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384.0000 Family Caryophyllaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 299 (1789), nom. cons.
102 genera, ca. 3250 spp. Higher systematics: Xue et al. (2023)
Species listed in database: 3336; hybrids: 59
= Alsinaceae Bartl.; Beitr. Bot. [Bartling & Wendland] 2: 159 (1825), nom. cons.
= Cerastiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 271, 292 (1818)
= Corrigiolaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 44, 49 (1829)
= Dianthaceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024), nom. illeg.
= Dianthaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 271, 293 (1818)
= Herniariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 307 (1820)
= Illecebraceae R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 413 (1810), nom. cons.
= Lychnidaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 638 (1843)
= Minuartiaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 49 (1835)
= Ortegaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 443 (1820)
= Paronychiaceae Juss.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 2: 386 (1815)
= Polycarpaeaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 49 (1835)
= Sabulinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 623 (1843)
= Saginaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 239 (1820)
= Scleranthaceae J.Presl & C.Presl; Delic. Prag. 66 (1822)
= Silenaceae Bartl.; Beitr. Bot. [Bartling & Wendland] 2: 160 (1825)
= Spergulaceae Bartl.; Beitr. Bot. [Bartling & Wendland] 2: 158 (1825)
= Stellariaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 239 (1820)
= Telephiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 633 (1829)
384.0831 Genus Petrorhagia (Ser. ex DC.) Link; Handbuch [Link] 2: 235 (1831)
Distribution: Canary Is., Europe, Mediterranean, W-(incl. Caucasus) and Middle Asia to Siberia, diversity centre in Greece and Turkey
Species listed in database: 31
= Dianthella Clauson ex Pomel; Mat. Fl. Atl. 9 (1860)
= Fiedleria Rchb.; Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch 206 (1841)
= Imperatia Moench; Methodus [Moench] 60 (1794)
= Kohlrauschia Kunth; Fl. Berol. [Kunth, 1838] 1: 108 (1838)
= Tunica Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 3, 3: 79 (1831), nom. illeg.
species :
Petrorhagia alpina (Hablitz) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 145 (1964)
subspecies :
subsp. alpina
Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan); China (N-Xinjiang); Pakistan (Swat, Astor); NW-India (Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir)
30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 AFG IRN IRQ TUR 36 CHI 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Dianthus recticaulis Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 287 (1842)
= Dianthus strictiformis Madhani & Zarre; Taxon 67(1): 103 (2018), nom. nov.
= Fiedleria alpina (Hablitz) Ovcz.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 10(7): 52 (1967)
= Gypsophila alpina Hablitz; Neueste Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Völkerbeschreib. 4: 57 (1783)
= Gypsophila stricta Bunge; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 2: 129-130 (1830)
= Tunica alpina (Hablitz) Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 43: 1546 (1958)
= Tunica stricta (Bunge) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 4: 50 (1837)
subspecies :
subsp. olympica (Boiss.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 146 (1964)
Distribution: Bulgaria; Turkey; Iran
13 BUL 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tunica olympica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 61 (1849)
species :
Petrorhagia arabica (Boiss.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 143 (1964)
Distribution: Syria (Jbel Druze); Israel (Rift Valley); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania)
34 ISR JOR SIN SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Fiedleria arabica (Boiss.) Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 608 (1968)
= Tunica arabica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 62 (1849)
species :
Petrorhagia cretica (L.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 142 (1964)
Distribution: Greece (very rare NC-, NE- & C-Greece); Turkmenistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, Jbel Druze); Saudi Arabia
13 GRC 32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 CYP IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Fiedleria cretica (L.) Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 608 (1968)
= Gypsophila cretica (L.) Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 280 (1809)
= Saponaria cretica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 584 (1762)
= Tunica brachypetala Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 1: 10 (1842)
= Tunica cretica (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 4: 49 (1838)
species :
Petrorhagia cyrenaica (E.A.Durand & Barratte) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 158 (1964)
Distribution: Libya
20 LBY
Synonyms: hidden
= Tunica thessala var. cyrenaica E.A.Durand & Barratte; Fl. Libyc. Prodr. 33 (1910)
species :
Petrorhagia dianthoides (Sm.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 158 (1964)
Distribution: W-Crete
13 KRI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gypsophila dianthoides Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 280 (1809)
= Tunica dianthioides (Sm.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 4: 48 (1838)
species :
Petrorhagia dubia (Raf.) G.López & Romo; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 45(1): 363 (1988)
subspecies :
subsp. dubia
Name: Samt-Felsennelke (DE); Hairy Pink (EN)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; ?Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread incl. most islands); Crete (incl. islets); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria); Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Hawaii [I] (Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Louisiana [I], Mississippi [I], Oklahoma [I], Texas [I]); Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Magallanes [I])
12 COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI NMA PTL SIC SRB TUE 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 33 AZE 34 EAI ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 50 aus nfk 51 nzl 63 haw 74 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 85 cle
Remarks: prolifera agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Dianthus dubius Raf.; Caratt. Nuov. Gen. 75 (1810)
= Dianthus prolifer subsp. velutinus (Guss.) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 143 (1888)
= Dianthus prolifer var. minor Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 207 (1831)
= Dianthus sartorii Froehl. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 107 (1878)
= Dianthus velutinus Guss.; Index Sem. (Boccadifalco) 1825: 5 (1825)
= Dianthus velutinus var. contractus Clementi; Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino, Ser. 2, 16: 256 (1857)
= Gypsophila velutina (Guss.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 2: 1542 (1840)
= Kohlrauschia dubia (Raf.) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 107 (1998)
= Kohlrauschia velutina (Guss.) Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 5-6: 43, t. 241 (1842)-1844
= Petrorhagia prolifera subsp. velutina (Guss.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 87 (1974)
= Petrorhagia velutina (Guss.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 166 (1964)
= Tunica prolifera proles velutina (Guss.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 160 (1896)
= Tunica prolifera subsp. velutina (Guss.) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 570 (1910)
= Tunica prolifera var. glandulifera Maire
= Tunica prolifera var. velutina (Guss.) Ewart; Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, n. s. 20: 139 (1908)
= Tunica velutina (Guss.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 6: 66 (1840)
subspecies :
subsp. mustafana Oskay; Phytotaxa 646(1): 76 (2024), as ´mustafanus´
Distribution: Turkey (Soma: Dede Mt.)
34 TUR
species :
Petrorhagia elymaitica (Mozaff.) Falat., Assadi & F.Ghahrem.; Rostaniha 19(2): 145 (2018)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Gypsophila elymaitica Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 14(2): 89 (2008)
species :
Petrorhagia fasciculata (Margot & Reut.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 150 (1964)
Distribution: W-Greece (S-Epirus, Ionian Isl.); Crete (only one record)
13 GRC KRI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gypsophila fasciculata Margot & Reut.; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 8: 281 (1839)
= Petrorhagia fasciculata var. cephallenica Damboldt & Phitos; Candollea 27: 38 (1972)
= Saponaria fasciculata (Margot & Reut.) Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 73 (1846)
= Tunica fasciculata (Margot & Reut.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 92 (1888)
species :
Petrorhagia glumacea (Bory & Chaub.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 169 (1964)
Distribution: Croatia; North Macedonia; W-Greece (Epirus, widespread Peloponnisos, Kithira)
13 CRO GRC NMA
Remarks: prolifera agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Dianthus glumaceus Bory & Chaub.; Expéd. Sci. Morée, Bot. 340 (1832)
= Kohlrauschia glumacea (Bory & Chaub.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.):224 (1924)
= Tunica glumacea (Bory & Chaub.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 517 (1867)
species :
Petrorhagia graminea (Sm.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 155 (1964)
Distribution: Greece (scattered Epirus, Kefalonia, Peloponnisos, Kithira)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Gypsophila compressa Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 100 (1878)
= Gypsophila graminea Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 279 (1809)
= Tunica graminea (Sm.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 60 (1849)
species :
Petrorhagia grandiflora Iatroú; Nordic J. Bot. 5(5): 441 (1985)
Distribution: S-Greece (SE-Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
species :
Petrorhagia hispidula (Boiss. & Heldr.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 145 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tunica hispidula Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 62 (1849)
species :
Petrorhagia kennedyae (A.K.Jacks. & Turrill) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 147 (1964)
Distribution: Cyprus (E-Cyprus, C-Mountains)
34 CYP
Synonyms: hidden
= Fiedleria kennedyae (A.K.Jacks. & Turrill) Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 608 (1968)
= Petrorhagia kennedyae (A.K.Jacks. & Turrill) Meikle; Fl. Cyprus [Meikle] 1: 220, 806 (1977)
= Tunica cypria Rech.f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 47: 163 (1939)
= Tunica kennedyae A.K.Jacks. & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 462 (1938)
species :
Petrorhagia laconica Trigas, Kalpoutz. & Kougioum.; Willdenowia 48(1): 141 (2018)
Distribution: Greece (SE-Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
species :
Petrorhagia lycica (P.H.Davis) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 142 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Fiedleria lycica (P.H.Davis) Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 608 (1968)
= Tunica lycica P.H.Davis; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 22: 163, t. 10 (1957)
species :
Petrorhagia macra (Boiss. & Hausskn.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 158 (1964)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tunica gracilis B.S.Williams; J. Bot. 28: 196 (1890)
= Tunica macra Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 81 (1888)
species :
Petrorhagia nanteuilii (Burnat) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 164 (1964)
Name: Childing Pink (EN)
Distribution: England (S-England); Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Jersey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Morocco; Algeria; Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); ?Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I]); USA [I] (California [I]); Argentina [I]
10 GRB 12 BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ITA 20 ALG MOR 21 CNY MDR 50 aus 71 cdn 76 usa 85 arg
Remarks: prolifera agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Dianthus nanteuilii Burnat; Fl. Alpes Marit. 1: 221 (1892)
= Dianthus prolifer var. nanteuilii (Burnat) Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 12: 54 (1898)
= Kohlrauschia nanteuilii (Burnat) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Watsonia 5: 115 (1962)
= Kohlrauschia prolifera subsp. nanteuilii (Burnat) M.Laínz; Bol. Inst. Estud. Asturianos, Supl. Ci. 10: 177 (1964)
= Petrorhagia prolifera subsp. nanteuilii (Burnat) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 87 (1974)
= Petrorhagia velutina var. laevicaulis (Rouy & Foucaud) Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 6: 114 (1977)
= Tunica nanteuilii (Burnat) Gürke; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 2(3): 338 (1903), isonym
= Tunica nanteuilii (Burnat) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 160 (1896)
= Tunica prolifera proles nanteuilii (Burnat) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 160 (1896)
= Tunica prolifera subvar. laevicaulis Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 160 (1896)
= Tunica prolifera subvar. pubescens Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 160 (1896)
= Tunica prolifera subsp. nanteuilii (Burnat) Graebn. & Graebn.f.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 264 (1921)
= Tunica prolifera var. glabricaulis Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 278 (1963)
= Tunica prolifera var. laevicaulis (Rouy & Foucaud) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 265 (1939)
= Tunica prolifera var. nanteuilii (Burnat) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 569 (1910)
= Tunica prolifera var. nanteuilii (Burnat) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 327 (1936), isonym
= Tunica prolifera var. pubescens (Rouy & Foucaud) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 235 (1932)
= Tunica prolifera var. scabricaulis Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 28: 343 (1937)
species :
Petrorhagia obcordata (Margot & Reut.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 188 (1982)
Distribution: Hungary; Croatia; Montenegro; Kosovo; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (NW-, W- & C-Greece, Peloponnisos, Ionian Isl., Kerkyra)
11 HUN 13 ALB CRO GRC KOS MNT TUE
Remarks: prolifera agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Tunica glumacea var. obcordata (Margot & Reut.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 517 (1867)
= Dianthus obcordatus Margot & Reut.; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genève 8: 281 (1839)
= Kohlrauschia obcordata (Marg. & Reut.) Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 6: 43 (1842-1844)
= Petrorhagia obcordata (Marg. & Reut.) S.M.Thomas; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 87(1): 72 (1983), isonym
species :
Petrorhagia ochroleuca (Sm.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 138 (1964)
Distribution: Greece (rare Attiki, C-Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Remarks: illyrica agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Gypsophila ochroleuca Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 281 (1809)
= Tunica ochroleuca (Sm.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 4: 49 (1838)
= Tunica rhodopea Velen.; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. 29: 4 (1894 publ. 1895)
species :
Petrorhagia pamphylica (Boiss. & Balansa) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 159 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tunica pamphylica Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 27 (1859)
species :
Petrorhagia peroninii (Boiss.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 159 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tunica peroninii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 81 (1888)
species :
Petrorhagia phthiotica (Boiss. & Heldr.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 149 (1964)
Distribution: Greece (C-Greece around Mt. Giona, N-Peloponnisos around Mt. Killini)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Fiedleria phthiotica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 608 (1968)
= Tunica phthiotica Boiss. & Heldr.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 92 (1888)
species :
Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 161 (1964)
Name: Sprossendes Nelkenköpfchen (DE), Proliferous Pink (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (E-England [I]); Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mainland, W-Peloponnisos, Ionian Isl., Kerkyra, Thasos, Samothraki); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; South Africa [I] (W-Cape Prov. [I]); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Tajikistan [I]; Turkey (N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Australia [I] (Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Delaware [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Kentucky [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Oklahoma [I], Pennsylvania [I], Tennessee [I], Virginia [I]); Chile [I] (O´Higgins [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I])
10 DEN grb SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 27 saf 32 tzk 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 50 aus 51 nzl 71 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa 85 cle
Remarks: prolifera agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Caryophyllus aridus Moench; Methodus [Moench] 59 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Caryophyllus diminutus (L.) Christm.; Vollst. Pflanzensyst. 6: 563 (1780)
= Cylichnanthus prolifer (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 261 (1867)
= Dianthus diminutus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1: 587 (1762)
= Dianthus prolifer L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 410 (1753)
= Dianthus prolifer subsp. diminutus (L.) Ces.; Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia [Cattaneo] 1: 289 (1844)
= Dianthus prolifer var. atapuercae Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 12: 54 (1898)
= Dianthus prolifer var. diminutus (L.) Bluff & Fingerh.; Comp. Fl. German. [Bluff & Fingerhuth] 1: 543 (1825)
= Dianthus prolifer var. diminutus (L.) Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 160 (1812)
= Dianthus prolifer var. uniflorus Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 644 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Dianthus prolifer var. uniflorus Wirtg.; Fl. Coblenz 24 (1841), nom. inval.
= Kohlrauschia diminuta (L.) Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 6: 43 (1842-1844)
= Kohlrauschia prolifera (L.) Kunth; Fl. Berol. [Kunth, 1838] 109 (1838)
= Kohlrauschia prolifera var. diminuta (L.) Rivas Goday & Bellot; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 6: 108 (1948)
= Kohlrauschia velutina var. intermedia Pérez Lara ex Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 282 (1893), nomen
= Petrorhagia prolifera f. diminuta (L.) Boza & Vasic; Fl. Srbije 10: 48 (1986)
= Silene prolifera (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 5: 107 (1901)
= Tunica pinetorum Pérez Lara; Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 25: 197 (1925)
= Tunica prolifera (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 299 (1771)
= Tunica prolifera f. virgata Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 10B(50B): 679 (1911)
= Tunica prolifera var. juniorum Marcet & Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 303 (1936)
= Tunica prolifera var. pumila Cuatrec.; Treb. Inst. Bot. Barcelona 2: 274 (1929)
= Tunica prolifera var. scabrifolia Clavaud; Fl. Gironde 1: 156 (1881)
= Tunica prolifera var. silesiaca Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 10B(50B): 679 (1911)
= Tunica prolifera var. thyraica Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 10B(50B): 679 (1911)
= Tunica prolifera var. vistulensis Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 10B(50B): 679 (1911)
species :
Petrorhagia rhiphaea (Pau & Font Quer) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 56 (1964)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tunica rhiphaea Pau & Font Quer; Cavanillesia 3: 77 (1930), nomen, et Iter Marocc. 1929: n 147 (1930) [in sched.]
species :
Petrorhagia rupestris Brullo & Furnari; Webbia 34: 156 (1979)
Distribution: Libya
20 LBY
species :
Petrorhagia sarbaghiae S.A.Ahmad; Willdenowia 44(1): 35 (2014)
Distribution: Iraq
34 IRQ
species :
Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link; Handbuch [Link] 2: 235 (1831)
subspecies :
subsp. saxifraga
Name: Felsennelke (DE), Saxifrage pink (EN)
Distribution: Netherlands [I]; Germany (Brandenburg [I], Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg [I], Bayern, Hessen [I], Hamburg [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Saarland [I], Sachsen [I], Sachsen-Anhalt [I], Thüringen [I]); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; N-Portugal; S-Spain; France; Monaco [I]; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (N- & W-Greece, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., NW-Peloponnisos); Estonia [I]; Moldova; Ukraine [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); China [I] (Beijing [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Maine [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Dakota [I], Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I])
11 AUT CZE GER HUN LIE net POL SLO SWI 12 COR FRA mco POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 est MLD ukr 33 AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 36 chi 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Dianthus filiformis Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 537 (1779)
= Dianthus saxifragus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 413 (1753)
= Gypsophila arenicola Dufour; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 240 (1860)
= Gypsophila asperula Dufour ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 100 (1878)
= Gypsophila eubonensis Sibth. & Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 519 (1867)
= Gypsophila multicaulis Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2. 875 (1812)
= Gypsophila permixta Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. Suppl.(1): 120 (1832)
= Gypsophila rigida L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 408 (1753)
= Gypsophila rigida var. scabra (Schult.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 3 (Clav. Enum. Gen.): LXX (1833)
= Gypsophila saxifraga (L.) L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1028 (1759)
= Gypsophila saxifraga var. rigida (L.) DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 31 (1813)
= Gypsophila scabra Schult. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 386 (1821), ed. 2, 1: 716 (1840)
= Imperatia filiformis Moench; Methodus [Moench] 60 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Kohlrauschia saxifraga (L.) Dandy; Watsonia 4: 42 (1957)
= Petrorhagia multicaulis Link; Handbuch [Link] 2: 235 (1831)
= Petrorhagia rigida Link; Handbuch [Link] 2: 235 (1831)
= Petrorhagia saxifraga var. juncea A.P.Khokhr.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 96(4): 107 (1991)
= Silene tunica E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 5: 107 (1901)
= Tunica arenicola Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 100 (1878)
= Tunica ciliata Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 260 (1867)
= Tunica erecta Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 10 (1866)
= Tunica rigida (L.) Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 5-6-. 42, t. 246 (1842)-1844
= Tunica saxifraga (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 300 (1771)
= Tunica saxifraga f. rigida Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1902: 28 (1902)
= Tunica saxifraga subsp. arenicola (Dufour) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 100 (1878)
= Tunica xerophila Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 10 (1866)
subspecies :
subsp. gasparrinii (Guss.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 14: 44 (1984)
Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily
12 COR SAR 13 ITA SIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Gypsophila gasparrinii Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 414 (1843)
= Petrorhagia gasparrinii (Guss.) Holub; Preslia 58(4): 302 (1986)
= Petrorhagia saxifraga f. bicolor (Jord. & Fourr.) Gamisans; Candollea 29(1): 49 (1974)
= Tunica bicolor Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 10 (1866)
= Tunica gasparrinii (Guss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 100 (1878)
species :
Petrorhagia syriaca (Boiss.) Mouterde & Greuter; Candollea 25: 226, t. 2a-c (1970)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains)
34 SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tunica syriaca Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 63 (1849)
species :
Petrorhagia thessala (Boiss.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 156 (1964)
Distribution: North Macedonia; Bulgaria; Greece (NC- & NE-Greece, Attiki, Mt. Pelion)
13 BUL GRC NMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gypsophila thessala (Boiss.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 238 (1855)
= Petrorhagia thessala var. zadukae Herzog; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 32: 195 (1927)
= Tunica orfanidesiana Clementi; Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino, Ser. 2, 16: 253 (1857)
= Tunica thessala Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 63 (1849)
= Tunica zadukae Herzog; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 24-25: 16 (1918-1919 publ. 1920), nomen
species :
Petrorhagia wheeler-hainesii Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 107(1-4): 52 (1985)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)
34 IRQ
species :
Petrorhagia zoharyana Liston; Candollea 41: 179 (1986)
Distribution: Syria (Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
34 ISR JOR SYR
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life