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Ver. 19.2
March 25th, 2024

060.0000 Family Pinaceae Spreng. ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg.: 35 (1830), nom. cons.
10 genera, ca. 220 spp.
Species listed in database: 233; hybrids: 31
= Cedraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 265, 280 (1818)
= Abietaceae Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 222, 223. (1822), nom. cons.
= Piceaceae Gorozh.; Lekts. Morf. Sist. Archegon.: 79. (1904)
= Pseudolaricoideae L.Chu Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33(5): 429 (1995)
= Lariceae Rouy; Fl. France 14: 354 (1913)
060.1003 Genus Picea A.Dietr.; Fl. Geg. Berlin 2: 794 (1824)
Distribution: northern hemisphere. Systematics and species list taken from Farjon (2017)
Species listed in database: 37; hybrids: 3
= Abies D.Don; Loudon Arb. Brit. 4: 2329 (1838)
= Veitchia Lindl.; Gard. Chron. 265 (1861)
species :
Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. (Karsten) Lief. 2/3: 324 (-325) (1881)
Name: Norway spruce (EN); Gewöhnliche Fichte, Rottanne (DE)
Distribution: England [I]; Ireland [I]; Denmark [I]; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen [I], Hamburg [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary [I]; Spain [I]; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; European Russia (C-European Russia); Uzbekistan [I]; China [I]; South Korea [I]; Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Illinois [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], North Carolina [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I])
10 den FIN grb ire NOR SWE 11 AUT bgm CZE GER hun LIE lux net POL SLO SWI 12 cis FRA spa 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS 32 uzb 36 chi 38 kor 50 aus 51 nzl 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies abies (L.) Rusby; Bull. Pharm., reimpr. p. 16 (1892)
= Abies cinerea Borkh.; Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 1: 398 (1800)
= Abies clanbrassiliana P.Lawson; Agric. Man. 370 (1836)
= Abies elegans Sm. ex Knight; Syn. Conif. 36 (1847)
= Abies eremita Hort.Gall. ex K.Koch; Dendrologie 2: II. 237 (1873)
= Abies erythrocarpa Purk. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 3: 674 (1881)
= Abies excelsa f. virgata (Jacq.) Brenner; 80 (1908)
= Abies excelsa Lam. ex Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 6: 518 (1805) (nom. illeg.)
= Abies excelsa subsp. alpestris Brügger
= Abies excelsa var. carpatica Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2294 (1838)
= Abies excelsa var. clambrasiliana Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 263 (1877)
= Abies excelsa var. communis Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2294 (1838)
= Abies excelsa var. conica Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 263 (1877)
= Abies excelsa var. elegans J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 90 (1839)
= Abies excelsa var. finedonensis M.Paul ex Gordon; Pinetum Suppl. 4 (1862)
= Abies excelsa var. gregoryana Paul ex Gordon; Pinetum Suppl.: 4 (1862)
= Abies excelsa var. miniata J.Forbes; 91 (1839)
= Abies excelsa var. nigra Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2294 (1838)
= Abies excelsa var. obovata (Ledeb.) K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 238 (1873)
= Abies excelsa var. pendula (Booth ex P.Lawson) Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 63: 40 (1868)
= Abies excelsa var. pumila Maxwell; Hort. & J. Rural Art Rural Taste 29: 201 (1875)
= Abies excelsa var. pumila-glauca A.H.Kent; Man. Conif. 71 (1881)
= Abies excelsa var. pygmaea Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2295 (1838)
= Abies excelsa var. pyramidata (Carrière) Gordon; Pinetum Suppl. 5 (1862)
= Abies excelsa var. remontii R.Sm.; Pl. Fir Tribe 5 (1874)
= Abies excelsa var. variegata J.Forbes; 91 (1839)
= Abies excelsa var. viminalis (Alstr.) Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 212 (1850)
= Abies excelsa var. viminalis Kindb.; 384 (1861)
= Abies excelsa var. vulgaris Willk.; Forstl. Fl. Deutschl. Oesterr. 66 (1875)
= Abies extrema Th.Fr.; Bot. Notiser (1867), 56
= Abies finedonensis Gordon; Pinet. Suppl. 4 (1862)
= Abies gigantea Sm. ex Carrière; Conif. ed. II. 327 (1867)
= Abies gregoryana Low ex Gordon; Pinet. Suppl. 4 (1862)
= Abies inverta R.Sm. ex Gordon; Pinet. Suppl. 4 (1862)
= Abies lemoniana Booth ex Gordon; Pinet. ed. I. 5 (1858)
= Abies medioxima Laws.; Pin. Brit. 159
= Abies miniata Knight ex Gordon; Pinet. ed. II. 8 (1875)
= Abies montana Nyman; Syll. Suppl. 602
= Abies mucronata Rauch ex Carrière; Conif. ed. II. 329 (1867)
= Abies parvula Knight; Syn. Conif. 36 (1847)
= Abies pectinata Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 411 (1792)
= Abies picea Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 2 (1768)
= Abies pumila Hort.; Blumeng., ed. 3, Siebold & Voss 1: 1241 (1895), syn.
= Abies subarctica Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 3: 674 (1881)
= Abies viminalis Wahlenb.; Fl. Suec. (Wahlenberg) 2: 630 (1826)
= Leucopitys excelsa Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Nat. 3: 70 (1913)
= Peuce abies Rich.; Ann. Mus. Par. 16: 298 (1810)
= Picea abies deflexa (Tyszk.) Krüssm.; Handb. Nadelgehölze 4: 192 (1971) (without basionym ref.)
= Picea abies f. alpestris (Brügger) Krüssm.; Handb. Nadelgehölze 4: 189 (1971) (without basionym ref.)
= Picea abies f. omorikoides D.Markovic; Fl. Veg. Golija Javor 570 (1989)
= Picea abies subsp. alpestris (Brügger) Domin; Lesn. Präce 11: 186 (1932)
= Picea abies subsp. europaea (Tepl.) Hyl.
= Picea abies subsp. subalpinum Gajic & Tosic; Fl. Veg. Golija Javor 570 (1989)
= Picea abies var. alpestris (Brügger) P.A.Schmidt; Haussknechtia, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 4: 38 (1988)
= Picea abies var. arctica Lindq.; Acta Horti Berg. 14: 309 (1948)
= Picea abies var. clanbrassiliana (P.Lawson) Th.Fr. ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens 277 (1923)
= Picea abies var. compacta Thorsrud & Reisæter; 83 (1948), nom. inval.
= Picea abies var. europaea (Tepl.) Jurk. & Parvela
= Picea abies var. germanica Lindq.; Acta Horti Berg. 14: 308 (1948)
= Picea abies var. inverta (R.Sm.) Nash ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens 276 (1923)
= Picea abies var. viminalis ( Beissn.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens 276 (1923)
= Picea alpestris (Brügger) Stein; Gartenfl. 37: 346 (1887)
= Picea clanbrasiliana Dallim.; Rep. Conif. Conf. R. H. S. 1931 (Conif. in Cult.) 25 (1932), syn.
= Picea cranstoni Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 360 (1891)
= Picea elegantissima Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 367 (1891)
= Picea excelsa f. chlorocarpa (Purk.) Ahlfv.; Sver. Fl. 819 (1901)
= Picea excelsa f. deflexa Tyszk.
= Picea excelsa f. furcata Brenner; 171 (1908)
= Picea excelsa f. oligoclada Brenner; 7 (1895)
= Picea excelsa f. pumila Beissn.
= Picea excelsa Link; Linnaea 15: 517 (1841) (nom. illeg.)
= Picea excelsa Peterm.; 522 (1838), nom. illeg.
= Picea excelsa subsp. alpestris (Brügger) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 1: 346 (1896)
= Picea excelsa var. alpestris (Brügger) Beissn.; Handb. Laubholzk. 357 (1891)
= Picea excelsa var. alpestris Brügger; Jahresber Naturf. Ges. Graubündens [Fl. Curiensis] 17: 154 (1874)
= Picea excelsa var. aurea Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 246 (1855)
= Picea excelsa var. balcanica Velen.; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. ser. 7, 1(8): 41 (1886)
= Picea excelsa var. chlorocarpa Purk.; Allg. Forst- Jagd-Zeitung 53: 1 (1877)
= Picea excelsa var. compacta Booth ex G.Kirchn.; Arbor. Muscav. 695 (1864)
= Picea excelsa var. cranstonii Knight & Perry ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 248 (1855)
= Picea excelsa var. inverta (R.Sm.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. ed. 2: 335 (1867)
= Picea excelsa var. maxwellii Maxwell; Cat. 1873: ? (1873)
= Picea excelsa var. merkii Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. ed. 2: 440 (1884)
= Picea excelsa var. microsperma Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 116 (1923)
= Picea excelsa var. obovata (Ledeb.) Blytt; Norges Fl. 2: 391 (1874)
= Picea excelsa var. parviformis Maxwell; Hort. & J. Rural Art Rural Taste 29: 201 (1874)
= Picea excelsa var. pendula-major Simon-Louis ex Sénécl.; Conifères 29 (1868)
= Picea excelsa var. procumbens Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 251 (1855)
= Picea excelsa var. pyramidata Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 247 (1855)
= Picea excelsa var. tabuliformis Carrière; Prod. Fix. Var. Veget. 52 (1865)
= Picea excelsa var. viminalis (Alstr.) Casp.; Schriften Phys.-Ökon. Ges. Königsberg 19: 153 (1878)
= Picea excelsa var. virgata Jacques; Ann. Soc. Hort. Paris 44: 653 (1853)
= Picea finedonensis Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 367 (1891)
= Picea gregoryana Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 364 (1891)
= Picea integrisquamis (Carrière) Chiov.; Fl. Alpi Lepont Occid. 3: 16 (1935)
= Picea maxwelli Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 366 (1891)
= Picea montana Schur; Verz. Siebenb. Ver. Naturw. 2: 169 (1851)
= Picea obovata var. alpestris (Brügger) A.Henry; Trees Great Britain 6: 1360 (1913)
= Picea remonti Beissn.; Beissn. Handb. Nadelholzk. 363 (1891)
= Picea rubra A.Dietr.; 795 (1824), nom. illeg.
= Picea subarctica Schur; Sertum. (1853) 69. n. 2630
= Picea viminalis Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 360 (1891)
= Picea vulgaris Link; Abh, Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1827: 180 (1830), nom. illeg.
= Picea vulgaris var. alpestris (Brügger) Becc.; Wiss. Mitt. Bosnien & Herzegovina 9: 413 (1906)
= Picea vulgaris var. apiculata Beck; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 2: 61 (1887)
= Picea vulgaris var. europaea Tepl.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(II): 249 (1869)
= Picea vulgaris var. uwarowii Kauffm.; Mosk. Fl. 605 (1866)
= Picea vulgaris var. viminalis (Alstr.) Casp.; Schriften Phys.-Ökon. Ges. Königsberg 14: 125 (1873)
= Pinus abies L.; Sp. Pl.: 1002 (1753)
= Pinus abies var. germanica Lindq.; Acta Horti Berg. 14(8): 308 (1948)
= Pinus abies var. medioxima Nyl.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 10: 501 (1863)
= Pinus abies var. obovata (Ledeb.) Andersson ex A.Murray bis; Pinet. Brit. 2: 162 (1868)
= Pinus abies var. viminalis (Alstr.) Schreb.; 124 (1811)
= Pinus abies var. viminalis (Alstr.) Wahlenb.; Fl. Suec. (Wahlenberg) 2: 630 (1826)
= Pinus carpatica Hort ex Gordon; Pinet. 180 (1858)
= Pinus cinerea Borkh.; 6 (1790)
= Pinus cinerea Roehl.; Deutschl. Fl. 376
= Pinus clanbrasiliana J.Forbes; Hort. Woburn. 210 (1833)
= Pinus excelsa Lam.; 202 (1779), nom. illeg.
= Pinus excelsa var. gregoryana Murr; 131 (1900)
= Pinus montana Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 946 (Index) (1866)
= Pinus orientalis Friv. ex Carrière; Conif. ed. I. 210 (1855)
= Pinus picea Du Roi; Diss. Observ. Bot. 37 (1771)
= Pinus picea var. alba Borkh.; 401 (1800)
= Pinus picea var. cinerea Borkh.; 398 (1800)
= Pinus picea var. conica Endl.; Syn. Conif. 117 (1847)
= Pinus picea var. graeca Fraas; Syn. Pl. Fl. Class. 265 (1845)
= Pinus picea var. longa Borkh.; 401 (1800)
= Pinus picea var. nana Borkh.; 401 (1800)
= Pinus picea var. viminalis (Alstr.) Endl.; Syn. Conif. 117 (1847)
= Pinus pyramidalis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 399 (1796)
= Pinus sativa Lam.; Fl. Franc. (Lamarck) 2: 200 (1779)
= Pinus viminalis Alstr.; Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 310 (1777)
variant :
var. acuminata (Beck) Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.; Handb. Conif. ed. 2: 390 (1931)
Distribution: Europe (Jura, Alps, Carpathian Mts.); S-Norway; ?Sweden
10 NOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea excelsa var. acuminata Beck; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 2: 61 (1887)
= Picea abies subsp. acuminata (Beck) Parfenov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 8 (1971)
= Picea abies subsp. acuminata (Beck) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 53 (2008), isonym
species :
Picea alcoquiana (Veitch ex Lindl.) Carrière; Conif. ed. II. 343 (1867)
Distribution: Japan (C-Honshu)
38 JAP
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies alcockiana Lindl. ex K.Koch; Dendrologie 2: II. 245 (1873)
= Abies alcoqueana Gordon; Pinet. Supp. 8 (´desc. falsa´) (1858)
= Abies alcoquiana Veitch ex Lindl.; Gard. Chron. 1861(2): 23 (1861)
= Abies bicolor Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Petersb. 10: 488 (1866)
= Picea bicolor Maxim. ex Parl.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 16(2,2): 418 (1868)
= Pinus alcoquiana Parl.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 16(2,2): 417 (1868)
= Picea bicolor Mayr; Fremdl. Wald-u. Parkbaume Eur. 323 (1906)
= Picea alcoquiana f. chlorocarpa (Hayashi) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 80(6): 323
variant :
var. acicularis (Maxim. ex Beissn.) Fitschen; Handb. Nadelholzk. ed. 3: 258 (1930)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu: Yatsugadake Mts.)
38 JAP
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea shirasawae Hayashi; Ill. Useful Trees f. 43 (1969)
= Picea bicolor var. acicularis (Maxim. ex Beissn.) Shiras.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 130 (1913)
= Picea acicularis Maxim. ex Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 380 (1891)
variant :
var. reflexa (Shiras.) Fitschen; Handb. Nadelholzk. ed. 3: 258 (1930)
Distribution: Japan (C-Honshu: Akaishi Range)
38 JAP
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea alcoquiana subsp. reflexa (Shiras.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 53 (2008)
= Picea bicolor var. reflexa Shiras.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 130 (1913)
species :
Picea asperata Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 419 (1906)
Name: Dragon spruce
Distribution: China (E-Gansu, S-Gansu, N-Ningxia, Qinghai, SW-Shaanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea asperata subsp. heterolepis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 53 (2008)
= Picea asperata var. heterolepis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) L.K.Fu & Nan Li; Novon 7(3): 262 (1997) (isonym)
= Picea asperata var. heterolepis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) W.C.Cheng ex Rehder; (1940)
= Picea asperata var. retroflexa (Mast.) W.C.Cheng; Ill. Manual Chin. Trees & Shrubs 38 (1937)
= Picea aurantiaca var. retroflexa (Mast.) C.T.Kuan & L.J.Zhou; Fl. Sichuanica 2: 71 (1983)
= Picea gemmata Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 2: 24 (1914)
= Picea heterolepis Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 2: 24 (1914)
= Picea retroflexa Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 420 (1906)
variant :
var. notabilis Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. (Sarg.) (1914)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea asperata subsp. notabilis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 53 (2008)
variant :
var. ponderosa Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. (Sarg.) (1914)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan: Panlong Shan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea asperata subsp. ponderosa (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 54 (2008)
species :
Picea aurantiaca Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 420 (1906)
Name: Orange Spruce
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Conservation Status: IUCN E
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea asperata var. aurantiaca (Mast.) Boom; Ned. Dendrol. ed. 10: 96 (1978)
species :
Picea austropanlanica Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 6(2): 33 (1999)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
Remarks: status doubtful
species :
Picea brachytyla (Franch.) E.Pritz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 216 (1900)
Name: Sargent´s spruce
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, S-Shaanxi, NW-Hubei, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies brachytyla Franch.; J. de Bot., 258 (1899)
= Picea brachytila Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 553
= Picea brachytyla subsp. pachyclada (Patschke) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 54 (2008)
= Picea brachytyla var. latisquamea Stapf
= Picea brachytyla var. pachyclada (Patschke) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 39 (1990)
= Picea pachyclada Patschke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 630 (1913)
= Picea sargentiana Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 2: 35 (1914)
variant :
var. complanata (Mast.) W.C.Cheng ex Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 2, 30 (1940)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; ?Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI TIB 40 IND 41 MYA
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea ascendens Patschke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 632 (1913)
= Picea brachytyla f. rhombisquamea Stapf; Bot. Mag. 148: sub t. 8969 (1923)
= Picea brachytyla subsp. ascendens (Patschke) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 54 (2008)
= Picea brachytyla subsp.complanata (Mast.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 54 (2008)
= Picea brachytyla var. ascendens (Patschke) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 28 (2000)
= Picea complanata Mast.; Gard. Chron. 39: 146 (1906)
= Picea likiangensis f. bicolor W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 84 (1975)
species :
Picea breweriana S.Watson; Proc. Am Acad. 20: 378 (1885)
Name: Weeping spruce, Brewer spruce
Distribution: USA (SW-Oregon, NW-California)
73 USA 76 USA
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Picea chihuahuana Martínez; An. Inst. Biol., Mexico 13: 31 (1942)
Name: Chihuahua spruce
Distribution: Mexico (SW-Chihuahua, SW-Durango, S-Nuevo León)
79 MEX
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Picea crassifolia Kom.; Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Petrop. 4: 177 (1923)
Name: Qinghai spruce
Distribution: China (Nei Mongol, Gansu, NE-Qinghai, Ningxia)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea complanata var. crassifolia (Kom.) Gaussen
= Picea schrenkiana var. crassifolia (Kom.) Kom.
species :
Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 2: 212 (1863)
subspecies :
subsp. engelmannii
Name: Engelmanns spruce
Distribution: Iceland [I]; Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Finland [I]; Belgium [I]; Austria [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [c]; European Russia [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
10 den fin ice nor 11 aut bgm 13 kos SRB 14 rus 32 uzb 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies commutata Gordon; Pinet. ed. II. 5 (1875)
= Abies commutata var. glauca Chargueraud; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 61: 428 (1889)
= Abies engelmannii (Engelm.) Parry ex Engelm.; Gard. Chron. 1863: 1035 (1863)
= Abies engelmannii var. glauca R.Sm.; Pl. Fir Tribe 4 (1874)
= Abies nigra Engelm.; Am. J. Sci. 33: 330 (1838)
= Abies nigra var. nana Jacques; Ann. Fl. Pomone 5: 328 (1836)
= Abies nigra var. pumila Knight ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 8 (1858)
= Picea columbiana Lemmon; Gard. & Forest 10: 183 (1897)
= Picea engelmannii var. columbiana (Lemmon) Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 6: 52 (1897)
= Picea engelmannii var. glabra Goodman; Madrono 10: 177 (1950)
= Picea glauca subsp. engelmannii (Engelm.) T.M.C.Taylor; Madroño 15: 114 (1959)
= Picea glauca var. engelmannii (Engelm.) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 272 (1966)
= Pinus commutata Parl.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 16(2,2): 417 (1868)
subspecies :
subsp. mexicana (Martínez) P.A.Schmidt; Haussknechtia, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 4: 38 (1988)
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); N-Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Chihuahua)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea engelmannii subsp. mohinorsensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 55
= Picea engelmannii var. mexicana (Mart.) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 44 (1984)
= Picea engelmannii var. mexicana (Martínez) R.J.Taylor & T.F.Patt.; Taxon 29(4): 438 (1980) (without basionym page)
= Picea engelmannii var. mohinorsensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 28 (2000)
= Picea mexicana Martínez; An. Inst. Biol., Mexico 32: 137 (1962)
species :
Picea farreri C.N.Page & Rushforth; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38(1): 130(1980)
Name: Farrer´s spruce
Distribution: China (W-Yunnan); N-Myanmar (Fen Shui Ling)
36 CHI 41 MYA
Conservation Status: IUCN E
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea brachytyla var. farreri (C.N.Page & Rushforth) Eckenw.; Conifers World 647 (2009)
species :
Picea glauca (Moench) Voss; Mitteil. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges., 93 (1907)
Name: White spruce, Canadian Spruce (EN); Blau-Fichte (DE)
Distribution: Iceland [I]; Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Finland [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [c]; Austria [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [c]; Estonia [I]; Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Idaho, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin, Wyoming)
10 den fin ice nor 11 aut bgm ger 13 kos SRB 14 est 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies alba (Aiton) Jess.; 472 (1879), nom. illeg.
= Abies alba (Aiton) Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 2: 207 (1803), nom. illeg.
= Abies alba var. glauca (Moench) Jess.; 472 (1879)
= Abies arctica A.Murray bis; J. Bot. 5: 253 (1867)
= Abies canadensis (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8. [unpaged] Abies no. 4 (1768)
= Abies coerulea Lodd. ex J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 99 (1839)
= Abies curvifolia Salisb.; Trans. Linn. Soc. 8: 315 (1807)
= Abies laxa K.Koch; Dendrologie 2: II. 243 (1873)
= Abies virescens J.Hinterh. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 3: 673 (1881)
= Picea acutissima Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. (1891) 342 & 358
= Picea alba (Aiton) Link; Handb. 2: 478, et in Linnaea 15: 519 (1841)
= Picea canadensis (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.; Prelim. Catal. (1888) 71, Koehne, Deutsche Dendrol. (1893) 23 non Link (1841)
= Picea canadensis (Mill.) Koehne; 23 (1893), nom. illeg.
= Picea canadensis var. glauca (Moench) Sudw.; U. S. D. A. Div. Forest. Bull. 14: 37 (1897)
= Picea coerulea Link; Linnaea 15: 522 (1841)
= Picea glauca Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 342 (1891)
= Picea tschugatskoyae Carrière; Conif. ed. II. 319 (1867)
= Pinus alba Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 3: 371 (1789)
= Pinus alba var. caerulea Murr; 131 (1900)
= Pinus canadensis (Mill.) Du Roi; Diss. Observ. Bot. 38 (1771) non L.
= Pinus coerulea Lodd. ex Loudon; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 387 (1830)
= Pinus glauca Moench; Verz. 73 (1785)
= Pinus laxa Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 3: 24 (1788)
= Pinus tetragona Moench; Methodus (Moench) 364 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Pinus virescens Neilr.; Nachtr. 68
variant :
var. albertiana Sarg.; Bot. Gaz. 67: 208 (1919)
Name: Western white spruce
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northern Territories, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Montana, South Dakota)
70 CDN 71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA
Remarks: a product of introgressive hybridization of P. engelmannii into P. alba
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea alba var. albertiana Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. (ed. 2) ed. 2, 273 (1909)
= Picea alba var. coerulea Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 114: 27 (1870)
= Picea alba var. pendula Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. ed. 2: 321 (1867)
= Picea albertiana subsp. ogilviei W.L.Strong & Hills; Canad. J. Bot. 84(7): 1139
= Picea albertiana var. densata (L.H.Bailey) W.L.Strong & Hills; Canad. J. Bot. 84(7): 1138 (-1139) (2006)
= Picea albertiana var. porsildii (Raup) W.L.Strong & Hills; Canad. J. Bot. 84(7): 1139
= Picea glauca subsp. albertiana (S.Br.) P.A.Schmidt; Haussknechtia, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 4: 38 (1988)
= Picea glauca subsp. ogilviei (W.L.Strong & Hills) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 56
= Picea glauca subsp. porsildii (Raup) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 56
= Picea glauca var. densata L.H.Bailey; Cult. Conif. N. Amer. 108 (1933)
= Picea glauca var. porsildii Raup; Sargentia 6: 102, tab. 12 (1947)
= Picea ×albertiana S.Br.; Torreya 7: 126 (1907), pro spec.
species :
Picea glehnii (F.Schmidt) Mast.; Gard. Chron. (1880) 1. 300
Name: Sakhalin spruce (EN); Sachalin-Fichte (DE)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Sakhalin, Kuril Isl.); N-Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
31 RFE 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Pinus glehnii (F.Schmidt) Voss; Mitteil. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges., 93 (1907)
= Abies glehnii F.Schmidt; Reis. Amur-Land., Bot. 176 (1868)
species :
Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière; Traite Gen. Conif. 255 (1855)
subspecies :
subsp. jezoensis
Name: Yezo spruce
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); North Korea; South Korea; N-Japan (Hokkaido)
31 RFE 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies ajanensis (Fisch. ex Carrière) Rupr. & Maxim.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint- Pétersbourg 15: 382 (1857)
= Abies jezoensis Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. 2: 19, t. 110 (1842)
= Picea ajanensis (Lindl. & Gordon) Fisch. ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 259-260 (1855)
= Picea ajanensis (Lindl. & Gordon) Fisch. ex Trautv. & C.A.Mey.; Middend. Reise (Fl. Ochot. 87)
= Picea ajanensis var. microsperma (Lindl.) Mast.; Gard. Chron. n. s. 12: 115 (1879)
= Picea ajanensis var. microsperma (Lindl.) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 7: 159 (1978), isonym
= Picea ajanensis var. subintegerrima Trautv. & C.A.Mey.; Reise Sibir. 1(2
= Picea austromandshurica Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 6(2): 35 (1999)
= Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Phys.-Math. Petersb. 15: 235 (nomen) (1857)
= Picea jezoensis f. kamtchatkensis (Lacass.) S.L.Tung & Y.L.Chou; Y. L. Chou, Ligneous Fl. Heilongjiang: 46 (1986)
= Picea jezoensis f. rubrilepis Uyeki; Bull. Agric. Forest. Coll. Suigen (Suwon) 1: 4 (1925)
= Picea jezoensis subsp. ajanensis (Fisch. ex Carrière) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 56
= Picea jezoensis var. ajanensis (Fisch. ex Trautv. & C.A.Mey.) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 7: 162 (1978)
= Picea jezoensis var. koreana Uyeki; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea (Chosen Sanrin Kwaiho ) 206: 12 (1942)
= Picea kamtschatkensis Lacass.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 58: 637, et in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 59: 195 (1929 publ. 1930)
= Picea yezomonii Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 338 (1891)
= Pinus firma var. jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.; Syn. Conif. 99 (1847)
= Tsuga ajanensis Regel ex Beissn.; Handb Nadelholzk 385 (1891)
= Veitchia japonica Lindl.; Gard. Chron. 265 (1861)
variant :
var. komarovii (V.N.Vassil.) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 7: 161 (1978)
Distribution: China (E-Jilin, S-Jilin); North Korea
36 CHI 38 NKO
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea jezoensis subsp. komarovii (V.N.Vassil.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 56
= Picea komarovii V.N.Vassil.; J. Bot. URSS 35: 504 (1950)
variant :
var. microsperma (Lindl.) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 7: 159 (1978)
Distribution: Russian Far East; China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol); ?North Korea; Japan
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies ajanensis Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. 5: 212 (1850)
= Abies microsperma Lindl.; Gard. Chron. 22 (1861)
= Picea jezoensis subsp. microsperma (Lindl.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 56
= Picea manshurica Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 19: 251 (1943)
= Picea microsperma (Lindl.) Carrière; Conif. ed. II. 339 (p. p. (1867))
subspecies :
subsp. hondoensis (Mayr) P.A.Schmidt; Haussknechtia, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 4: 38 (1988)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea hondoensis Mayr; Fremdl. Wald-u. Parkbaume Eur. 327 (1906)
= Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis (Mayr) Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. ges. 1915(24): 314 (1915)
= Pinus hondoensis (Mayr) Voss; Mitteil. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges., 93 (1907)
species :
Picea koraiensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 195 (1919)
Name: Korean spruce
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning); North Korea
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 NKO
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea intercedens Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 17: 4 (1941)
= Picea intercedens var. glabra Uyeki; J. Korean Pl. Forest. Soc. 206: ? (1942)
= Picea koraiensis subsp. tonaiensis (Nakai) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 57 (2008)
= Picea koraiensis var. intercedens (Nakai) Y.L.Chou & S.L.Tung; Y. L. Chou, Ligneous Fl. Heilongjiang: 49 (1986)
= Picea koraiensis var. nenjiangensis S.Q.Nie & X.Y.Yuan; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 24(2): 129 (2004)
= Picea koraiensis var. tonaiensis (Nakai) T.B.Lee; Ill. Woody Pl. Korea 234 (1966)
= Picea koyamae var. koraiensis (Nakai) Liou & Q.L.Wang; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 88 (1955)
= Picea koyamai var. koraiensis (Nakai) Liou & Z.Wang; (pro syn.)
= Picea pungsanensis var. intercedens (Nakai) T.B.Lee; Ill. Woody Pl. Korea 234 (1966)
= Picea tonaiensis Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 17: 1 (1941)
variant :
var. pungsanensis (Uyeki ex Nakai) H.Schmidt-Vogt ex Farjon; Pinaceae: 231 (1990)
Distribution: North Korea (Mt. Pung-san)
38 NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea koraiensis subsp. pungsanensis (Uyeki) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 57 (2008), with incorrect basionym reference
= Picea koraiensis var. pungsanensis (Uyeki ex Nakai) H.Schmidt-Vogt; Die Fichte 1: 63 (1977) (without basionym ref.)
= Picea pungsanensis Uyeki; Corean Timber Trees 1: 98, 99 (1926)
= Picea pungsanensis Uyeki ex Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 17: 3 (1941), latine
species :
Picea koyamae Shiras.; Mitteil. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges., 254 (1914), et in Gard. Chron. 1915, Ser. III. 58: 98 (1915) (as ´koyamai´)
Name: Koyama spruce
Distribution: Japan (Honshu: Akaishi Mts., Yatsugadake Mts.)
38 JAP
Conservation Status: IUCN E
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea moramomi L.H.Bailey; Cult. Conif. N. Amer. 114 (1933), syn.
species :
Picea likiangensis (Franch.) Pritz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 217 (1900)
Name: Likiang spruce
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; N-Bhutan
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies likiangensis Franch.; J. de Bot., 257 (1899)
= Picea likiangensis f. bicolor C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 84 (1975)
= Picea likiangensis subsp. bhutanica (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 57
= Picea likiangensis subsp. forrestii (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 57
= Picea likiangensis var. bhutanica Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 41 (1990)
= Picea likiangensis var. forrestii Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 41 (1990)
= Picea yunnanensis Dallim.; Rep. Conif. Conf. R. H. S. 1931 (Conif. in Cult.) 26 (1932), syn.
= Picea yunnanensis Lacass.; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse 1(3
variant :
var. hirtella (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) W.C.Cheng; Ill. Manual Chin. Trees & Shrubs 40 (1937)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea balfouriana var. hirtella (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) W.C.Cheng; Res. Notes Forest. Inst. Natl. Centr. Univ. Nanking, Dendrol. Ser. 1: 3
= Picea hirtella Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 2: 32 (1914)
= Picea purpurea var. hirtella (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 44 (1990)
= Picea neohirtella Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 22(1): 28 (2015), nom. nov.
= Picea purpurea subsp. hirtella Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 59 (2008)
= Picea purpurea subsp. pseudohirtella Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 17(1): 3 (-4) (2010), nom. illeg. nom. superfl.
variant :
var. montigena (Mast.) W.C.Cheng; Ill. Manual Chin. Trees & Shrubs 40 (1937)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Conservation Status: IUCN E
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea likiangensis var. montigena (Mast.) T.S.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 33: 242 (1982)
= Picea likiangensis subsp. montigena (Mast.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 57
= Picea montigena Mast.; Gard. Chron. 39: 146 (1906)
variant :
var. rubescens Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 2: 31 (1914)
Distribution: China (S-Qinghai, W-Sichuan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea balfouriana f. bicolor W.C.Cheng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20(4): 409 (1982)
= Picea balfouriana Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 2: 30 (1914)
= Picea likiangensis subsp. balfouriana (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Rushforth; Int. Dendrol. Soc. Yearbook, 1998: 61 (1999)
= Picea likiangensis subsp. rubescens (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 58
= Picea likiangensis var. balfouriana (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Slavin
= Picea purpurea subsp. balfouriana (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 59 (2008)
= Picea purpurea subsp. purdomii Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 18(1): 6 (-7) (2011)
= Picea purpurea var. balfouriana (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 44 (1990)
= Picea sikangensis W.C.Cheng; Contrib. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 6: 33 (1931)
species :
Picea linzhiensis (C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Rushforth; Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book 2007: 48 (-49)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea likiangensis subsp. linzhiensis (C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 57
= Picea likiangensis var. linzhiensis C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 83 (1975)
species :
Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.; Prelim. Catal. 71 (1888)
Name: Black spruce, bog spruce, swamp spruce, epinette noire (Canadian French), Schwarzfichte
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Illinois, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin)
70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 74 USA 75 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies denticulata Poir.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 6(2): 520 (1805)
= Abies mariana Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 5 (1768)
= Abies nigra Desf.; Hist. Arbr. & Arb. 2: 580
= Abies nigra Du Roi; Harb. Baumz. ed. Pott 2: 182
= Abies novae-angliae K.Koch; Dendrologie 2: II. 240 (1873)
= Picea brevifolia Peck; Spruces Adirondacks 13 (1897)
= Picea mariana var. brevifolia (Peck) Rehder; Rhodora 9: 109 (1907)
= Picea nigra (Aiton) Link; Handb. 2: 478, et in Linnaea 15: 520 (1841)
= Picea nigra var. doumetii Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 242 (1855)
= Picea nigra var. pendula-variegata Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 124 (1923)
= Pinus americana Gaertn.; Fruct. 2: 60, t. 91 (1791)
= Pinus denticulata Steud.; Nom. ed. II. 2: 337 (1841)
= Pinus nigra Aiton; Hort. Kew. ed. I. 3: 370 (1789)
species :
Picea martinezii T.F.Patt.; Sida 13(2): 131 (1988)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea chihuahuana var. martinezii (T.F.Patt.) Eckenw.; Conifers World 647 (2009)
= Picea chihuahuana subsp. martinezii (T.F.Patt.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 55 (2008)
species :
Picea maximowiczii Regel; Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. (1865) 33, nomen, ex Mast. in Gard. Chron. 1: 363 (1880)
Name: Maximowicz´s spruce, Japanese bush spruce
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies maximowiczii (Regel) R.Neumann; Cat. (1865) ex Parl. in Prodr. [A. DC.] 16(2,2): 431
= Pinus maximowiczii (Regel) Parl.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 16(2,2): 431 (1868)
variant :
var. senanensis Hayashi; Ill. Useful Trees (Forest Trees) sub f. 43 (1969)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu: Chichibu)
38 JAP
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea maximowiczii subsp. senanensis (Hayashi) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 58
species :
Picea meyeri Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 2: 28 (1914)
Name: Meyer spruce
Distribution: China (Shanxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Nei Mongol, ?S-Gansu)
36 CHI
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea meyeri f. pyramidalis (H.W.Jen & C.G.Bai) L.K.Fu & Nan Li; Novon 7(3): 262 (1997)
= Picea meyeri subsp. mongolica (H.Q.Wu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 58
= Picea meyeri var. mongolica H.Q.Wu; Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Inst. 6(2): 153 (1986)
= Picea meyeri var. pyramidalis H.W.Jen & C.G.Bai; J. Beijing Forest. Univ. 17(1): 95 (1995)
= Picea mongolica (H.Q.Wu) W.D.Xu
species :
Picea morrisonicola Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 25: Art. 19, 220 (1908)
Name: Taiwan spruce
Distribution: C-Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Picea neoveitchii Mast.; Gard. Chron., I. 116, t. 51 (1903)
Name: Veitch spruce, Hubei spruce
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Henan, NW-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, NE-Shanxi, Sichuan, ?Chongqing)
36 CHI
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Picea obovata Ledeb.; Fl. Alt. 4: 201 (1833)
Distribution: Belarus; European Russia (C-European Russia, N-European Russia); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Primorye); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan [c]; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
14 BLR RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ uzb 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies obovata Loudon; Arb. Brit. 4: 2329 (1838)
= Abies schrenkiana Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. 5: 212 (1850)
= Picea abies subsp. obovata (Ledeb.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 22 (1982)
= Picea abies subsp. obovata (Ledeb.) Hultén; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 43: 388 (1949)
= Picea obovata subsp. krylovii (Luchnik) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 58 (2008)
= Picea obovata subsp. petschorica Govor.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. n. s. 57(3): 94 (1952)
= Picea obovata subsp. tschiketamanica (Luchnik) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 59 (2008)
= Picea obovata var. argentea Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 6 (1976)
= Picea obovata var. brevifolia Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh Rast. 13: 7 (1976)
= Picea obovata var. coerulea Malyschev; Konspekt Fl. Irkutsk. Obl. 36 (2008)
= Picea obovata var. densifolia Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 6 (1976)
= Picea obovata var. krylovii Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 5 (1976)
= Picea obovata var. lucifera Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 7 (1976)
= Picea obovata var. lutescens Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 6 (1976)
= Picea obovata var. pendula Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 6 (1976)
= Picea obovata var. seminskiensis Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 5 (1976)
= Picea obovata var. tschiketamanica Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 6 (1976)
= Picea vulgaris var. altaica Tepl.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(II): 250 (1869)
= Pinus abies Pall.; Fl. Ross. 1: 6
= Pinus obovata Antoine; Conif. 96, t. 37, f. 2
= Pinus obovata var. schrenkiana Parl.; Prodr. 16(2): 415 (1868)
species :
Picea omorika (Pancic) Purk.; Österr. Monatsschr. Forstwesen 27: 446 (1877)
Name: Serbian spruce (EN), Serbische Fichte (DE)
Distribution: Denmark [I]; Sweden [I]; Germany [c]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Croatia [I]; E-Bosnia & Hercegovina; W-Serbia
10 den swe 11 ger hun slo 13 BIH cro SRB
Conservation Status: IUCN V. Very local, in the wild known only from Pancic Narodni Nature Reserve
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies omorika (Pancic) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 3: 673 (1881)
= Picea omorika (Pancic) Mast.; Gard. Chron. (1884) t. 308, 309, f. 58
= Pinus omorika Pancic; Eine Oestl. Alp. (1876) 4, et in Gard. Chron. (1877) I. 620, 470
species :
Picea orientalis (L.) Peterm.; Pflanzenreich 235 (1838-1845)
Name: Oriental spruce, Caucasian spruce (EN), Kaukasusfichte (DE)
Distribution: Belgium [I]; Austria [I]; Italy [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [c]; European Turkey [I]; Uzbekistan [c]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (incl. Abkhazia); Armenia; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey (Anatolia)
11 aut bgm 13 ita kos SRB tue 32 uzb 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies orientalis (L.) Poir.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 6(2): 518 (1805)
= Abies wittmanniana Vilm.; Blumeng., ed. 3, Siebold & Voss 1: 1241 (1895), syn.
= Picea orientalis (L.) Carrière; Conif. ed. I. 244 (1855)
= Picea orientalis (L.) Link; Linnaea 20: 294 (1847), isonym
= Picea orientalis var. aurea Ed.Otto; Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 29: 202 (1873)
= Picea orientalis var. longifolia Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. 4: 201 (1833)
= Picea orientalis var. nana Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 63: 120 (1891)
= Picea withmanniana Carrière; Conif. ed. I. 260 (1855)
= Picea wittmanniana Fisch. ex Gordon; Pinet. ed. II. 15 (1875)
= Pinus abies Siev.; Pall. N. Nord. Beitr. 7: 349
= Pinus obovata Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. I. 101 (1838)
= Pinus orientalis L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 1421. (1763)
= Pinus schrenkiana Antoine; Conif. 97
species :
Picea pungens Engelm.; Gard. Chron. (1879) I. 334 (1882) I. 145 (1883) II. 725, f. 130
Name: Blue spruce, Colorado spruce (EN); Blau-Fichte (DE)
Distribution: Iceland [I]; Norway [I]; Germany [c]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; France [I]; Monaco [c]; Italy [I]; Slovenia [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [c]; Greece [c]; Belarus [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario); USA (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, New Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania, Utah, Wyoming)
10 ice nor 11 aut ger hun slo swi 12 fra mco 13 grc ita kos slv SRB 14 blr 32 uzb 72 CDN 73 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies parlatorei Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.; Handb. Conif. 349 (1923), syn.
= Abies parryana Hort.; Blumeng., ed. 3, Siebold & Voss 1: 1241 (1895), syn.
= Picea commutata Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 346 (1891)
= Picea kosteri Dallim.; Rep. Conif. Conf. R. H. S. 1931 (Conif. in Cult.) 27 (1932), syn.
= Picea kosteriana Pardé; Introd. Ess. Exot. For. Eur. Occ. 100 (1929), syn.
= Picea menziesii Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 2: 214 (1863)
= Picea menziesii var. parryana André; Ill. Hort. 23: 198 (1876)
= Picea parryana Parry; Gard. Chron. (1883) II. 725
= Picea pungens f. argentea Branner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. [45]: 33 (1918)
= Picea pungens var. glauca Regel; Russ. Dendrol. ed. 2: 37 (1883)
= Picea pungens var. hunnewelliana Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 128 (1923)
= Picea pungens var. kosteriana A.Henry; Trees Great Britain 6: 1390 (1912)
= Picea pungens var. viridis Regel; Russ. Dendrol. ed. 2: 37 (1883)
species :
Picea purpurea Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 418 (1906)
Name: Purple-cone spruce
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Qinghai, N-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea likiangensis var. purpurea (Mast.) Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.; Handb. Conif. 334 (1923)
species :
Picea rubens Sarg.; Silva (Sargent) 12: 33, pl. 597 (1898)
Name: Red spruce
Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia)
72 CDN SPM 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies arctica A.Cunn. ex Gordon; Pinet. 11 (1858)
= Abies coerulescens K.Koch; Dendrologie 2: II. 242 (1873)
= Abies marylandica Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.; Handb. Conif. 340 (1923), syn.
= Abies minuta Poir.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 6(2): 523 (1805)
= Abies pectinata Poir.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 6(2): 523 (1805)
= Abies rubra Poir.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 6(2): 520 (1805)
= Picea australis Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 30 (1903)
= Picea mariana Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 800 (1891)
= Picea nigra var. rubra (Du Roi) Engelm.
= Picea rubra (Du Roi) Link; (1831), not A. Dietr. (1824)
= Pinus mariana Du Roi; Diss. Observ. Bot. 38 (1771)
= Pinus mariana var. rubra Du Roi; Diss. Inaug. Obs. Bot. 39 (1771)
= Pinus marylandica Antoine; Conif. 88
species :
Picea schrenkiana Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Bull. Sci. Acad. Petersb. 10: 253 (1842)
subspecies :
subsp. schrenkiana
Name: Schrenk´s spruce
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (W-Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea obovata var. schrenkiana (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. ed. 2: 338 (1867)
= Picea prostrata Isakov; Fl. Kirgiz. SSR 10: 374 (1962)
= Picea robertii Vipper; Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 61(2): 371 (1948)
= Picea schrenkiana f. robertii (Vipper) Roldugin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kaz. SSR 7: 6 (1971) (without basionym page)
subspecies :
subsp. tianschanica (Rupr.) Bykov; Izv. Akad. Nauk Kazahsk. SSR, Ser. Bot. 5: 22 (1950)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; China (W-Xinjiang)
32 KGZ 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea morinda subsp. tianschanica (Rupr.) Berezin; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 50: 493 (1970)
= Picea tianschanica Rupr.; Sert. Tiansch. 72 (1869)
= Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica (Rupr.) W.C.Cheng & S.H.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Pop. Sin. 7: 146 (1978)
species :
Picea shennongjianensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 6(2): 34 (1999)
Distribution: China (Hubei)
36 CHI
Remarks: status doubtful
species :
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière; Traite Conif. 260 (1855)
Name: Sitka spruce (EN); Sitka-Fichte (DE)
Distribution: Iceland [I]; England [I]; Ireland [I]; Norway [I]; Netherlands [I]; Germany [c]; Austria [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [c]; Slovenia [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [c]; Estonia [I]; New Zealand [I]; Auckland Isl. [I]; Alaska (incl. Kodiak Isl.); Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Oregon, Washington State)
10 grb ice ire nor 11 aut ger net 12 cis fra 13 kos slv SRB 14 est 51 auc nzl 70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies falcata Raf.; Atlantic J. 1(3): 120 (1832)
= Abies menziesii (Douglas ex Lamb.) Lindl.; Penny Cyclop. 1: 32 (1833), not Mirb. (1825)
= Picea falcata (Raf.) Valck.Sur.; Meded. Landbouwhoogeschool 30(2): 49 (1927)
= Picea falcata (Raf.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2. 314 (1867)
= Picea grandis Gordon; Pinet. 155 (1858)
= Picea menziesii (Douglas ex D.Don) Carrière; Conif. ed. I. 237 (1855)
= Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Trautv. & C.A.Mey.; Fl. Ochot. Phaenog. 87, ad P. ajanensis (1856)
= Picea sitkaensis Mayr ex Beissn.; Beissn. Handb. Nadelholzk. 390 (1891)
= Pinus jezoensis Antoine; Conif. 97, t. 87, f. 1
= Pinus menziesii Douglas ex Lamb.; Gen. Pin. ed. II(3): 161, t. 71 (1803)
= Pinus menziesii var. crispa Antoine; Coniferen 86 (1841)
= Pinus sitchensis Bong.; Mem. Acad. Petersb. Ser. VI. 2: 164 (1833)
= Sequoia rafinesquei Carrière; Conif. ed. II. 213 (1867)
species :
Picea smithiana (Wall.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 700 (1884)
Name: Indian Spruce, Morinda Spruce
Distribution: Afghanistan (Hindukush); S-Tibet; Pakistan (Karakoram); C-Nepal; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh); Bolivia [c]
34 AFG 36 TIB 40 IND NEP PAK 83 bol
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies khutrow Loudon; Encyc. Trees, 1032
= Abies morinda Loudon; Encyc. Pl. 1294
= Abies pendula Griff. ex Gordon; Pinet. Suppl. 7 (1862)
= Abies smithiana Lindl.; Penny Cyclop. 1: 31 (1833)
= Picea khutrow Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 258 (1855)
= Picea morinda Link; Linnaea 15: 522 (1841). Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 653 (1888)
= Picea smithiana subsp. nepalensis (Franco) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 60
= Picea smithiana var. nepalensis Franco; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 1: 26 (1978)
= Picea smithiana var. pendula Sénécl.; Conifères 32 (1868)
= Pinus khutrow Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 350, 353, t. 84, f. 1 (1839)
= Pinus khutrow Royle ex Turra; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 350, t. 84, f. 1 (1839)
= Pinus morinda Gordon; Pinet. 12 (1858)
= Pinus pendula Griff.; J. Trav. 1: 287
= Pinus smithiana D.Don ex Lamb.; Gen. Pin. 3: t. 88 (1803)
= Pinus smithiana Wall.; (Numer. List: 207, n. 6063 1831 (1832) (nom. nud.) Pl. Asiat. Rarior. 3: 24, t. 246 (1832))
species :
Picea spinulosa (Griff.) Beissn.; Mitteil. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges., 83 (1906)
Distribution: SE-Tibet; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim); Myanmar (Kachin)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND 41 MYA
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies spinulosa Griff.; J. Trav. 259, 265 (1847), Griff. Itin. Notes (Posth. Papers, ii.), 145, No.694 (1848)
= Picea spinulosa subsp. pseudobrachytyla (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 60
= Picea spinulosa subsp. yatungensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 60
= Picea spinulosa var. pseudobrachytyla Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 45 (1990)
= Picea spinulosa var. yatungensis Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 45 (1990)
= Pinus spinulosa (Griff.) Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 17 (1854)
species :
Picea torano (Siebold ex K.Koch) Koehne; Deutsche Dendrol. 22 (1893)
Distribution: China [I]; Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku)
36 chi 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies polita Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. (Siebold) 2: 20, t. 111 (1842)
= Abies torano Siebold; Verh. Bat. Gen. 12: 12 (1830)
= Picea bicolor Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 380 (1891)
= Picea polita Carrière; Conif. ed. I. 256 (1855) (nom. illeg.)
= Picea torano f. rubriflora (Kobayasi) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 80(6): 323
= Pinus abies Thunb.; Fl. Jap. 275 (1784) non L.
= Pinus polita Antoine; Conif. 95, t. 36, f. 1
= Pinus torano (Siebold ex K.Koch) Voss; Mitteil. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges., 93 (1907)
species :
Picea wilsonii Mast.; Gard. Chron., I. 133, t. 56 (1903)
Name: Wilson spruce
Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, W-Sichuan, Qinghai, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea fricksii Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 6(2): 32 (1999)
= Picea watsoniana Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 419 (1906)
= Picea wilsonii subsp. shanxiensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 61 (2008)
= Picea wilsonii subsp. watsoniana (Mast.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 61 (2008)
= Picea wilsonii var. shanxiensis Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 46 (1990)
= Picea wilsonii var. watsoniana (Mast.) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 46 (1990)
species :
Picea ×darwyniana Björk & Goward; Phytoneuron 2022-65: 1 (2022)
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia)
71 CDN
species :
Picea ×fennica (Regel) Kom.; Fl. S. S. S. R. 1: 145 (1934)
Name: Karelian spruce
Distribution: ?Finland; N-European Russia (Archangelsk, Karelia, Kola peninsula, Komi)
14 RUS
Remarks: Picea abies x Picea obovata Ledeb.
Synonyms: hidden
= Picea abies subsp. fennica (Regel) Parfenov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 7 (1971)
= Picea obovata var. fennica (Regel) A.Henry; Trees Great Britain 6: 1360 (1913)
= Picea vulgaris var. fennica (Regel) Beck; Fl. Nieder-Osterreich 1: 7 (1890)
= Picea vulgaris var. uralensis Tepl.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41. 249 (1869)
= Picea ×fennica subsp. uralensis (Tepl.) P.A.Schmidt; Haussknechtia, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 4: 38 (1988) [nothosubsp.]
= Picea ×uralensis (Tepl.) P.Schmidt
= Pinus abies var. fennica Regel; Gartenflora 12: 95 (-96) (1863)
species :
Picea ×lutzii Little; J. For., Wash. 51: 746 (1953)
Name: Lutz´s spruce
Distribution: S-Alaska (Kenai peninsula)
70 ASK
Remarks: Picea glauca x sitchensis
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 19.2 (March 25th, 2024)

Covering 354,631 accepted species,
8,631 hybrids, 47,815 accepted infraspecific taxa and 995,902 synonyms,
in total 1,406,979* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


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