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Ver. 19.2
March 25th, 2024

465.0000 Family Scrophulariaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 117 (1789), nom. cons., s. str.
62 genera, ca. 2000 spp.
Species listed in database: 2043; hybrids: 258
= Bontiaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 77 (1834)
= Buddlejaceae K.Wilh.; Samenpflanzen: 90 (1910), nom. cons.
= Caprariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 102 (1820)
= Hebenstretiaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 76 (1834)
= Hemimeridaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xlix (2001)
= Limosellaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 340 (1858)
= Myoporaceae R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 514 (1810), nom. cons.
= Oftiaceae Takht. & Reveal; Phytologia 74: 284 (1993)
= Polypremaceae Takht. ex Reveal; Kew Bull. 66: 47 (2011)
= Selaginaceae Choisy; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève (Mém. Sélag.: 19) 2: 89 (1823), nom. cons.
= Verbascaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 243 (1820)
465.5204 Genus Scrophularia L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 619 (1753)
Distribution: America (from temp. to trop. regions), temp. Eurasia, esp. Mediterranean, Northern Caucasus, and Middle Asia, trop. Africa (1)
Species listed in database: 292; hybrids: 4
= Ceramanthe (Rchb.) Dumort.; Not. Scroph.: 7 (1834)
= Mosheovia Eig; Palest. J. Bot. Ser. J, 1: 83 (1938)
= Oreosolen Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 4: 318 (1884)
= Scrophucephalus A.P.Khokhr.; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 97(6): 97 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Tomiephyllum Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon N. S. 17: 125 (1869)
= Tuerckheimocharis Urb.; Symb. Antill. 7: 373 (1912)
= Venilia Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, N. S. 17: 125 (1869)
species :
Scrophularia aequilabris P.C.Tsoong; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 394 (1979)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia aestivalis Griseb.; Spicil. Fl. Rumel. 2: 36 (1844)
Name: Herbst-Braunwurz
Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece
13 ALB BUL GRC KOS SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia autumnalis Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 37: 178 (1898)
= Scrophularia sylvatica Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 153 (1856)
species :
Scrophularia alaschanica Batalin; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13(2): 380-381 (1894)
Distribution: China (Ningxia)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia alata A.Gray; Mem. Am. Acad. N. S. 6: 401 (1858 publ. 1859)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
31 RFE 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia alata var. borealikoreana (Nakai) Kitag.; Neo-Lineam. Fl. Manshur.: 570 (1979)
= Scrophularia borealikoreana Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 632 (1938)
= Scrophularia grayana Maxim. ex Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 25: 416 (1907), nom. superfl.
= Scrophularia grayana var. borealikoreana (Nakai) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 264 (1962)
= Scrophularia grayana var. takesimensis (Nakai) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 264 (1962)
= Scrophularia takesimensis Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 635 (1938)
species :
Scrophularia alhagioides Attar & Joharchi; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 193 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia alpestris Gay ex Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 307 (1846) ex Lacaita, J. Bot. 67: 209 (1929), descr.
Distribution: N-Spain; Andorra; S-France
12 ADO FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia alpestris var. fimbriata Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 7: 108 (1908)
= Scrophularia betonicifolia Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées: 356 (1813), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia oblongifolia Merino; Fl. Galicia 2: 88 (1906), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia paui Merino; Fl. Galicia 2: 90 (1906)
= Scrophularia paui var. oblongifolia Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 12: 43 (1914)
= Scrophularia pyrenaica var. montcaunica C.Vicioso; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 2: 227 (1942)
= Scrophularia scopolii Loisel.; Not. Fl. France: 95 (1810), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia scopolii subsp. alpestris (J.Gay) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 769 (1937)
species :
Scrophularia altaica Murray; Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 1781: 35 (1781)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Mongolia
30 SIB 32 KAZ 37 MON
species :
Scrophularia amadiyana Ghaz. & Haloob; Kew Bull. 72(1)-17: 1 (2017)
Distribution: Iraq
34 IRQ
species :
Scrophularia amana Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 129, t. 8a (1970)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia amgunensis F.Schmidt; Reis. Amur-Land., Bot.: 57 (1868)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye)
31 RFE
species :
Scrophularia amplexicaulis Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 310 (1846)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran, N-Iran)
33 ARM NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia hajariana Parsa; Kew Bull. 3: 217 (1948)
species :
Scrophularia arguta Aiton; Hort. Kew. 2: 342 (1789)
Name: Spitze Braunwurz (DE); Fistulera comun (ES)
Distribution: WC- & SE-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (SE-Egypt); Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Ilha Brava); Mauritania; Sudan; Eritrea; Djibouti; Soqotra; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, W-Yemen)
12 SPA 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY CVI SEL 22 MTN 24 DJI ERI SOC SUD 35 OMA SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia arguta f. purpurascens G.Kunkel; Cuad. Bot. Canar., 2627: 73 (1976)
= Scrophularia bianoris Sennen & Mauricio; Cat. Fl. Rif Or. 85, nomen (1933), et Diagn. Nouv. Pl. Espagne & Maroc, 1928-35, 238 (1936)
= Scrophularia duriaei Spach ex Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 632 (1890), nom. nud.
= Scrophularia rostrata Hochst. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 395 (1879), nom. inval.
species :
Scrophularia atrata Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 99: 172 (1947)
Name: Darkflowered figwort
Distribution: USA (California: San Luis Obispo Co., Santa Barbara Co.)
76 USA
species :
Scrophularia atroglandulosa Grau; Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 147: 244, t. 173 & 225, f. 1 (1981)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)
34 IRQ
species :
Scrophularia atropatana Grossh.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 13: 21 (1950)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 ARM AZE 34 IRN TUR
species :
Scrophularia attariae Ranjbar & Rahch.; Nordic J. Bot. 35(2): 148 (2016)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia auriculata L.; Sp. PI. 620 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. auriculata
Name: Wasser-Braunwurz (DE); Shoreline figwort (EN); Fistulera de agua (ES)
Distribution: England; Ireland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, +Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland); Switzerland; Portugal; N-Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Estonia [I]; Morocco; Algeria; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Faial, Flores Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria); China [I] (Xinjiang [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (New York [I]); Chile [I] (Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Maule [I], Araucanía [I])
10 GRB IRE 11 BGM GER LUX NET SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ITA SIC 14 est 20 ALG MOR 21 AZO CNY 36 chi 51 nzl 75 usa 85 cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia appendiculata Balb. ex Wydler; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 4: 157 (1828), nom. inval.
= Scrophularia aquatica f. appendiculata (Mérat) Cout.; Fl. Portugal: 555 (1913)
= Scrophularia aquatica f. auriculata (L.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal: 555 (1913)
= Scrophularia aquatica f. flavidiflora Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 12: 41 (1914)
= Scrophularia aquatica lusus periphylla Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 12: 41 (1914)
= Scrophularia aquatica subsp. auriculata (L.) Quézel & Santa; Fl. Algèrie [Quézel & Santa] 2: 849 (1963)
= Scrophularia aquatica var. ampla Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 12: 41 (1914)
= Scrophularia aquatica var. crenata Jess.; 105 (1879)
= Scrophularia aquatica var. durandii (Boiss. & Reut.) Pau; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 683 (1934)
= Scrophularia aquatica var. glabra Cout.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 22: 170 (1906)
= Scrophularia aquatica var. laxa Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 30 (1940)
= Scrophularia aquatica var. parviflora (Ball) Jahand. & Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 683 (1934)
= Scrophularia aquatica var. pubescens Caruel; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 6: 559 (1885)
= Scrophularia auriculata subsp. minor Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 552 (1870)
= Scrophularia auriculata var. glabra Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 552 (1870)
= Scrophularia auriculata var. microcarpa Merino; Fl. Galicia 2: 87 (1906)
= Scrophularia auriculata var. parviflora Ball; Spicil. Fl. Marocc. [Ball]: 597 (1878)
= Scrophularia auriculata var. pubescens Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 552 (1870), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia durandii Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan.: 91 (1852)
= Scrophularia ×hurstii Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4: 204 (1915 publ. 1916)
= Scrophularia rivularis Moris; Stirp. Sard. Elench. 2(App.): 8 (1828)
= Scrophularia subverticillata Moris; Stirp. Sard. Elench. 2(App.): 8 (1828)
= Scrophularia sulphurea Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 13 (1768)
= Scrophularia trifoliata Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. 1: 267 (1813), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia verticillata Moris; Stirp. Sard. Elench. 2(App.): 7 (1828)
subspecies :
subsp. valentina (Rouy) Ortega Oliv., Serra, Herrero & Muñoz Garm.; Fl. Iber. 13: 111 (2009)
Distribution: E-Spain; Baleares; N-Morocco
12 BAL SPA 20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia auriculata Asso; Syn. Stirp. Arag. 81 (1779) non L. 1753
= Scrophularia auriculata f. terrestris Pau; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 27: 442 (1898)
= Scrophularia auriculata subsp. pseudoauriculata (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 14: 97 (1983)
= Scrophularia balbisii Hornem.; Hort. Hafn. 2: 577 (1815)
= Scrophularia balbisii subsp. valentina (Rouy) Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Ruizia 11: 64 (1993)
= Scrophularia laevigata subsp. valentina (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 14: 96 (1983)
= Scrophularia pseudoauriculata Sennen; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 69: 108 (1923), et in Bol. Soc. Iber. 1930 29: 78, descr (1922)
= Scrophularia valentina Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 29: 124 (1882)
species :
Scrophularia azerbaijanica Grau; Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 147: 282, t. 215 & 236, f. 4 (1981)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus; Turkey; Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
33 NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR
species :
Scrophularia badakhshanica Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 271 (1981)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan)
34 AFG
species :
Scrophularia badghysi Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 20: 173 (1983)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan
32 TKM TZK 34 AFG
species :
Scrophularia bahorucana Zanoni; Moscosoa 5: 108 (1989)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 HIS
species :
Scrophularia bheriensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 46(8): 247 (1971)
Distribution: Nepal
40 NEP
species :
Scrophularia birmanica H.L.Li; J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 442 (1947)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
species :
Scrophularia bitlisica Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 132, f. 1a (1970)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia bosniaca Beck; Ann. Naturh. Mus. (Wien) 2: 135 (1887)
Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; ?North Macedonia; N-Albania
13 ALB BIH CRO MNT
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia bosniaca f. pyramidalis Hayek; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 99: 160 (1924)
species :
Scrophularia botryoides Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 224 (1981)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul)
34 AFG
species :
Scrophularia botschanzevii Turak.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 145 (1991)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Uzbekistan
32 TZK UZB
species :
Scrophularia bourgaeana Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prod. Fl. Hisp. 2: 550 (1870)
Distribution: C- & WC-Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: sometimes included in S. herminii but kept separate by Flora Iberica
species :
Scrophularia buergeriana Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 166 (1865)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi); South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); ?Taiwan; Vietnam
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia buergeriana var. quelpartensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 23: 85 (1948)
= Scrophularia oldhamii Oliv.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 167 (1867 publ. 1864)
variant :
var. tsinglingensis P.C.Tsoong; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 395 (1979)
Distribution: China
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia bulgarica (Stoj.) Peev; Fl. Republ. Bulgariya 10: 106 (1996)
Distribution: Serbia; W-Bulgaria
13 BUL SRB
Remarks: valid species fide Stoyanov et al. 2022
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia variegata var. bulgarica Stoj.; Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh. 1: 78 (1926)
species :
Scrophularia cabulica Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 316 (1846)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghazni, Paktia / Khost)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia elegantissima Rech.f. & Wendelbo; Bot. Notiser, cxvii. 366 (1964)
species :
Scrophularia californica Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 2: 585 (1827)
Name: California figwort
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Oregon, Washington State); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
71 CDN 73 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia californica subsp. floribunda (Greene) R.J.Shaw; Aliso 5: 176 (1962)
= Scrophularia californica var. catalina Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif.: 906 (1925)
= Scrophularia californica var. floribunda Greene; Man. Bot. San Francisco 273 (1894)
= Scrophularia californica var. laciniata Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jeps.] 906 (1925)
= Scrophularia californica var. oregana (Pennell) Cronquist; Fl. Pacific North. west: 441 (1973)
= Scrophularia floribunda (Greene) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 246 (1906) non Boiss. & Balansa
= Scrophularia multiflora Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 99: 173 (1947)
= Scrophularia nodosa var. californica (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Benth.] 40 (1844)
= Scrophularia oregana Pennell; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 55: 316 (1928)
species :
Scrophularia calliantha Webb & Berthel.; Phyt. Canar. 3: 136 (1850)
Name: Schönblütige Braunwurz (DE); Fistulera de Gran Canaria (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria)
21 CNY
species :
Scrophularia calycina Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 18 (1835)
Distribution: Pakistan (Swat, Hazara); Nepal; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand)
40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Veronica thyrsiflora Wall.; Numer. List no. 6393 (1832)
species :
Scrophularia canescens Bong.; Bull. Sci. Acad. Petersb. 8: 340 (1841)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB
species :
Scrophularia canina L.; Sp. Pl. 621 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. canina
Name: Hunds-Braunwurz (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland [I]); Switzerland; ?Liechtenstein; Austria; Slovakia; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; USA [I] (New Jersey [I])
11 AUT GER SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 KRY 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 75 usa
Remarks: canina agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia atropurpurea Moretti; Bibliot. Ital. (Milan) 12: 372 (1818)
= Scrophularia barcinonensis Sennen; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s. 70: 65 (1923 publ. 1924), nom. nud.
= Scrophularia canina subsp. pinnatifida (Brot.) J.-M.Tison; Biocosme Mésogéen 27(4): 131 (2010)
= Scrophularia canina var. baetica Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 446 (1841), as ´boetica´
= Scrophularia canina var. deschatresii Gamisans; D. Jeanmonod & Gamisans, Scrophulariac. (Complém. Prodr. Fl. Corse): 129 (1992)
= Scrophularia canina var. dissecta Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 11: 94 (1909)
= Scrophularia canina var. humifusa (Timb.-Lagr. ex Nyman) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy] 11: 94 (1909)
= Scrophularia canina var. montana Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 4: 163 (1829)
= Scrophularia canina var. nana Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 4: 163 (1829)
= Scrophularia canina var. pinnatifida (Brot.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 598 (1878)
= Scrophularia canina var. tenuisecta Jord. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 534 (1881), nom. inval.
= Scrophularia humifusa Timb.-Lagr. ex Nyman; Consp. 534 (1881)
= Scrophularia littoralis Sennen; Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 29: 79 (1930)
= Scrophularia lucida Pall. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur. Caucasus 2: 78 (1808)
= Scrophularia multifida Lam.; Fl. Franç. 2: 336 (1779)
= Scrophularia pinnata Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 15 (1768)
= Scrophularia pinnatifida Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 292 (1804)
= Scrophularia pubescens Sweet; Hort. Brit. ed. II. 392 (1830)
= Scrophularia pyramidalis Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 165 (1828)
= Scrophularia ruta-canina Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 345 (1897)
= Scrophularia tarraconensis Sennen; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s. 70: 65 (1923 publ. 1924)
= Tomiephyllum caninum (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon N. S. 17: 125 (1869)
= Tomiephyllum tenuisectum Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon N. S. 17: 125 (1869)
subspecies :
subsp. bicolor (Sm.) Greuter; Boissiera 13: 109 (1967)
Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Syria (W-coastal Syria)
13 ALB BIH CRO GRC TUE 20 EGY 34 EAI SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia bicolor Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Prodr. Fl. Graec. 1: 437 (1806)
= Scrophularia canina var. bicolor (Sm.) Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 2: 159 (1847)
= Scrophularia canina var. pallida Hausskn.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f. 10: 58 (1897)
= Scrophularia chrysanthemifolia Willd.; Hort. Berol. 1: 59 (1805)
= Scrophularia heldreichii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2,3: 158 (1856)
= Scrophularia pindicola Hausskn.; Mitt. Thür. Bot. Ver. nov. ser. 10: 59 (1897)
= Scrophularia ramosissima d´Urv.; non Loisel.
subspecies :
subsp. hoppii (W.D.J.Koch) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. Fr. 770 (1937)
Name: Hoppes Braunwurz
Distribution: Switzerland (Jura); France; Italy (Appennini, S-Alps); Slovenia; Croatia; USA [I] (New Jersey [I])
11 SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA SLV 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia canina Hoppe ex Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 165 (1828) non L.
= Scrophularia canina subsp. juratensis (Schleich. ex Wydler) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 231 (1894)
= Scrophularia chrysanthemifolia Rchb. ex Nyman; Consp. 534 (1881) non Willd.
= Scrophularia hoppii W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 2: 410 (1826)
= Scrophularia juratensis Schleich. ex Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 164 (1828)
subspecies :
subsp. ramosissima (Loisel.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 231 (1894)
Distribution: Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; ?Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 BAL COR FRA SAR 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia canina subsp. ramosissima (Loisel.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 770 (1937), isonym
= Scrophularia canina var. minoricensis P.Monts.; Acta Geobot. Barcinon. 5: 120 (1970)
= Scrophularia canina var. ramosissima (Loisel.) Bég.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 431 (1902)
= Scrophularia frutescens DC.; Fl. Fr. 3: 729 (1805) non L.
= Scrophularia ramosissima Loisel.; Fl. Gall. 381 (1807)
= Scrophularia ramosissima subsp. minoricensis (P.Monts.) Romo; Fl. Silvestres Baleares: 274 (1994)
subspecies :
subsp. tristis (K.Malý) Nikolic; Fl. SR Srbije 6: 171 (1974)
Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Albania
13 ALB KOS SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia canina f. tristis Maly
species :
Scrophularia capillaris Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss., Fl. 4: 397 (1879)
Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia carduchorum R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36: 12 (1978)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia catariifolia Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 36 (1853)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia cilicica Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 75 (1952)
= Scrophularia cilicica var. pubescens Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 76 (1952)
= Scrophularia glandulosissima Freyn & Sint.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 49 (1896)
= Scrophularia nepetifolia Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 407 (1879), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia rimarum Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 202 (1909)
= Scrophularia rimarum f. farinea Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 202 (1909)
= Scrophularia rimarum f. glabrescens Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 202 (1909)
= Scrophularia rimarum f. pubescens Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 203 (1909)
= Scrophularia sintenisii Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 51 (1896) non Bornm.
species :
Scrophularia charadzae Kem.-Nath.; Not. Syst. Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis, Fasc. 18, 51 (1955)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
species :
Scrophularia chasmophila W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(63-64): 181-182 (1921)
subspecies :
subsp. chasmophila
Distribution: China (Yunnan, SW-Sichuan); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia nana H.L.Li; Lloydia 16(3): 173 (1953) non Stiefelh.
= Scrophularia rockii H.L.Li; Lloydia 16(3): 174 (1953)
subspecies :
subsp. xizangensis D.Y.Hong; Novon 6(4): 374 (1996)
Distribution: Tibet
36 TIB
species :
Scrophularia chlorantha Kotschy & Boiss.; Boiss., Fl. 4: 399 (1879)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 GEO 34 IRN IRQ TUR
species :
Scrophularia chrysantha Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Or. 3: 26, 220 (1847)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
33 ARM GEO 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia calycina Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 390 (1879), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia congesta Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 30(I): 348 (1857)
= Scrophularia lunariifolia Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 390 (1879)
= Scrophularia minima Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 303 (1846), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia vernalis M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur. Caucasus 2: 76 (1808) non L. 1753
species :
Scrophularia clematidifolia Eig; Palest. J. Bot. Jerusalem ser. 3: 81, t. 3 (1944)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia cooperi R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 57(3): 424 (2000)
Distribution: Bhutan
40 BHU
species :
Scrophularia crassicaulis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 37 (1853)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia crassipedunculata Attar & Joharchi; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 195 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia crassiuscula Grau; Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 147: 263, t. 194 & 231, f. 2 & 237, f. 5 (1981)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia crenophila Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 7: 41 (1846)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, W-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ
species :
Scrophularia cretacea Fisch.; Hort. Gorenk. ed. II. (1812) 24, nomen, et ex Spreng. Syst. 2: 788
Distribution: SE-European Russia; E-Ukraine
14 RUS UKR
species :
Scrophularia crithmifolia Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Midi Esp. 2: 447 (1841)
Distribution: S-, NE- & E-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia canina subsp. crithmifolia (Boiss.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 14: 96 (1983)
= Scrophularia canina var. catalonica O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 14: 96 (1983)
= Scrophularia canina var. pyrenaica Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 7: 109 (1908)
= Scrophularia crithmifolia subsp. alpina (Boiss.) Malag.; Las Subesp. y Variac. Geogr.: 17 (1973)
= Scrophularia crithmifolia subsp. burundana L.Villar; Doc. Phytosoc. 78: 15 (1974)
= Scrophularia crithmifolia var. major Rouy; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), sér. 3, 3: 239 (1883)
= Scrophularia lucida Cav. ex Willk. & Lange; Prod. Fl. Hisp. 2: 554 (1870) non L.
species :
Scrophularia cryptophila Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 31 (1853)
Distribution: European Turkey; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
13 TUE 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia praeterita Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 83 (1952)
species :
Scrophularia czapandaghi B.Fedtsch.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 14: 437 (1951)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
species :
Scrophularia czernjakowskiana B.Fedtsch.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 14: 436 (1951)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
species :
Scrophularia decomposita Royle ex Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 18 (1835)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Pakistan (Waziristan, Gilgit, Astor, Baltistan); Nepal; NW-India (Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand)
32 KGZ TZK UZB 40 IND NEP PAK
Remarks: sometimes included in S. lucida
species :
Scrophularia delavayi Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 15-16 (1900)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, N-Yunnan); Myanmar (Chin, Kachin)
36 CHI 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia campanulata H.L.Li; Lloydia 16(3): 171 (1953)
= Scrophularia muliensis H.L.Li; Lloydia 16(3): 171-172 (1953)
species :
Scrophularia denaensis Attar; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 139 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia densifolia Urb. & Ekman; Arkiv Bot., Stockh. 23: A. No. 11, 38 (1931)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 HIS
species :
Scrophularia dentata Royle ex Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 19 (1835)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Wakhan); Tibet; NE-Pakistan (Gilgit); India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Rupshu, Zanskar)
34 AFG 36 TIB 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia kotschyi Hook.f. & Thomson ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 256 (1884)
species :
Scrophularia depauperata Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 4: 68 (1844)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia variegata subsp. depauperata (Boiss.) Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 136 (1970)
species :
Scrophularia deserti Delile; Fl. Eg. 240, t. 33, f. (1813-1814)
Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Helmand, Kandahar, Nimroz, Parwan); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira); Israel (Rift Valley, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai, C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; Pakistan (Peshawar)
20 EGY 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR SIN SYR 35 BAR KUW QAT SAU 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia deserti var. foliata Eig; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 3: 90 (1944)
= Scrophularia marginata Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 4: 72 (1844)
= Scrophularia moniliformis Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 54 (1943)
= Scrophularia sinaica Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 314 (1846)
species :
Scrophularia desertorum (Munz) R.J.Shaw; Aliso 5: 174 (1962)
Name: Desert figwort
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia californica var. desertorum Munz; Aliso 4: 99 (1958)
species :
Scrophularia dianatnejadii Ranjbar & Rahch.; Novon 27(4): 245 (2019)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia diffusa Sommier & Levier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 4: 205 (1897)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan
33 AZE GEO
species :
Scrophularia diplodonta Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 14-15 (1900)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia crenatosepala H.L.Li; Lloydia 16(3): 177 (1953)
= Scrophularia diplodonta var. tsanchanensis Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 15 (1900)
species :
Scrophularia divaricata Ledeb.; Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. 2: 10 (1830)
Distribution: SC-European Russia (near Boguear); Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia
14 RUS UKR 33 ARM GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia georgica Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 305 (1846)
species :
Scrophularia domingensis Urb.; Symb. Antill. 7: 538 (1913)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 HIS
species :
Scrophularia dshungarica Golosk. & Tzag.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Kasachst. 2: 32 (1964)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
species :
Scrophularia duplicatoserrata Makino; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 20: 4 (1906)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia duplicatoserrata f. nudipes Sugim.; J. Geobot. 24(3): 63 (1977)
species :
Scrophularia edelbergii Rech.f.; K. Danske Vid. Selsk, Biol. Skrift. 10: No. 3 (Symb. Afghan. iv.) 103 (1959)
subspecies :
subsp. edelbergii
Distribution: Afghanistan (Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Kabul, Logar, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Parwan, Samangan)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia bamianica Gilli; Feddes Repert. 63: 323 (1961)
= Scrophularia volkii Rech.f.; Biol. Skr. 10(3): 107 (1959)
subspecies :
subsp. pseudodeserti Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 270 (1981)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Baghlan, Kabul, Parwan)
34 AFG
species :
Scrophularia edgeworthii Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 304 (1846)
Distribution: W-Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand)
40 IND NEP
species :
Scrophularia eggersii Urb.; Symb. Antill. 5: 493 (1908)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 HIS
species :
Scrophularia elatior Wall. ex Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 18 (1835)
Distribution: China (Xinjiang, Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)
36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia petitmenginii Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58: 521 (1911)
species :
Scrophularia elbursensis Bornm.; Bull. Herb Boiss. ser. 2, 7: 969 (1907)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia elymaitica Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 16(2): 208 (-210, fig. 3) (2010)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia eriocalyx Emb. & Maire; Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc, No. 17, 47 (1927)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia eriocalyx var. defoliata Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 682 (1934)
= Scrophularia eriocalyx var. foliosa Font Quer & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 310 (1931)
species :
Scrophularia erzincanica R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36: 13 (1978)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia exilis Popl.; Spisok Rast. Krymsk. 85 (1931)
Distribution: Crimea
14 KRY
Remarks: rediscovered in 2013, not a synonym of S. heterophylla ssp. laciniata
species :
Scrophularia fargesii Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 12 (1900)
Distribution: China (Hubei, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia franchetiana P.C.Tsoong; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3(4): 416-417 (1955)
= Scrophularia wilsonii Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58: 528 (1911)
species :
Scrophularia fatmae Kandemir & Ilhan; Bagbahçe Bilim Derg. 1(1): 12 (2014)
Distribution: Turkey (Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia fedtschenkoi Gorschk.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 14: 446 (1951)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Scrophularia flava Grau; Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 147: 264, t. 195 & 231, f. 3 (1981)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia floribunda Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3: 158 (1856)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey (SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia canina var. floribunda (Boiss. & Balansa); Fl. Orient. 4: 419 (1879)
= Scrophularia canina subsp. floribunda (Boiss. & Balansa) Rech.f.
species :
Scrophularia fontqueri Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 128(2): 191 (1998)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
species :
Scrophularia formosana H.L.Li; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 3: 68 (1950)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Scrophularia frigida Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 7: 42 (1846)
subspecies :
subsp. frigida
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, W-Iran)
32 TKM 34 IRN
subspecies :
subsp. haussknechtii Bornm. ex Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 256 (1981)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia frutescens L.; Sp. Pl. 621 (1753)
Distribution: Portugal; S-Spain; Pantelleria; Morocco; Algeria
12 POR SPA 13 PTL 20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia canina Bourg. ex Reut.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 11: 46 (1864) non L.
= Scrophularia canina subsp. frutescens (L.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 14: 96 (1983)
= Scrophularia canina var. frutescens (L.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 446 (1841)
= Scrophularia canina var. latifolia (Benth.) Rouy; Naturaliste 4: 148 (1882)
= Scrophularia canina var. pyrenaea O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 11: 78 (1979)
= Scrophularia frutescens var. latifolia Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 316 (1846)
= Scrophularia gussonei Nyman; Consp. 534 (1881)
= Scrophularia pinnatifida Guss.; Fl. Sic. Syn. 2(1): 129 (1844) non Brot. 1804
species :
Scrophularia galilaea Eig; Palest. J. Bot. Ser. J, 1: 84 (1938), pro syn.
Distribution: Syria (Jbel Druze); Israel (N-Israel)
34 ISR SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Mosheovia galilaea Eig; Palest. J. Bot. Jerusalem ser. 1: 83 (1938)
species :
Scrophularia gaubae Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44: 267 (1940)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia ghahremanii Attar & Hamzehee; Feddes Repert. 117(7-8): 511 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia glabella Botsch. & Junussov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 20: 170 (1983)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Tajikistan
32 TKM TZK
species :
Scrophularia glabrata Aiton; Hort. Kew. ed. I. 2: 341 (1789)
Name: Verkahlte Braunwurz (DE); Fistulera de cumbre (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife, La Palma)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia berthelotii Bolle; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 11: 202 (1861)
= Scrophularia elongata Webb ex Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 593 (1846)
species :
Scrophularia gontscharovii Gorschk.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 15: 370 (1953)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KGZ TZK UZB
species :
Scrophularia gorganica Rech.f.; Anz. Math.-Nat. Kl. Oesterr. Akad. Wiss. 92: 278 (1955)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia gracilis Blakelock; Kew Bull. 1949: 531 (1950)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)
34 IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia ericiflora Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 87: 92 (1950)
= Scrophularia rimarum var. pubescens Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 203 (1909)
species :
Scrophularia grandiflora DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 143 (1813)
Distribution: WC-Portugal
12 POR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia sambucifolia var. hirsuta Wydler; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 4: 147 (1828)
species :
Scrophularia granitica Klokov & Krasnova; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 81 (80-86; fig. 1, map) (1981)
Distribution: Ukraine
14 UKR
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Scrophularia grayanoides M.Kikuchi; Mem. Nat. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, No. 1, 69 (1968)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia grayana var. grayanoides (Kikuchi) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 57(7): 212 (1982)
species :
Scrophularia griffithii Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 312 (1846)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan (Pamir-Alai); Tajikistan
32 KAZ KGZ TZK
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia capusii Tzag.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Kasachst. 2: 35 (1964), cum descr. emend.
= Scrophularia griffithii Franck; Pl. Turkest., Miss. Copus (Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 6, 18: 224 (1884) non Benth.
= Scrophularia zaravschanica Gorschk. & Zakirov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S. S. S. R. 14: 448 (1951)
species :
Scrophularia gypsicola Hub.-Mor. & Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 133, f. 3c (1970)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia haematantha Boiss. & Heldr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 415 (1879)
Distribution: Armenia
33 ARM
species :
Scrophularia henryi Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(174): 178 (1890)
Distribution: China (W-Hubei)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia henryi var. glabrescens Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(174): 178 (1890)
species :
Scrophularia herminii Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Port. 1: 266 (1813 publ. 1820)
Distribution: NW-Spain; N- & C-Portugal
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia herminii var. gallaecica Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 12: 42 (1914)
species :
Scrophularia heterophylla Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 274 (1800)
Name: Verschiedenblättrige Braunwurz (DE), Variable-leaved Figwort (EN)
Distribution: Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; East Aegaean Isl.
13 GRC KRI 34 EAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia caesia Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 438 (1809)
= Scrophularia chrysanthemifolia Bory & Chaub.; Nouv. Fl. Pelop. 40 (1838), non Willd.
= Scrophularia heterophylla var. taygetea (Boiss.) Raus; A. Strid & Kit Tan (eds.), Mount. Fl. Greece 2: 196 (1991)
= Scrophularia lepetymnica Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 151 (1897)
= Scrophularia micrantha d´Urv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Par. 1: 331 (1822)
= Scrophularia olivieriana Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 159 (1828)
= Scrophularia olympica var. bordzilowskii Shelud.; Turczaninowia 18(3): 72 (2015), nom. nov. for S. olympica var. integrifolia Bordz.
= Scrophularia olympica var. integrifolia Bordz.; Sborn. Pam. Fomina 62 (1938) non Freyn & Sint.
= Scrophularia sibthorpiana Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 786 (1825)
= Scrophularia taygetea Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. 1(4): 68 (1844)
= Scrophularia tenuis Hausskn.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f. 10: 60 (1896)
= Scrophularia urvilleana Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 160 (1828)
= Scrophularia verbenifolia Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2: 77 (1815)
species :
Scrophularia heucheriiflora Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 25 (1841)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia hierochuntina Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 35 (1853)
Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert)
34 ISR LEB SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia telavivensis Eig; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 3: 85 (1944)
= Scrophularia michoniana var. tenuisecta Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 402 (1879)
species :
Scrophularia hilbigii Jäger; Feddes Repert. 96(3): 188 (1985)
Distribution: Mongolia
37 MON
species :
Scrophularia himalensis Royle ex Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 18 (1835)
Distribution: Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)
40 BHU IND
species :
Scrophularia hirta Lowe; Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. 4: 21 (1831)
Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.)
21 MDR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia confusa Menezes; Fl. Arch. Madeira: 125 (1914)
= Scrophularia confusa subsp. vestita Menezes; Fl. Arch. Madeira: 126 (1914)
= Scrophularia confusa var. latifolia Menezes; Fl. Arch. Madeira: 126 (1914)
= Scrophularia hirta subsp. ambigua Menezes; Fl. Arch. Madeira: 127 (1914)
= Scrophularia longifolia Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 309 (1846)
= Scrophularia longifolia var. insolita Menezes; Fl. Arch. Madeira: 128 (1914)
= Scrophularia longifolia var. intermedia Menezes; Fl. Arch. Madeira: 128 (1914)
= Scrophularia longifolia var. intricata Menezes; Fl. Arch. Madeira: 129 (1914)
species :
Scrophularia horizontalis Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Nat., cv. 181 (1969)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Orozgan / Daykundi)
34 AFG
species :
Scrophularia hypericifolia Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 166. t. 5 (1828)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt); Armenia; Iraq (S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, Midyan, Asir, Dahana)
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 33 ARM 34 IRQ ISR LEB SIN SYR 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia benthamiana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 39 (1853)
= Scrophularia saharae Batt. & Trab.; Fl. de l´Alger. Dicot. (1889) 634, et in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 38: 296 (1891)
= Scrophularia syriaca Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 316 (1846)
species :
Scrophularia hypsophila Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 62: 238 (1925)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia hyssopifolia Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. 4: 418 (1879)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia ilwensis K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 284 (1843)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 GEO 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia calvertii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 152 (1856)
species :
Scrophularia imerethica Kem.-Nath.; Not. Syst. Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis, Fasc. 18, 50 (1955)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO
species :
Scrophularia incisa Weinm.; Bot. Gart. Dorpat., Suppl. 2, 136 (1810)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai); Mongolia
30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia adscendens Willd.; Enum. Pl.: 644 (1809)
= Scrophularia canescens var. glabrata Franch.; Pl. David. 1: 221 (1884)
= Scrophularia cretacea var. glabrata (Franch.) Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst 44: 477 (1910)
= Scrophularia gmelinii Turcz. ex Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 311 (1846)
= Scrophularia patriniana Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 159 (1828)
species :
Scrophularia integrifolia Pavlov; Vestn. Akad. Nauk Kaz. SSR, 3(60): 32 (1950)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan
32 KAZ KGZ UZB
species :
Scrophularia iranica Attar; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 137 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia ispahanica Attar & Nowroozi; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 195 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia jafrii Khatoon & Qaiser; Willdenowia, 17(1-2): 136 (1988)
Distribution: Pakistan
40 PAK
species :
Scrophularia jinii P.Li; Phytotaxa 350(1): 4 (2018)
Distribution: China (Hubei)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia kabadianensis B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkest. 5: 86 (1913)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TZK UZB
species :
Scrophularia kakudensis Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 26: 87 (1879)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan [I]
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO tai
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia cephalantha Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 634 (1938)
= Scrophularia erecta Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 458 (1910)
= Scrophularia kakudensis var. latisepala (Kitag.) Kitag.; J. Jap. Bot. 25: 44 (1950)
= Scrophularia kakudensis var. microphylla Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 637 (1938)
= Scrophularia kakudensis var. toyamae (Hatus. ex T.Yamaz.) T.Yamaz.; Fl. Japan 3a: 330 (1993)
= Scrophularia kakudensis var. velutina Sakata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 16 (1938)
= Scrophularia koraiensis Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 23: 189 (1909) et J. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 31: 118 (1911)
= Scrophularia koraiensis var. velutina Sakata ex Uyeki & Sakata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 16 (1938)
= Scrophularia latisepala Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) (1935)
= Scrophularia maximowiczii Gorschk.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 14: 441 (1951)
= Scrophularia paekamicola Sakata; Acta Phytotax. & Geobot., Kyoto 7: 16 (1938)
= Scrophularia pilosa Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 633 (1938)
= Scrophularia shikokiana Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 176 (1941)
= Scrophularia toyamae Hatus. ex T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 25: 215 (1950)
species :
Scrophularia kamelinii Botsch. & Kurbanov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 29: 120 (1993)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
species :
Scrophularia kansuensis Batalin; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13(2): 381-382 (1894)
Distribution: China (SE-Gansu, Qinghai, N-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia kermanica Ghahr. & Mirtadz.; Iran. J. Bot. 8(2): 246 (2000)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia khorassanica Attar & Joharchi; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 195 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia kiriloviana Schischk.; Fl. URSS 22: 306-307 (1955)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia incisa var. alpina Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 414 (1842)
= Scrophularia incisa var. major Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 220 (1847)
= Scrophularia incisa var. pinnata Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(I): 435 (1866)
= Scrophularia pinnata Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 719 (1842), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia pinnata var. subpinnata Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 10: 58 (1845)
species :
Scrophularia kjurendaghi Botsch. & Kurbanov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 68(2): 237 (1983)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
species :
Scrophularia koelzii Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 52 (1943)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Ghazni, Parwan); Pakistan; Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)
34 AFG 40 IND NEP PAK
species :
Scrophularia kollakii S.A.Ahmad; Harvard Pap. Bot. 21(1): 93 (2016)
Distribution: Iraq
34 IRQ
species :
Scrophularia kotschyana Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 303 (1846)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)
33 GEO 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia ballsii Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 73 (1952)
= Scrophularia bornmuelleri Freyn & Sint.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 348 (1892)
= Scrophularia byzantina Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 303 (1846)
= Scrophularia viscosa Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 391 (1879)
species :
Scrophularia kurbanovii Botsch.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69(3): 409 (1984)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
species :
Scrophularia kurdica Eig; Palest. J. Bot. I. Ser. 3: 81 (1944)
subspecies :
subsp. kurdica
Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
34 IRN IRQ TUR
subspecies :
subsp. glabra Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 223 (1981)
Distribution: Iraq; Iran
34 IRN IRQ
species :
Scrophularia laciniata Waldst. & Kit.; Pl. Rar. Hung. 2: 185. t. 170 (1803 publ. 1804)
Distribution: Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Crimea; East Aegaean Isl.
13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 KRY 34 EAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia frutescens Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prod. 1: 437 (1809) non L.
= Scrophularia heterophylla Sm.; Fl. Graec. 7: 2. t. 603 (1831) non Willd.
= Scrophularia heterophylla subsp. laciniata (Waldst. & Kit.) Maire & Petitm.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy ser. 3, 8: 178 (1907)
= Scrophularia jankae Borbás ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2: 231 (1890)
= Scrophularia laciniata var. olympica Stoj. & Jordanov; God. Sofiisk. Univ. Fiz.-Mat. Fak. 34: 208 (1937-1938 publ. 1938)
= Scrophularia multifida Willd.; Enum. Hort. Berol. 646 (1809)
= Scrophularia pulverulenta Janka; Természetrajzi Füz. 4: 309 (1880), nom. illeg., non Boiss. & Noe
= Scrophularia silaifolia E.D.Clarke; Travels Eur. Asia & Africa 2: 261 (1812)
= Scrophularia variegata Rchb. ex Nyman; Consp. 534 (1881) non M. Bieb.
species :
Scrophularia laevigata Vahl; Symb. Bot. 2: 67 (1791)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia foliosa Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 101 (1874)
= Scrophularia hispida Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 55 (1798)
= Scrophularia hispida var. subcrispa (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algerie [Battandier & Trab.]: 632 (1890)
= Scrophularia laevigata subsp. hispida (Desf.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N.31: 110 (1940)
= Scrophularia laevigata subsp. pellucida (Pomel) Murb.; Contr. Fl. Tunisie [Murb.] 2, Acta Univ. Lund 34: 19 (1898)
= Scrophularia laevigata subsp. simplicifolia (Batt.) Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 1127 (1941)
= Scrophularia laevigata var. decomposita Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 219 (1935)
= Scrophularia laevigata var. dissecta Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 110 (1940)
= Scrophularia laevigata var. laciniata Batt.; Fl. Algerie-Tunisie [Batt. & Trab.]: 245 "1902" (1905)
= Scrophularia laevigata var. pubescens Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21-22(fasc. 15): 12 (1930)
= Scrophularia laevigata var. simplicifolia Batt.; Fl. Algerie-Tunisie [Batt. & Trab.]: 245 "1902" (1905)
= Scrophularia laevigata var. wallii Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 219 (1935)
= Scrophularia pellucida Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 101 (1874)
= Scrophularia subcrispa Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 102 (1874)
= Scrophularia trifoliata Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 54 (1798)
species :
Scrophularia laevis Wooton & Standl.; Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 16: 173 (1913)
Name: Organ Mountain figwort
Distribution: USA (New Mexico)
77 USA
species :
Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh; Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 419 (1813)
Name: Lanceleaf figwort
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)
71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia dakotana Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 240 (1918)
= Scrophularia dimidiata Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 161 (1840)
= Scrophularia lanceolata f. velutina Pennell; Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1: 256 (1935)
= Scrophularia lanceolata var. occidentalis Pennell; Torreya 22: 82 (1922)
= Scrophularia leporella E.P.Bicknell; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 23: 317 (1896)
= Scrophularia nodosa var. lanceolata (Pursh) M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 12: 67 (1908)
= Scrophularia nodosa var. occidentalis Rydb.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 517 (1896)
= Scrophularia occidentalis (Rydb.) E.P.Bicknell; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 23: 315 (1896)
= Scrophularia pectinata Raf.; Autik. Bot. 160 (1840)
= Scrophularia serrata Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 688 (1909)
= Scrophularia utahensis Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 219 (1919)
species :
Scrophularia landroveri Wendelbo; Bot. Notiser 117: 368 (1964)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Parwan)
34 AFG
species :
Scrophularia laportiifolia T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 46(8): 248 (1971), as ´laportaefolia´
Distribution: Nepal
40 NEP
species :
Scrophularia lateriflora Trautv.; Bull. Acad. Petersb. 10: 396 (1866)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan
33 AZE GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia clandestina Rupr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 392 (1879)
species :
Scrophularia laxiflora Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1877 231 (1878)
Distribution: S-Spain (Cadiz); NW-Morocco
12 SPA 20 MOR
species :
Scrophularia lepidota Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 4: 71 (1844)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia leucoclada Bunge; Rel. Lehmann. 7: 424 (1851), et Beitr. Fl. Russl.: 248 (1852)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Herat)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia fruticosa Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 203 (1909) non DC.
species :
Scrophularia lhasaensis D.Y.Hong; Novon 6(4): 372 (1996)
Distribution: C-Tibet
36 TIB
species :
Scrophularia libanotica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 36 (1853)
subspecies :
subsp. libanotica
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai)
34 IRN IRQ LEB SIN SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia rupestris var. libanotica (Boiss.) Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 136 (1970)
= Scrophularia variegata var. libanotica (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 418 (1879)
= Scrophularia tagetifolia subsp. diversifolia Eig; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 3: 83 (1941)
variant :
var. antalyensis Ayasligil & R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42(1): 71 (1984)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
variant :
var. australis R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 16 (1978)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
variant :
var. cappadocica R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 17 (1978)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
variant :
var. mesogitana (Boiss.) R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 18 (1978)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia mesogitana Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 407 (1879)
variant :
var. nevshehirensis R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 16 (1978)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
variant :
var. oligantha Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 80 (1952)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
variant :
var. pontica R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 19 (1978)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
variant :
var. sivasica R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 18 (1978)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
variant :
var. urartuensis R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 18 (1978)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
subspecies :
subsp. armena R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 19 (1978)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia armena K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 711 (1849)
species :
Scrophularia lijiangensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 65(11): 342 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia litvinovii B.Fedtsch.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 14: 439 (1951)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
species :
Scrophularia longiflora Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 313 (1846)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia farinosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 40 (1846)
species :
Scrophularia lowei Dalgaard; Op. Bot. 51: 37 (1979)
Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.)
21 MDR
species :
Scrophularia lucida L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1114 (1759)
Name: Helle Braunwurz (DE); Pale Figwort, Shining Figwort (EN)
Distribution: SE-France; Italy; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; Northern Caucasus; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (NE-Cyprus); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Saudi Arabia (Nejd Desert)
12 FRA 13 GRC ITA KRI 33 NCS 34 CYP EAI SYR TUR 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia canina subsp. lucida (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 231 (1894)
= Scrophularia filicifolia Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 10 (1768)
= Scrophularia filicifolia Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. 6: 78 (1827), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia filicifolia var. minor Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 70 (1844)
= Scrophularia glauca Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. 6: 78 (1827)
= Scrophularia livida Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 437 (1809)
= Scrophularia lucida subsp. boissieri Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 312 (1846), nom. superfl.
= Scrophularia lucida subsp. filicifolia (Mill.) Rech.f.
= Scrophularia lucida subsp. glauca (Sm.) Rech.f.
= Scrophularia lucida subsp. provincialis (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 770 (1937)
= Scrophularia lucida var. filicifolia (Mill.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 403 (1879)
= Scrophularia methanaea Hausskn.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f. 10: 57 (1896)
= Scrophularia olympica var. rutifolia (Boiss.) Kusn.; Uchen. Zap. Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 6(1): 26 (1898)
= Scrophularia provincialis Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 38: 264 (1891)
= Scrophularia rutiifolia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 404 (1879)
= Scrophularia sphaerocarpa Boiss. & Reut.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3: 158 (1856)
species :
Scrophularia lucidaifolia Uzunh. & E.Dogan; Phytotaxa 204(1): 95 (2015)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia luridiflora Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Ind. Sem. Hort Petrop. 5: 40 (1839)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia lyrata Willd.; Hort. Berol. t. 55 (1805)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 POR SPA 13 KRI 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia aquatica subsp. jallui Gattef. & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 28: 545 (1938)
= Scrophularia auriculata subsp. lyrata (Willd.) Gamisans; Compl. Prod. F. Corse 123 (1992)
= Scrophularia cretica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 400 (1879)
= Scrophularia jallui (Gattef. & Weiller) Ibn Tattou; Bocconea 8: 173 (1998)
= Scrophularia salicifolia Sieber
species :
Scrophularia macrantha Greene ex Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. 44(4): 461, 483 (1910)
Name: New Mexico figwort
Distribution: USA (New Mexico: A. L. Grant Co., Luna Co.)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia coccinea A.Gray; Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 111 (1859), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia neomexicana R.J.Shaw; Aliso 5: 170 (1962)
species :
Scrophularia macrobotrys Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 217 (1847)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS
species :
Scrophularia macrocarpa P.C.Tsoong; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 395, t. 25 (1979), et Nordic J. Bot. 27(5): 379 (2009)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia macrophylla Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 32 (1853)
Distribution: Iraq; Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel)
34 IRQ ISR SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia balbisii var. macrophylla (Boiss.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 154 (1859)
species :
Scrophularia macrorrhyncha (Humbert, Litard. & Maire) Ibn Tattou; Bocconea 8: 173 (1998)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia ramosissima subsp. macrorrhyncha Humbert, Litard. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 18: 155 (1927)
species :
Scrophularia maharluica Ranjbar & Rahch.; Nordic J. Bot. 35(2): 152 (2016)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia mandarinorum Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 13 (1900)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); S- & SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia duclouxii Stiefelh. & Bonati ex Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58: 521 (1911)
= Scrophularia stiefelhagenii Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58: 522 (1911)
species :
Scrophularia mandshurica Maxim.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 54: I. 35 (1879)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye)
31 RFE
species :
Scrophularia mapienensis P.C.Tsoong; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 395, t. 6, f. 1-4 (1979)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia marilandica L.; Sp. Pl. 619 (1753)
Name: Carpenter´s square
Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia adenopa Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 161 (1840)
= Scrophularia diversifolia Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 161 (1840)
= Scrophularia marilandica var. viridis Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 22: 184 (1921)
= Scrophularia neglecta Rydb.; Small, Fl. S.E. U.S.: 1058 (1903)
= Scrophularia nodosa var. americana Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 21 (1803)
= Scrophularia nodosa var. marilandica (L.) A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 258 (1878)
= Scrophularia serrulata Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 161 (1840)
species :
Scrophularia megalantha Rech.f.; Anz. Math.-Nat. Kl. Oesterr. Akad. Wiss. 92: 278 (1953)
Distribution: Iran (N-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia nahavendii Mobayen; Acta Ecol. Iran. 1: 49 (1976)
species :
Scrophularia mersinensis Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 133 (1970)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia mesopotamica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 34 (1853)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia mexicana Mayfield & G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2012-25: 1 (2012)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
species :
Scrophularia minima M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur. Caucasus 2: 79 (1808)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan
33 AZE GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophucephalus minimus (M.Bieb.) A.P.Khokhr.; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 97(6): 97 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Scrophularia olympica var. minima (M.Bieb.) Kusn.; Uchen. Zap. Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 6(1): 26 (1898)
= Scrophularia pumila Adams ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 215 (1847), nom. inval.
species :
Scrophularia minutiflora Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 75: 18 (1923)
Name: Perejil cimarrón
Distribution: Cuba; Jamaica; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Puerto Rico
81 CUB HIS JAM PUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia micrantha Desv. ex Ham.; Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. [Ham.] 47 (1825) (non Urv.)
species :
Scrophularia modesta Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV 2: 28, t. 8 (1935)
Distribution: China (Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia moellendorffii Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 26(3): 500-501 (1880)
Distribution: China (Shanxi)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia mollis Sommier & Levier; Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. Ser. II. 4: 208 (1897)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
species :
Scrophularia montana Wooton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 308 (1898)
Name: Mountain figwort
Distribution: USA (New Mexico)
77 USA
species :
Scrophularia morisii Vals.; Webbia 34(1): 268 (1979)
Distribution: Sardinia
12 SAR
species :
Scrophularia multicaulis Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 76 (1840)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk)
30 SIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia stelleri Ledeb.; Denkschr. Bot. Ges. Regensb. 3: 98 (1841)
= Scrophularia stelleriana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 548 (1840)
species :
Scrophularia musashiensis Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 1911. 58: 520
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia musashiensis var. ina-vallicola Hid.Takah.; Bull. Kanagawa Prefect. Mus., Nat. Sci. 22: 51 (1993)
species :
Scrophularia myriophylla Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. 2(12): 39 (1853)
Distribution: S-Greece; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia)
13 GRC 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia laxa Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3: 154 (1856)
= Scrophularia lucida subsp. laxa (Boiss. & Heldr.) Maire & Petitm.
species :
Scrophularia nabataeorum Eig; Palest. J. Bot. Jerusalem ser. 3: 82, t. 3, f. 4 (1944)
Distribution: Jordania (S-Jordania)
34 JOR
species :
Scrophularia nana Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 479 (1910)
Distribution: SW-Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia nankinensis P.C.Tsoong; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 394 (1979)
Distribution: China (Jiangsu)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia neesii Wirtg.; Verh. Nat. Ver. Rheinl. 1: 29 (1844)
Name: Nees-Braunwurz, Nees-Flügel-Braunwurz (DE)
Distribution: Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (+Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Hungary; France; etc.
11 AUT BGM GER HUN LUX SWI 12 FRA
Remarks: cytologically distinct from S. umbrosa. Distribution imperfectly known.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia alata subsp. neesii (Wirtg.) Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2: 319 (1871)
= Scrophularia alata var. crenata (Neilr.) Hayek; Fl. Steiermark 2: 134 (1911)
= Scrophularia alata var. neesii (Wirtg.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg: 468 (1866)
= Scrophularia aquatica var. crenata (O.C.Schramm) Jess.; 105 (1879)
= Scrophularia ehrhartii var. crenata O.C.Schramm; Flora 41: 716 (1858)
= Scrophularia ehrhartii var. neesii Döll; 752 (1858)
= Scrophularia oblongifolia subsp. neesii (Wirtg.) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 42: 274 (2011 publ. 2012)
= Scrophularia umbrosa subsp. neesii (Wirtg.) E.Mayer; Sezn. Prapr. Cvet. Slov.: 202 (1952)
= Scrophularia umbrosa var. neesii (Wirtg.) Börner; 582 (1912)
species :
Scrophularia nervosa Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 303 (1846)
subspecies :
subsp. nervosa
Distribution: Armenia; Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
33 ARM 34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia digitalifolia Richt. ex Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wien 1: 23 (1885)
= Scrophularia nervosa var. glabriuscula Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22: 107 (1907)
= Scrophularia nervosa var. glandulosa Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22: 107 (1907)
= Scrophularia nervosa var. pruinosopuberula Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22: 107 (1907)
= Scrophularia olivieri Jaub. & Spach; Illustr. 3: 29. t. 222 (1850)
= Scrophularia polybotrys Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 32 (1853)
subspecies :
subsp. boissierana (Jaub. & Spach) Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 228 (1981)
Distribution: Iraq; Iran
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia boissieriana Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Or. 3: t. 223 (1850)
= Scrophularia orientalis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 393 (1879)
species :
Scrophularia nikitinii Gorschk.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 16: 333 (1954)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Afghanistan (Badghys, Balkh, Faryab, Herat, Takhar)
32 TKM 34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia koeiei Rech.f.; K. Danske Vid. Selsk., Biol. Skrift. 10: No. 3 (Symb. Afghan. IV.) 101(1959)
species :
Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(174): 178-179 (1890)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, N-Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia microdonta Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 11-12 (1900)
= Scrophularia silvestrii Bonati & Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 18(1): 179-180 (1911)
species :
Scrophularia nodosa L.; Sp. Pl. 619 (1753)
Name: Knotige Braunwurz (DE), Woodland figwort (EN)
Distribution: England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; N-Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Connecticut, Georgia, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Washington State)
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 TUR 50 aus 51 nzl 72 CDN 73 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia capitata Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 162 (1840)
= Scrophularia cechica Opiz; Seznam, 90 (1852)
= Scrophularia foetida Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd.: t. 533 (1767), opus utique rej.
= Scrophularia foetida Wydler; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 154 (1828)
= Scrophularia halleri Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 219 (1847), nom. inval.
= Scrophularia hemschinica K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 708 (1849)
= Scrophularia italica Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 6 (1768)
= Scrophularia major Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 341 (1897)
= Scrophularia nodosa f. pallescens (Döll) E.Baumann; 424 (1911)
= Scrophularia nodosa subsp. chamaeneriifolia Schustler; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 456 (1921)
= Scrophularia nodosa subsp. foliosa Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1927: no. 6145 (1928)
= Scrophularia nodosa var. bobartii Pryor; 239 (1877)
= Scrophularia nodosa var. montana Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 462 (1910)
= Scrophularia nodosa var. nitida Regel; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1868: 85 (1869)
= Scrophularia nodosa var. pallescens Döll; 751 (1858)
= Scrophularia nodosa var. purpurascens Salter ex J.J.Blandy; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 2: 367 (1862)
= Scrophularia nodosa var. serrulata Regel; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1868: 85 (1869)
= Scrophularia nodosa var. stiriaca (Rech. & L.Rech.) C.W.Christ.; J. A. Christ. & al., 201 (1922)
= Scrophularia nodosa var. viridiflora Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 2(1): 225 (1829)
= Scrophularia nodosa variegata G.Cooper ex J.Dix; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 1: 654 (1861)
= Scrophularia sckellii Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 783 (1825)
= Scrophularia serrulata Small; Fl. S.E. U.S.: 1058 (1903), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia stiriaca Rech. & L.Rech.; 161 (1906)
= Scrophularia ternata Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 53 (1853)
= Scrophularia wirtgenii W.D.J.Koch ex Opiz; Seznam: 90 (1852)
species :
Scrophularia nudata Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 49 (1943)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Nangarhar); NE-Pakistan (Astor, Gilgit, Baltistan); NW-India (Ladakh)
34 AFG 40 IND PAK
species :
Scrophularia nuraniae Tzag.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Kasachst. 2: 30 (1964)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
species :
Scrophularia oblongifolia Loisel.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 418 (1827)
Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia
12 COR SAR
Remarks: often combined with S. umbrosa and/or S. neesii in which case the name S. oblongifolia would have priority over S. umbrosa.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia aquatica subsp. oblongifolia (Loisel.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 768 (1937)
species :
Scrophularia obtusa Edgew. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 254 (1884)
Distribution: India (Uttarakhand)
40 IND
species :
Scrophularia olgae Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza 3: 375 (1932), rossice, Grossh. in Trud. Azerb. Otdyel. Zakavk. Fil. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Sect. Bot. 1: 55 (1933), latine
Distribution: Armenia
33 ARM
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia armeniaca Bordz.; Sympos. Mem. Fomin (Acad. Sci. Ukraine) 63 (1938)
species :
Scrophularia olympica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. 1(4): 69 (1844)
Distribution: Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
14 KRY 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia lazica Boiss. & Balansa ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 409 (1879)
= Scrophularia oliveriana K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 709 (1849)
= Scrophularia olympica var. integrifolia Freyn & Sint.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 51 (1896)
= Scrophularia olympica var. lazica (Boiss. & Balansa) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 409 (1879)
= Scrophularia olympica var. macrophylla Freyn & Sint.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 51 (1896)
= Scrophularia pyrrolopha Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 409 (1879)
= Scrophularia pyrrolopha var. pinnatifida Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 572 (1873), species name not validly publ.
species :
Scrophularia omeri Khatoon & Qaiser; Willdenowia, 17(1-2): 131 (1988)
Distribution: Pakistan
40 PAK
species :
Scrophularia orientalis L.; Sp. Pl. 620 (1753)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 ARM GEO 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia ebulifolia M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur. Caucasus 2: 77 (1808)
species :
Scrophularia oxyrhyncha Coincy; J. Bot. (Morot) 12(1): 4 (1898)
Distribution: C-Spain (Sa. Morena, Montes de Toledo)
12 SPA
species :
Scrophularia oxysepala Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 398 (1879)
Distribution: Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia pallescens Lowe ex Menezes; Ann. Sci. Nat. Porto 8: 96 (1901)
Distribution: Madeira
21 MDR
species :
Scrophularia pamirica (O.Fedtsch.) Ivanina; Rast. Tsentral. Azii 5: 124 (1970)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia incisa Weinm. var. pamirica O.Fedtsch.
species :
Scrophularia pamiroalaica Gorschk.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 15: 369 (1953)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KGZ TZK UZB
species :
Scrophularia paphlagonica R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36: 12 (1978)
Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia papyracea Attar; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 141 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia parviflora Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 16: 173 (1913)
Name: Pineland figwort
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico)
76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia davidsonii Pennell; Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 43: 8 (1940), nom. nov. for S. glabrata Davidson
= Scrophularia glabrata Davidson; Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 26 (1902)
species :
Scrophularia pauciflora Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 17 (1835)
Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, West Bengal, Chumbi)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia sikkimensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 263 (1962)
species :
Scrophularia pegaea Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 27: 403, t. 18 (1913)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq)
34 IRQ TUR
species :
Scrophularia peregrina L.; Sp. Pl. 621 (1753)
Name: Nesselblättrige Braunwurz (DE); Nettle-leaved Figwort (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; +Monaco; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; European Russia; Tunisia; Libya; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria); USA [I] (California [I])
11 ger 12 BAL COR FRA GIB MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL PTL SIC SRB 14 RUS 20 LBY TUN 33 GEO 34 CYP EAI LEB SYR TUR 76 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia geminiflora Lam.; Fl. Franç. 2: 336 (1779)
= Scrophularia lesbiaca Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 152 (1897)
= Scrophularia meridionalis C.Presl; Fl. Sicul.: xxxv (1826), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia minor Savi; Fl. Pis. 2: 81 (1798)
= Scrophularia paniculata Seenus; Beschr. Reise Istr. Dalmat.: 67 (1805)
= Scrophularia peregrina f. macrophylla Marcet; Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Secc. Biol. 49: 224 (1951)
= Scrophularia sexangularis Moench; Methodus 445 (1794)
species :
Scrophularia petraea Aitch. & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 180 (1882)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Paktia / Khost); Pakistan (Kurram)
34 AFG 40 PAK
species :
Scrophularia peyronii Post; Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 28 (1893)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, Jbel Druze); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert)
34 CYP ISR LEB SYR TUR
species :
Scrophularia pinardii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 4: 70 (1844)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Israel (N-Israel)
34 EAI ISR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia lyrata Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 81 (1952), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia rupestris var. pinnatisecta Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 84 (1952)
= Scrophularia variegata subsp. pinardii (Boiss.) Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 136 (1970)
species :
Scrophularia pluriflora Urb. & Ekman; Arkiv Bot., Stockh. 23: A. No. 11, 37 (1931)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 HIS
species :
Scrophularia polyantha Royle ex Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 18 (1835)
Distribution: Pakistan (Swat, Hazara, Murree); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Poonch)
40 IND PAK
species :
Scrophularia potaninii Ivanina; Rast. Tsentral. Azii 5: 124 (1970)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Scrophularia prasiifolia Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. 4: 416 (1879)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran, SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia glauca Decne. ex Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 310 (1846), non Sm. 1827
species :
Scrophularia pruinosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 38 (1853)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Turkey (SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
32 TKM 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia davisii Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 132 (1970)
= Scrophularia pruinosa subsp. iraqensis Eig; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 3: 90 (1944)
species :
Scrophularia przewalskii Batalin; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13(2): 382-383 (1894)
Distribution: China (Qinghai); ?N-India (?Sikkim)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia puberula Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 418 (1879)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 ARM AZE 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia nachitschevanica Grossh.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 13: 20 (1950)
species :
Scrophularia pulverulenta Boiss. & de Noé; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3: 155 (1856)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia pumilio Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 134, t. 2b (1970)
Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia pyrenaica Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 306 (1846)
Distribution: NE-Spain (Pyrenees); SW-France
12 FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia vernalis Lapeyr.; Hist. Abr. Pl. Pyr. 356 (1813) non M. Bieb. 1808
species :
Scrophularia racemosa Lowe; Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. 4: 20 (1831)
Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.)
21 MDR
species :
Scrophularia rechingeri Grau; Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 147: 266, t. 198 & 232, f. 2 (1981)
Distribution: Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia regelii Ivanina; Rast. Tsentral. Azii 5: 125 (1970)
Distribution: China (Xinjiang)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia reuteri Daveau; Bolet. Soc. Brot. 10: 169 (1892)
Distribution: WC-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia grandiflora subsp. reuteri (Daveau) I.Richardson; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 65: 266 (1972)
species :
Scrophularia robusta Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 46 (1943)
Distribution: Iran; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Faryab, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Wardak, Parwan); Pakistan (Chitral, Dir, Swat, Drosh, etc.)
34 AFG IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia umbrosa subsp. robusta (Pennell) Qaiser & Khatoon; Willdenowia, 17(1-2): 137 (1988)
species :
Scrophularia rodinii Hamidullah; Pakistan J. Bot. 19(1): 107 (1987)
Distribution: Pakistan
40 PAK
species :
Scrophularia rostrata Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscou 12: 163 (1860)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus; Iran (N-Iran)
33 NCS 34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia rosulata Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 475 (1910)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Herat)
32 TKM TZK 34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia dissecta Gorschk.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 14: 445 (1951)
species :
Scrophularia rubricaulis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 34 (1853)
Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Jordania (W-Jordania)
34 ISR JOR LEB SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia michoniana Coss. & Kralik; Cat. Pl. Syr. Palest. 13 (1854)
species :
Scrophularia rudolfii F.O.Khass., Serekeeva & Kadyrov; Uzbeksk. Biol. Zhurn. 2010(2): 76 (2010)
Distribution: Uzbekistan
32 UZB
species :
Scrophularia rupestris M.Bieb. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 3: 274 (1800)
Distribution: SE-European Russia; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
14 KRY RUS 33 ARM NCS 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia donetzica Kotov; J. Bot. Acad. Sci. Ukraine 1: No. 2, 298 (1940)
= Scrophularia goldeana Juz.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 14: 32 (1951)
= Scrophularia lasiocaulis Schur; Enum. Pl. Transs. 486 (1866)
= Scrophularia nitida Richt. ex Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 24 (1885)
= Scrophularia orientalis Hablitz; Descr. Phys. Taur.: 164 (1788), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia sareptana Kleop. ex Ivanina; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 253 (1972)
= Scrophularia saxatilis Boeber ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 221 (1847), nom. inval.
= Scrophularia variegata subsp. rupestris (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 250 (1981)
= Scrophularia variegata var. rupestris (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 417 (1875)
species :
Scrophularia ruprechtii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 410 (1879)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan
33 AZE GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia olympica var. ruprechtii (Boiss.) Kusn.; Uchen. Zap. Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 6(1): 26 (1898)
species :
Scrophularia sambucifolia L.; Sp. Pl. 620 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. sambucifolia
Distribution: C- & S-Portugal; SW- & S-Spain; Gibraltar; Morocco
12 GIB POR SPA 20 MOR
Remarks: sambucifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia decora Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.; Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 8: 70 (1841)
= Scrophularia mellifera var. vidalii Pau; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 25: 342 (1925)
= Scrophularia nectarifera Desf.; Méd. Eclairée Sci. Phys. 3(6): 162 (1792)
= Scrophularia sambucifolia subvar. rubriflora Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 310 (1931)
= Scrophularia sambucifolia var. glabra Rouy; Naturaliste 4: 147 (1882)
= Scrophularia sambucifolia var. vidalii Pau; Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 25: 340 (1925)
= Scrophularia trisecta Pau; Mem. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 369 (1924)
subspecies :
subsp. mellifera (Aiton) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 310 (1931)
Distribution: SW-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia mellifera L´Hér. ex Aiton; Hort. Kew. 2: 343 (1789)
= Scrophularia sambucifolia subvar. viridiflora (Poir.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 310 (1931)
= Scrophularia sambucifolia var. mellifera (L´Hér. ex Sol.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 8: 71 (1842)
= Scrophularia viridiflora Poir.; Voy. Barb. 2: 194 (1789)
species :
Scrophularia sangtodensis B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkest. 5: 86 (1913)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TKM TZK UZB
species :
Scrophularia sanguinea Grau; Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 147: 275, t. 210 & 235, f. 1 (1981)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, W-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ
species :
Scrophularia sardashtensis Ranjbar & Rahch.; Candollea 77(1): 66 (2022)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia scabiosifolia Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 311 (1846)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Faryab, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Nangarhar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Samangan); Pakistan (Chitral, Baluchistan, Peshawar, Dir, Swat, Hazara, Pakistani Punjab, Astor, Baltistan); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab)
32 TZK 34 AFG 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia exserta Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 45 (1943)
species :
Scrophularia scariosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1. 4: 67 (1844)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Syria (NW-Syria)
34 SYR TUR
species :
Scrophularia schiraziana Attar & Hatami; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 199 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia scoparia Pennell; Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. Monogr. 5: 48 (1943)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts.); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Ghazni, Ghorat, Herat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Logar, Wardak, Nangarhar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Samangan, Takhar); Pakistan (Chitral)
32 KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia turcomanica Bornm. & Sint. ex Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Nat. 87: 93.(1950)
species :
Scrophularia scopolii Hoppe; Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 160 (1806)
subspecies :
subsp. scopolii
Name: Drüsige Braunwurz (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Ukraine; Crimea; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); ?NW-India (?Jammu & Kashmir)
11 AUT CZE ger HUN POL SLO 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY UKR 33 ARM GEO 34 EAI IRN SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia auriculata Scop.; Fl. Carniol. ed. II. 1: 446 (1771) non L. 1753
= Scrophularia balcanica Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1889(2): 55 (1890)
= Scrophularia castagneana Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 149 (1828)
= Scrophularia decumbens Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 10: 58 (1845)
= Scrophularia fontana Kotschy ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 396 (1879)
= Scrophularia glabrata Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 784 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia glandulifera E.D.Clarke; Travels Eur. Asia & Africa, ed. 2, 1(App.): xxi (1823)
= Scrophularia glandulosa Waldst. & Kit.; Pl. Rar. Hung. 2: 238. t. 214 (1803 publ. 1804)
= Scrophularia grandidentata Ten.; Fl. Nap. Suppl. 2: 69 (1815)
= Scrophularia grandifolia K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 707 (1849)
= Scrophularia guestii Eig; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 3: 80 (1944)
= Scrophularia hirsuta Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl.: 68 (1819)
= Scrophularia melissifolia d´Urv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Par. 1: 331 (1822)
= Scrophularia merxmuelleri Grau & W.Lippert; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München, 16(Beih.): 19 (1980)
= Scrophularia nepetifolia C.Presl; J. & C. Presl, Delic. Prag.: 73 (1822), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia nepetifolia Sm.; Rees, Cycl. 32: no. 7 (1815)
= Scrophularia nodosa var. glandulosa (Waldst. & Kit.) Uechtr.; 258 (1820)
= Scrophularia oligantha Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Ser. I. 12: 33 (1853)
= Scrophularia pantocsekii Griseb. ex Pant.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 23: 267 (1873)
= Scrophularia puberula Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 396 (1879), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia rugosa Willd.; Enum. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 42 (1814)
= Scrophularia scopolii var. grandidentata (Ten.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 397 (1879)
= Scrophularia scopolii var. grandidentata (Ten.) Fen.; Atti Ist. Bot. Univ. Pavia 8: 122 (1972). without basionym ref.
= Scrophularia scopolii var. oligantha (Boiss. & Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 397 (1879)
= Scrophularia scopolii var. subalpina Grecescu; 433 (1898)
= Scrophularia scopolii var. tmolea (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 397 (1879)
= Scrophularia scorodonia Host; Fl. Austriac. 2: 214 (1831) non L. 1753
= Scrophularia taurica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transs. 485 (1866)
= Scrophularia tmolea Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 66 (1844)
variant :
var. adenocalyx Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 16: 361 (1900)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus; Turkey; Iran
33 NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia scopolii subsp. adenocalyx (Sommier & Levier) Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 232 (1981)
= Scrophularia scopolii var. grandicrenata Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 16: 362 (1900)
variant :
var. burdurensis (Pesmen) R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 14 (1978)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia burdurensis Pesmen; Türk. Biyol. Derg. 20: 122 (1970)
variant :
var. longirostrata Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 85 (1952)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
variant :
var. nusairiensis (Post) Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 136 (1970)
Distribution: Turkey; Syria
34 SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia antiochia Post; Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 27 (1893)
= Scrophularia nusairiensis Post; Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 27 (1893)
variant :
var. parryi R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 14 (1978)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
variant :
var. smyrnaea (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 396 (1879)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia smyrnaea Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 66 (1844)
species :
Scrophularia scorodonia L.; Sp. Pl. 620 (1753)
Name: Knoblauch-Braunwurz (DE); Fistulera atlantica (ES)
Distribution: England; Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl.; Morocco; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
10 GRB 11 ger 12 CIS FRA POR SPA 20 MOR 21 AZO CNY MDR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia betonicifolia L.; Mant. Pl.: 87 (1767)
= Scrophularia biserrata Willd.; Enum. Pl.: 644 (1809)
= Scrophularia cantabrica Sennen & Elías; Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 29: 78 (1930)
= Scrophularia cordata Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 4 (1768)
= Scrophularia crenata Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 162 (1840)
= Scrophularia iberica Sennen & Elías; Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 29: 78 (1930)
= Scrophularia melissifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 100 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Scrophularia papillaris Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan.: 90 (1852)
= Scrophularia rugosa Wydler; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 4: 151 (1828), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia scorodonia f. glabrescens Cout.; Fl. Portugal: 556 (1913)
= Scrophularia scorodonia f. verticillata Merino; Contr. Fl. Galicia, Supl. 1: 26 (1898)
= Scrophularia scorodonia subsp. multiflora (Lange) Franco; Nova Fl. Portugal 2: 218, 567 (1984)
= Scrophularia scorodonia subsp. tinantii (Dumort.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 533 (1881)
= Scrophularia scorodonia subvar. viridiflora Druce; Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 5: 39 (1917)
= Scrophularia scorodonia var. acutifolia Rouy; Naturaliste 4: 148 (1882)
= Scrophularia scorodonia var. brevifolia Merino; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 30: 186 (1901)
= Scrophularia scorodonia var. glabrescens (Cout.) Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Ruizia 11: 82 (1993)
= Scrophularia scorodonia var. longepetiolata K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 709 (1849)
= Scrophularia scorodonia var. multiflora Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 550 (1870)
= Scrophularia scorodonia var. papillaris (Boiss. & Reut.) Ball; Spicil. Fl. Marocc. [Ball]: 597 (1878)
= Scrophularia scorodonia var. parvifolia Merino; Fl. Galicia 2: 85 (1906)
= Scrophularia scorodonia var. verticillata (Merino) Merino; Fl. Galicia 2: 85 (1906)
= Scrophularia scorodonifolia Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 320 (1821)
= Scrophularia tinantii Dumort.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 14: 110 (1875)
species :
Scrophularia serratifolia Hub.-Mor. & Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 135 (1970)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia shulabadensis Attar & Hamzehee; Feddes Repert. 117(7-8): 508 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia singularis Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Nat., cv. 181 (1969)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Samangan)
34 AFG
species :
Scrophularia smithii Hornem.; Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 68 (1819)
subspecies :
subsp. smithii
Name: Smiths Braunwurz (DE); Fistulera tinerfena (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia anagae Bolle; Verh. K.-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 11: 199 (1861)
subspecies :
subsp. hierrensis Dalgaard; Op. Bot. 51: 28 (1979)
Name: El-Hierro-Braunwurz (DE); Fistulera herrena (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Hierro)
21 CNY
subspecies :
subsp. langeana (Bolle) Dalgaard; Op. Bot. 51: 26 (1979)
Name: Langes Braunwurz (DE); Fistulera de monte (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma, Gran Canaria)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia langeana Bolle; Verh. K.-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 11: 196 (1861)
= Scrophularia teucrium Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9(2): 128 (1887)
species :
Scrophularia sosnowskyi Kem.-Nath.; Not. Syst. Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis., Fasc. 18, 48 (1955)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)
33 GEO 34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia souliei Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 15 (1900)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, E-Qinghai, W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia spicata Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 14 (1900)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia spinulescens Degen & Hausskn.; Mitt. Thür. Bot. Ver. nov. ser. 10: 60 (1897)
Distribution: Greece (Samothraki)
13 GRC
Remarks: canina agg.
species :
Scrophularia sprengeriana Sommier & Levier; Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. Ser. II. 4: 202 (1897)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
species :
Scrophularia stenothyrsa Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 51 (1943)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan, Balkh, Bamyan, Ghazni, Herat, Kabul, Laghman, Wardak, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Pakistan (Kurram, etc., Hazara, Murree)
34 AFG 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia decomposita subsp. latifolia Pennell; Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 5: 56 (1943), nom. inval.
= Scrophularia farakulumensis Rech.f. & Köie; K. Danske Vid. Selsk, Biol. Skrift. 10: No. 3 (Symb. Afghan. iv.) 105 (1959) (tentative synonym)
= Scrophularia griffithii subsp. latifolia (Benth.) Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 247 (1981)
species :
Scrophularia stewartii Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 49 (1943)
Distribution: Pakistan (Jhelum, Shahpur, Attock, Swat); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia scabiosifolia subsp. stewartii (Pennell) Qaiser & Khatoon; Willdenowia, 17(1-2): 140 (1988)
species :
Scrophularia striata Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 413 (1879)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badghys, Balkh, Farah, Faryab, Helmand, Herat, Kandahar, Laghman, Nangarhar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Samangan, Takhar); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Waziristan, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab, Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Hazara, Swat)
32 TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN IRQ TUR 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia juncea Richt. ex Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 24 (1885)
species :
Scrophularia strizhoviae Abdusal.; Fl. Tadzhikskoi SSR 8: 485, 356 (1986)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Scrophularia stylosa P.C.Tsoong; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 394 (1979), et Legumes China 637 (2007)
Distribution: China (Shaanxi)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia subaequiloba Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 135, f. 1b (1970)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia subaphylla Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 7: 41 (1846)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia haussknechtiana Bornm. ex Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 476 (1910)
= Scrophularia haussknechtii Bornm. ex Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 476 (1910)
= Scrophularia parthenoides Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22(2): 108 (1907)
= Scrophularia persica Benth.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 314 (1846)
= Scrophularia subaphylla subsp. parthenoides Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22: 108 (1907)
species :
Scrophularia sublyrata Brot.; Phyt. Lusit. ed. 3, 2: 156 (1827)
Distribution: Portugal; W-Spain
12 POR SPA
Remarks: sambucifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia ebulifolia Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Port. 1: 270 (1813) non M. Bieb.
= Scrophularia ebulifolia subsp. schmitzii (Rouy) Cout.; Fl. Portugal: 556 (1913)
= Scrophularia ebulifolia subsp. schousboei (Lange) Cout.; Fl. Portugal 556 (1913)
= Scrophularia ebulifolia var. schmitzii (Rouy) Cout.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 22: 166, 172 (1906)
= Scrophularia ebulifolia var. schousboei (Lange) Cout.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 22: 166, 172 (1906)
= Scrophularia laevigata subsp. schmitzii (Rouy) Cout.; Fl. Portugal ed. 2: 659 (1939)
= Scrophularia lyrata var. parviflora (Lange) Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 368 (1924)
= Scrophularia marceloi Ladero; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 27: 95 (1970)
= Scrophularia sambucifolia var. parviflora Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1863: 34 (1864)
= Scrophularia schmitzii Rouy; Naturaliste 4(2): 147 (1882)
= Scrophularia schousboei Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. fl. Hisp. 2: 553 (1870)
= Scrophularia schousboei subsp. montana Franco; Nova Fl. Portugal 2: 220, 567 (1984)
species :
Scrophularia subsessilis R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 57(3): 426 (2000)
Distribution: Bhutan
40 BHU
species :
Scrophularia suffruticosa Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 50 (1943)
Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
species :
Scrophularia sulaimanica S.A.Ahmad; Kew Bull. 69(2)-9509: 1 (2014)
Distribution: Iraq
34 IRQ
species :
Scrophularia tadshikorum Gontsch.; Trudy Tadzh. Bazy Akad. Nauk. URSS 2: 182 (1936)
Distribution: Tajikistan (Pamir-Alai); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Takhar)
32 TZK 34 AFG
species :
Scrophularia tagetifolia Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. 4: 401 (1879)
Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria)
34 LEB SYR
species :
Scrophularia taihangshanensis C.S.Zhu & H.W.Yang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(1): 76-78, f. 1 (1997)
Distribution: China (Henan)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia takhtajanii Gabr.; Sist. Zvol. Vyssh. Rast. 82 (1980)
Distribution: Armenia
33 ARM
species :
Scrophularia talassica Tzag.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Kasackst. 2: 33 (1964)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan
32 KAZ UZB
species :
Scrophularia tanacetifolia Willd.; Hort. Berol. tab. 56 (1805)
Distribution: E- & SE-Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: sambucifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia grenieri Reut. ex Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 554 (1870)
= Scrophularia hispanica Coss.; Notes Crit. 124 (1951)
= Scrophularia murcica Guirão ex Willk.; Linnaea 30: 136 (1859)
= Scrophularia pennellii Sennen; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32: 102 (1932)
= Scrophularia sciophila var. intermedia Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 31: 55 (1884), nom. nud.
= Scrophularia sciophila var. tenuifolia Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 31: 54 (1884)
= Scrophularia sciophila Willk.; Bot. Zeit. 8: 77 (1850)
= Scrophularia suffruticans Pall. ex Spreng.; Index Seminum (HAL, Halensis) 1807: 56 (1807), nom. superfl.
species :
Scrophularia tenuipes Coss. & Durieu; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 9: 175 (1862)
Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia
20 ALG TUN
species :
Scrophularia thesioides Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 12: 164 (1860)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
33 ARM AZE 34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia tortuosissima Attar & Joharchi; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 199 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia trichopoda Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3: 156 (1856)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia trifoliata L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1114 (1759)
Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia; Italy
12 COR SAR 13 ITA
Remarks: sambucifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia appendiculata Jacq.; Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 19 (1798)
= Scrophularia trifoliata var. integrifolia Gamisans; D. Jeanmonod & J. Gamisans, Scrophulariac. (Complém. Prodr. Fl. Corse): 145 (1992)
species :
Scrophularia tuerckheimii Urb.; Arkiv Bot., Stockh. 23: A. No. 11, 38 (1931)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Tuerckheimocharis domingensis Urb.; Symb. Antill. 7: 374 (1912)
species :
Scrophularia tugbae-birhanii Aykurt, Deniz & Gülben; Turk. J. Bot. 47(5): 390 (2023)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort.; Fl. Belg. 37 (1827)
Name: Flügel-Braunwurz (DE), Water figwort (EN)
Distribution: England; Ireland; Denmark; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, Jazira, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); China (N-Xinjiang); Mongolia; Australia [I] (Tasmania [I]); USA [I] (New Jersey [I], Pennsylvania [I])
10 DEN GRB IRE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN LEB SYR TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 50 aus 75 usa
Remarks: some distribution data might belong to S. neesii which has recently been separated. The taxon is frequently included in S. oblongifolia (Corsica, Sardinia) as subspecies or synonym.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia affinis Opiz; Lotos 4: 71 (1854)
= Scrophularia alata Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 127 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Scrophularia alata proles cinerea (Dumort.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 11: 92 (1909)
= Scrophularia alata subsp. ehrhartii (C.A.Stevens) Celak.; 319 (1871)
= Scrophularia alata subsp. umbrosa (Dumort.) Domin; Preslia 13-15: 181 (1936)
= Scrophularia alata subsp. umbrosa (Dumort.) O.Schwarz; 114 (1949)
= Scrophularia alata var. cinerea (Dumort.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 768 (1937)
= Scrophularia alata var. patens Bolle; 25 (1865)
= Scrophularia anthemifolia Parrot; M. von Engelhardt & J. J. F. Parrot, Reise Krym. Kauk. 2: 125 (1815)
= Scrophularia aquatica L.; Sp. Pl.: 620 (1753), nom. rej.
= Scrophularia aquatica subsp. alata Gilib. ex Bonnier; Bonnier & R. C. V. Douin, 41 (1926)
= Scrophularia aquatica subsp. cinerea (Dumort.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 533 (1881)
= Scrophularia aquatica subsp. ehrhartii (Steven) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 231 (1894)
= Scrophularia aquatica var. appendiculata Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris: 242 (1812)
= Scrophularia aquatica var. chlorantha Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 10: 58 (1845)
= Scrophularia aquatica var. serrata Jess.; 105 (1879)
= Scrophularia aquatica var. umbrosa (Dumort.) St.-Lag.; Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8 2: 616 (1889)
= Scrophularia balbisii subsp. cinerea (Dumort.) Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 421 (1894)
= Scrophularia balbisii W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 515 (1837), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia cinerea Dumort.; Not. Scroph.: 11 (1834)
= Scrophularia cymigera K.Koch; Linnaea 19: 22 (1846)
= Scrophularia ehrhartii Steven; Ann. Nat. Hist. 5: 3 (1840)
= Scrophularia ehrhartii var. samaritanii Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 153 (1856)
= Scrophularia epicalycina Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 78 (1952)
= Scrophularia nodosa subsp. alata Gilib. ex Hook.f.; 264 (1870)
= Scrophularia oblongifolia subsp. umbrosa (Dumort.) Gamisans; D. Jeanmonod & J. Gamisans, Scrophulariac. (Complém. Prodr. Fl. Corse): 136 (1992)
= Scrophularia pisidica Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 33 (1853)
= Scrophularia samaritanii (Boiss. & Heldr.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 402 (1902)
= Scrophularia umbrosoides Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 86 (1952)
species :
Scrophularia uniflora Richt. ex Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 50: 18 (1885)
Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia candelabrum Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 74 (1952)
species :
Scrophularia urticifolia Wall. ex Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 18 (1835)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Sikkim); Myanmar
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia forrestii Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(25): 283 (1912)
species :
Scrophularia valdesii Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Candollea 46(1): 115 (1991)
Distribution: Portugal (Duero); W-Spain
12 POR SPA
species :
Scrophularia valida Grau; Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 147: 275, t. 209 & 235, f. 2 & 253 (1981)
Distribution: Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia variegata M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucasus 2: 78 (1808)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); India (Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand)
33 GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia ani K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 285 (1844)
= Scrophularia bicolor Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 221 (1847), nom. inval.
= Scrophularia chamaedrifolia Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 418 (1879)
= Scrophularia decaisniana C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 3:91 (1845)
= Scrophularia latifolia Host; Fl. Austriac. 2: 206 (1831)
= Scrophularia ramosissima K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 285 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia urvillaei Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 624 (1859)
= Scrophularia urvilleana Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 2: 252 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia varia M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp.: 58 (1798)
species :
Scrophularia vernalis L.; Sp. Pl. 620 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. vernalis
Name: Frühlings-Braunwurz (DE)
Distribution: England [I]; Denmark [I]; Sweden [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; ?Switzerland [I]; Austria; ?Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Sicily; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Estonia [I]; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine
10 den grb swe 11 AUT bgm CZE ger HUN net SLO 12 FRA 13 BIH CRO ITA KOS ROM SIC SLV sma SRB 14 est RUS UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceramanthe vernalis (L.) Dumort.; Not. Scroph. 7 (1834)
= Scrophularia anomala Vest; Flora 12(1 Erg.): 62 (1829)
= Scrophularia cordata Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 75 (1802), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia lutea Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 320 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Scrophularia rotundifolia Host ex Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 486 (1866)
= Scrophularia verna Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIIl. n. 13 (1768)
= Scrophularia vernalis var. coarctata Wender.; 204 (1846)
= Scrophularia vernalis var. cordata (Mill.) Rchb.; (1831)
= Scrophularia vernalis var. cordata Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl.: 68 (1819)
= Scrophularia vernalis var. jurensis A.F.Schwarz; Caflisch, 221 (1878)
= Scrophularia vernalis var. ovata Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl.: 68 (1819)
= Scrophularia vernalis var. rotundifolia (Host) Rchb.; (1831)
= Venilia vernalis (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, N. S. 17: 125 (1869)
subspecies :
subsp. clausii (Boiss. & Buhse) Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 229 (1981)
Distribution: Azerbaijan; Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 AZE 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia clausii Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 163 (1860)
= Scrophularia hyrcana (Grossh.) Grossh.; (1949)
= Scrophularia vernalis var. hyrcana Grossh.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 2: 21 (1920)
species :
Scrophularia versicolor Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3: 155 (1856)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey (E-Anatolia)
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia cinerascens Boiss.; Tchich. Asie Min. Bot. 2: 16 (1860)
= Scrophularia grossheimii Schischk.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 44: Il. 238 (1927)
= Scrophularia laciniata var. adenophora K.Koch; Linnaea 23: 710 (1850)
= Scrophularia laciniata var. ciclenophora K.Koch; Linnaea 23: 710 (1851)
= Scrophularia micradenia Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 1: 277 (1901)
= Scrophularia pruinosa Grossh.; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n.s. 1: 25 (1920), nom. illeg.
= Scrophularia rupestris var. wilhelmsii K.Koch; Linnaea 23: 711 (1850)
= Scrophularia variegata subsp. cinerascens (Boiss.) Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 250 (1981)
= Scrophularia variegata var. cinerascens (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 417 (1875)
species :
Scrophularia viciosoi Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Candollea 46(1): 112 (1991)
Distribution: S-Spain (Torcal de Antequera, Sa. de Alhama)
12 SPA
species :
Scrophularia villosa Pennell; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 5: 223 (1923)
Name: Santa Catalina figwort
Distribution: USA (California Channel Isl.: Santa Catalina Isl., San Clemente Isl.); Isla Guadalupe
76 USA 79 GLP
species :
Scrophularia vvedenskyi Bondarenko & Filat.; Fl. Uzbekist. 5: 462, 639 (1961)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB
species :
Scrophularia wattii (Hook.f.) P.Li; J. Syst. Evol. 55(5): 451 (2017)
Distribution: China (S-Qinghai); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Oreosolen schaeferi Melch.; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 63: 118 (1950)
= Oreosolen unguiculatus Hemsl.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2467 (1896)
= Oreosolen wattii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 4: 319 (1884)
= Oreosolen williamsii T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 46: 245 (1971)
species :
Scrophularia xanthoglossa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 38 (1853)
Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt, SE-Egypt); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Nejd Desert)
20 EGY 32 KAZ KGZ TKM UZB 33 ARM 34 IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Scrophularia aintabensis Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 413 (1879)
= Scrophularia decipiens Boiss. & Kotschy; Diagn. Ser. II. 3: 156 (1856)
= Scrophularia expansa Reut. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 413 (1879)
= Scrophularia gileadense Post; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 438 (1888)
= Scrophularia hispidula Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 6: 157 (1859)
= Scrophularia orientalis Ehrenb. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 413 (1879)
= Scrophularia pinardii var. acutilobata Parsa; Kew Bull. 3: 217 (1948)
= Scrophularia xanthoglossa var. decipiens (Boiss. & Kotschy) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4(2): 413 (1879)
= Scrophularia xanthoglossa var. deserticola Eig; Palest. J. Bot. Jerusalem sen 3: 87 (1944)
= Scrophularia xanthoglossa var. hispidula (Boiss. & Balansa) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 413 (1879)
species :
Scrophularia xylobasis Rech.f.; Anz. Math.-Nat. Kl. Oesterr. Akad. Wiss. 92: 279 (1955)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Scrophularia xylorrhiza Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. 4: 406 (1879)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Negev Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania)
34 ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
species :
Scrophularia yoshimurae T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 23: 86 (1949)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Scrophularia yunnanensis Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 12-13 (1900)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, SW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Scrophularia zuvandica Grossh.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 13: 23 (1950)
Distribution: Azerbaijan; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 AZE 34 IRN TUR
species :
Scrophularia zvartiana Gabrielian; Bial. Zhurn. Armen. 20: 34 (1967)
Distribution: Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 ARM 34 IRN TUR
species :
Scrophularia ×costei Biau; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 59: 711 (1912 publ. 1913)
Distribution: France; etc.
12 FRA
Remarks: Scrophularia nodosa x umbrosa
species :
Scrophularia ×moniziana Menezes; Ann. Sci. Nat. Porto 8: 97 (1901), Fedde, Repert. Nov. Sp. 4: 43
Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.)
21 MDR
Remarks: Scrophularia racemosa x Scrophularia scorodonia
species :
Scrophularia ×ritae Mateo; Flora Montiber. 34: 7 (2006)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Scrophularia auriculata x tanacetifolia
species :
Scrophularia ×towndrowii Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 8: 312 (1927 publ. 1928)
Distribution: Europe
Remarks: Scrophularia umbrosa x scorodonia
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 19.2 (March 25th, 2024)

Covering 354,631 accepted species,
8,631 hybrids, 47,815 accepted infraspecific taxa and 995,902 synonyms,
in total 1,406,979* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

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With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

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