t. 9176 (1929)
species :
Osmanthus urceolatus P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 527-528, t. 19 (1958)
Distribution: China (Hubei, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus hupehensis H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1982(2): 157 (1982)
species :
Osmanthus venosus Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 18(2): 174-176, f. 25 (1911)
Distribution: China (Hubei)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Siphonosmanthus venosus (Pamp.) Knobl.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11(110): 1031 (1934)
species :
Osmanthus yunnanensis (Franch.) P.S.Green; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22(5): 495 (1958)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Osmanthus bambusifolius H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1982(2): 13 (1982)
= Osmanthus brevipetiolatus H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1982(2): 12 (1982)
= Osmanthus forrestii Rehder; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14: 20 (1923)
= Osmanthus forrestii var. brevipedicellatus Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1006 (1936)
= Osmanthus liangshanensis H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1982(2): 13 (1982)
= Osmanthus polyneurus H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 2: 7 (1982)
= Osmanthus rehderianus Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(4): 1006 (1936)
= Osmanthus rehderianus var. tenianus Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1006 (1936)
= Pittosporum yunnanense Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 415 (1886) (Pittosporaceae)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life