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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

453.0000 Family Gentianaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 141 (1789), nom. cons.
95 genera, ca. 1850 spp.
Species listed in database: 1852; hybrids: 23
= Chironiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 1(104-114): 1, 36 (1823)
= Coutoubeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 168 (1820)
= Obolariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 427 (1820)
= Potaliaceae Mart.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 89, 91, 133 (1827)
= Saccifoliaceae Maguire & Pires; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 29: 242 (1978)
453.0516 Genus Tripterospermum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 849 (1826)
Distribution: Himalayas, Myanmar, SW- and S-China (15), Taiwan (3), Japan, Thailand (1), Malay Peninsula, Philippines, 1 to Sakhalin and Korea
Species listed in database: 34
= Calixnos Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 82 (1838)
species :
Tripterospermum alutaceifolium (T.S.Liu & Chin C.Kuo) J.Murata; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Bot. 14(4): 301 (1989)
Distribution: N-Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Tripterospermum taiwanense f. alutaceifolium T.S.Liu & Chin C.Kuo; Bull. Exp. Forest Nation. Taiwan Univ., 114: 199(1974)
= Tripterospermum taiwanense var. alutaceifolium (T.S.Liu & Chin C.Kuo) T.S.Liu & Chin C.Kuo; Fl. Taiwan 4: 198 (1978)
species :
Tripterospermum australe J.Murata; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Bot. 14(4): 300 (1989)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou); Laos; ?Vietnam
36 CHI 41 LAO
species :
Tripterospermum brevidentatum Hul; Adansonia ser. 3, 24(1): 31 (2002)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Tripterospermum brevilobum D.Fang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 39(6): 551 (2001)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Tripterospermum chinense (Migo) Harry Sm. ex S.Nilsson; Grana Palyn. 7: 144 (1967)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Crawfurdia chinensis Migo; J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. Sect. III. 4: 154 (1939)
= Tripterospermum carlesii Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26: 246 (1965)
= Tripterospermum chinense var. linearifolium X.F.Jin; Novon 19: 278 (2009)
species :
Tripterospermum coeruleum (Hand.-Mazz.) Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26: 246 (1965), et Grana Palyn. 7: 144 (1967)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Crawfurdia coerulea Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. Pt. 7: 950 (1936)
= Gentiana cyanea C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 156 (1937)
species :
Tripterospermum cordatum (C.Marquand) Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26: 244 (1965)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gentiana cordata C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 77 (1931)
= Crawfurdia cordata (Marquand) Hand.-Mazz.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 56: R. 460 (1937)
species :
Tripterospermum cordifolioides J.Murata; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Bot. 14(4): 299 (1989)
Distribution: China (NE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Tripterospermum cordifolium (Yamam.) Satake; J. Jap. Bot. 26: 108 (1951)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Crawfurdia cordifolia Yamam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 19: 104 (1929)
species :
Tripterospermum discoideum (C.Marquand) Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26: 244 (1965)
Distribution: China (W-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, E-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gentiana discoidea C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1931: 72 (1931)
= Gentiana caudata C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1931: 78 (1931)
= Tripterospermum caudatum (Marquand) Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26: 244 (1965)
species :
Tripterospermum distylum J.Murata & Yahara; Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 36(4-6): 162 (1985)
Distribution: Japan (Yakushima Isl.)
38 JAP NNS
species :
Tripterospermum fasciculatum (Wall.) Chater; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 98 (1982)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin); Vietnam; Java [I]
40 BAN IND NEP 41 MYA VIE 42 jaw
Synonyms: hidden
= Crawfurdia affinis Wall.; Cat. B. 4370 (1830) ex C. B. Clarke, Hook.f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 107 (1883)
= Crawfurdia fasciculata Wall.; Tent. Fl. Nap. t. 47 (1826)
= Gentiana confusa C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1931: 70 (1931)
= Gentiana fascicularis (Wall.) C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1931: 70 (1931)
= Tripterospermum affine (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26: 244 (1965)
species :
Tripterospermum filicaule (Hemsl.) Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26: 238 (1965)
Distribution: China (W-Hubei)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gentiana filicaule Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 127 (1896)
species :
Tripterospermum guanwuense S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 6: 123 (2023)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Tripterospermum hirticalyx C.Y.Wu ex C.J.Wu; Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Inst. 4(3): 129 (1984)
Distribution: China (N-Guizhou, W-Hubei, S-Sichuan, SE-Yunnan); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
species :
Tripterospermum hualienense T.C.Hsu & S.W.Chung; Taiwania 57(2): 183 (2012)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Tripterospermum lanceolatum (Hayata) H.Hara ex Satake; J. Jap. Bot. 26: 108 (1951)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Crawfurdia lanceolata Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 30: Art. 1, 201 (1911)
species :
Tripterospermum lilungshanense Chih H.Chen & J.C.Wang; Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 47(2): 203 (2006)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Tripterospermum luzoniense (Vidal) J.Murata; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Bot. 14(4): 305 (1989)
Distribution: Taiwan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao)
38 TAI 42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Crawfurdia luzonensis Vidal; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. 191 (1886)
= Tripterospermum taiwanense var. alpinum Satake
species :
Tripterospermum maculatum Adr.Favre, Matuszak & Muellner; Syst. Bot. 38(1): 232 (2013)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Tripterospermum membranaceum (C.Marquand) Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26: 244 (1965)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar (Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing)
36 CHI TIB 40 IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gentiana membranacea C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1931: 75 (1931)
species :
Tripterospermum microcarpum Hul; Adansonia ser. 3, 24(1): 33 (2002)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Tripterospermum microphyllum Harry Sm.; Grana Palyn. 7: 144 (1967)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gentiana parvifolia Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 201 (1911), nom. illeg.
species :
Tripterospermum nienkui (C.Marquand) C.J.Wu; Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Inst. 4(3): 132 (1984)
Distribution: China (S-Fujian, Guangdong, N-Guangxi, S-Hunan, S-Zhejiang); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Crawfurdia nienkui (Marquand) Chun; Sunyatsenia 4: 265 (1940)
= Crawfurdia nienkui (Marquand) Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26: 244 (1965), isonym
= Gentiana nienkui Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1931: 76 (1931)
species :
Tripterospermum nigrobaccatum H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 19 (1965). 40: 19 (1965)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, West Bengal)
40 BHU IND NEP
species :
Tripterospermum pallidum Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26: 247 (1965)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Tripterospermum pingbianense C.Y.Wu & C.J.Wu; Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Inst. 4(3): 131 (1984)
Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Tripterospermum robustum Harry Sm. ex Hul; Adansonia ser. 3, 24(1): 33 (2002)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Tripterospermum shaolinchianum S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 6: 115 (2023)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Tripterospermum sumatranum J.Murata; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Bot. 14(4): 298 (1989)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
species :
Tripterospermum taiwanense (Masam.) Satake; J. Jap. Bot. 26: 108 (1951)
Distribution: C-Taiwan; S-Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Crawfurdia japonica var. taiwanensis Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 28: 144 (1938)
species :
Tripterospermum tanatorajanense Adr.Favre, Matuszak & Muellner; Syst. Bot. 38(1): 232 (2013)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
species :
Tripterospermum trinervium (Thunb.) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 71: 112 (1996)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima Isl.)
31 RFE 38 JAP KOR NNS
Synonyms: hidden
= Crawfurdia fasciculata Griff.; Notul. 4: 92 (1854) non Wall. 1826
= Crawfurdia japonica Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Akad. Muench. 4: III. 160 (1846)
= Crawfurdia japonica var. tenuis Masam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 4: 76 (1932)
= Crawfurdia trinervia (Thunb.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 171 (1902)
= Crawfurdia tripterospermum Makino; Bot. Mag. Tokyo 16: 172 (1902)
= Crawfurdia yakumontana Masam.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 83: 695 (1936 publ. 1937)
= Gentiana golowninia C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1931: 70 (1931)
= Gentiana golowninia var. oblonga C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1931: 79 (1931)
= Gentiana trinervia (Thunb.) C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 157 (1937)
= Golowninia japonica (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 3 4: 252 (1862)
= Tripterospermum involubile N.Yonez.; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 36: 9 (1988)
= Tripterospermum japonicum (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 20: 435 (1875)
= Tripterospermum japonicum f. albiflorum Honda; J. Jap. Bot. 30: 170 (1955)
= Tripterospermum japonicum f. album T.Shimizu; Fl. Nagano Pref : 1509 (1997)
= Tripterospermum japonicum f. leucanthum Honda; J. Jap. Bot. 30: 170 (1955)
= Tripterospermum japonicum f. leucocarpum Honda; J. Jap. Bot. 30: 170 (1955)
= Tripterospermum japonicum var. albiflorum (Honda) Y.N.Lee; Korean J. Bot. 24(1): 29 (1981)
= Tripterospermum japonicum var. involubile (N.Yonez.) J.Murata; Fl. Japan 3a: 157 (1993)
= Tripterospermum japonicum var. tenue (Masam.) Honda; Nom. Pl. Japonic. 282 (1939)
= Tripterospermum trinervium f. albiflorum (Honda) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 80(6): 328 (2005)
= Tripterospermum trinervium f. album (T.Shimizu) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 80(6): 328 (2005)
= Tripterospermum trinervium f. leucocarpum (Honda) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 80(6): 328 (2005)
= Tripterospermum trinervium var. involubile (N.Yonez.) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 71: 112 (1996)
species :
Tripterospermum volubile (D.Don) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 21 (1965) 40: 21 (1965)
subspecies :
subsp. volubile
Distribution: Tibet; Bhutan; India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing); Thailand; Vietnam; Java
36 TIB 40 BHU IND 41 MYA THA VIE 42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Crawfurdia japonica var. luteoviridis (C.B.Clarke) C.B.Clarke; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 108 (1883)
= Crawfurdia luteoviridis C.B.Clarke; J. Linn Soc. 14: 443 (1875)
= Gentiana luteoviridis (C.B.Clarke) C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1931: 70 (1931)
= Gentiana volubilis D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 126 (1825)
= Tripterospermum luteoviride (C.B.Clarke) J.Murata; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Bot. 14(4): 303 (1989)
subspecies :
subsp. longipes E.Aitken & D.G.Long; Edinburgh J. Bot. 53(1): 92 (1996)
Distribution: Nepal; India (West Bengal)
40 IND NEP
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life