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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

174.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017) and Soreng et al. (2022)
Species listed in database: 12074; hybrids: 386
= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 221 (1820)
= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 19 (1820)
= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 28 (1820)
= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 60 (1843)
= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)
= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 106, 270 (1827)
= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 60. 31 (1820)
= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 9, 268 (1827)
= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 106, 269 (1827)
= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 269 (1827)
= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. 1(2): 818. ante (1873)
= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 51, 269 (1827)
= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271, 272 (1827)
= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Festucaceae Spreng.; J. Sadler, Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)
= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 28 (1789), nom. cons.
= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 252 (1833)
= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 250 (1833)
= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)
= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 6, 267 (1827)
= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 390 (1820)
= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 91, 270 (1827)
= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 413 (1820)
= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 3, 268 (1827)
= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 47, 269 (1827)
= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 250 (1833)
= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)
= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 269 (1827)
= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 60 (1843)
= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 46, 268 (1827)
= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 22, 268 (1827)
= Zeaceae A.J.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)
= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 8, 268 (1827)
174.7041 Genus Polytoca R.Br.; Benn. Pl. Javae Rar. 20. t. 5 (1838)
Distribution: India, Indochina, Malesia, Australia, Oceania
Species listed in database: 10
= Sclerachne R.Br.; Benn. Pl. Javae Rar. 15. t. 4 (1838)
= Chionachne R.Br.; Benn. Pl. Javae Rar. 15 (1838)
= Cyathorhachis Nees ex Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 403 (1855)
species :
Polytoca biaurita (Hack.) Mabb.; Mabberley´s Pl.-Book 1102 (2017)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chionachne biaurita Hack.; Philipp. J. Sci. 1: Suppl. 263 (1906)
species :
Polytoca cyathopoda (F.Muell.) F.M.Bailey; Queensl. Fl. 6: 1849 (1902)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chionachne cyathopoda (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. 7: 516 (1878)
= Sclerachne cyathopoda F.Muell.; Fragm. 8: 116 (1873)
species :
Polytoca digitata (L.f.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Exch. Club 4: 641 (1917)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan); India (Assam, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Sikkim, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Bago, Mandalay, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Palawan (incl. Busuanga Isl.); Philippines (Bohol, Mindanao); Java; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY NWG PHI PLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Apluda digitata L.f.; Suppl. Pl.: 434 (1782)
= Chionachne digitata (L.f.) E.A.Kellogg; PhytoKeys 163: 328 (2020)
= Coix heteroclita Roxb.; Fl. Ind. ed. 1832. 3: 572 (1832)
= Polytoca bracteata R.Br. ex Benn.; Pl. Javae Rar. 20, f. 5 (1838)
= Polytoca heteroclita (Roxb.) Koord.; Exkurs.-Fl. Java 1: 99 (1911)
species :
Polytoca gigantea (J.Koenig) Mabb.; Mabberley´s Pl.-Book 1102 (2017)
Distribution: Pakistan (Pakistani Punjab, Azad Kashmir); Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Cambodia; Java
40 BAN IND NEP PAK SRL 41 CBD MYA 42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Chionachne barbata (Roxb.) Benth.; Fl. Austral. 7: 515 (1878), isonym
= Chionachne barbata (Roxb.) R.Br. ex Aitch.; Cat. Pl. Punjab Sindh: 157 (1869)
= Chionachne gigantea (J.Koenig) Veldkamp; Blumea 47(3): 559 (2002)
= Chionachne koenigii (Spreng.) Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 357(1864)
= Coix arundinacea J.Koenig ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 4: 203 (1805), nom. illeg.
= Coix barbata Roxb.; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: 569 (1832)
= Coix crypsoides Müll.Hal.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 19: 334 (1861)
= Coix gigantea J.Koenig; Naturforscher (Halle) 23: 211 (1788)
= Coix koenigii Spreng.; Syst. Veg., 1: 228 (1824)
= Coix lacryma-jobi var. gigantea (J.Koenig) Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 100 (1896)
= Polytoca barbata (Roxb.) Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 102 (1896)
= Sphaerium giganteum (J.Koenig) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 793 (1891)
species :
Polytoca hubbardiana (Henrard) Mabb.; Mabberley´s Pl.-Book 1102 (2017)
Distribution: Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
42 JAW LSI 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chionachne hubbardiana Henrard; Blumea 3: 162 (1938)
species :
Polytoca javanica Henrard; Blumea 3: 241 (1939)
Distribution: Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.
42 JAW LSI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chionachne javanica (Henrard) Clayton; Kew Bull. 35(4): 813 (1981)
species :
Polytoca macrophylla Benth.; J. Linn. Soc. 19: 52 (1881)
Distribution: Java; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea, Louisiade Arch.); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Fiji [I]
42 JAW MOL NWG 43 BIS SOL 60 fij
Synonyms: hidden
= Chionachne macrophylla (Benth.) Clayton; Kew Bull. 35(4): 814 (1981)
species :
Polytoca punctata (R.Br.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 7: 102 (1896)
Distribution: China (Hainan); India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra); Myanmar; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.)
36 CHI 40 IND 41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 JAW LSI PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chionachne massiei Balansa; Morot, J. de Bot. 4: 78 (1896)
= Chionachne punctata (R.Br.) Jannink; Blumea 47(3): 566 (2002)
= Coix sulcata Rottler ex Stapf; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 102 (1896), pro syn.
= Polytoca massiei (Balansa) Schenck; Meded. Rijks-Herb. 67: 9 (1931)
= Sclerachne punctata R.Br.; Benn. Pl. Javae Rar. 15 (1838)
species :
Polytoca semiteres Benth.; G. Bentham & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 3: 1103 (1883)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu); Myanmar (Mandalay)
40 IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chionachne semiteres (Benth. ex Hook.f.) Henrard; Meded. Rijks-Herb. 67: 16 (1931)
= Chionachne wightii Munro ex Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. 3: 1113 (1883), nom. inval.
= Tripsacum semiteres Wall.; Numer. List no. 8628 (1848), nom. nud.
species :
Polytoca wallichiana (Nees ex Steud.) Benth.; J. Linn. Soc. 19: 52 (1881)
Distribution: Bhutan; India (Assam, Mizoram, Sikkim); Andaman Isl.; Myanmar (Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand
40 BHU IND 41 AND MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chionachne wallichiana (Nees) E.A.Kellogg; PhytoKeys 163: 330 (2020)
= Cyathorhachis wallichiana Nees ex Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 403 (1855)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life