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293.0000 Family Brassicaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 854, 1093, 1123 (1835), nom. cons.
339 genera, ca. 4050 spp. Updated phylogeny see Hendriks et al. (2022) and German et al. (2023)
Species listed in database: 4089; hybrids: 111
= Arabidaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 573 (1843)
= Cruciferae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 237 (1789), nom. cons.
= Drabaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 215 (1820)
= Erysimaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 238 (1820)
= Isatidaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 3: 1310 (1861)
= Raphanaceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 169 (1847)
= Schizopetalaceae A.Juss.; Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 11: 419 (1848)
= Sisymbriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 583 (1820)
= Stanleyaceae Nutt.; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 85 (1834)
= Thlaspiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 633 (1820)
293.4101 Genus Turritis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 666 (1753)
Distribution: holarctic (1), SE-Europe to Asia Minor (1)
Species listed in database: 3
species :
Turritis glabra L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 666 (1753)
Name: Kahle Gänsekresse, Turmkraut (DE), Tower Mustard (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Scotland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; ?Corsica; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of mainland); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; South Africa [I]; Lesotho [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Kuril Isl. [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Afghanistan (Wakhan, Kunar / Nuristan); China (Liaoning, Jiangsu, Shandong, Xinjiang, Zhejiang); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku); Pakistan (Chitral, Swat, Murree, Hazara, Astor, Gilgit); Nepal; NW-India (Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, N. W. T., Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming)
10 DEN FIN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR 23 ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA 27 les saf 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO 40 IND NEP PAK 50 aus 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Arabis columnaris Nakai; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 271 (1914)
= Arabis crepidiopoda Griseb. ex.Pant.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 23: 268 (1873)
= Arabis excelsa Prokh.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 21: 428 (1961)
= Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh.; Syst. Verz. Pfl. Erfurt [Bernhardi] 1: 195 (1800)
= Arabis glabra f. columnaris (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl., ed. 3: 530 (2017)
= Arabis glabra subsp. pseudoturritis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 4-6: 91 (1932)
= Arabis glabra var. furcatipilis M.Hopkins; Rhodora 39: 109 (1937)
= Arabis glastifolia (Crantz) Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 12: 13 (1837)
= Arabis macrocarpa (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Torr.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 32 (1858)
= Arabis perfoliata (Neck.) Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 219 (1783)
= Arabis pseudoturritis Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(1): 20 (1853)
= Arabis turritis Vest; Man. Bot. [Vest] 595 (1806), et (Clairv.) Man. Herbor. Suisse 223 (1811)
= Crucifera turritis (Vest) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 6: 97 (1902)
= Dentaria glabra (L.) Scop. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 492 (1841)
= Erysimum glabrum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 933 (1891)
= Erysimum glastifolium Crantz; Cl. Crucif. Emend. 117 (1769)
= Erysimum pseudoturritis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 933 (1891)
= Psilarabis glabra (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 332 (1868)
= Sisymbrium simplicissimum Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 382 (1813) non J. F. Gmel. 1774
= Turritis dregeana Sond.; Linnaea 23: 2 (1850)
= Turritis glabra f. crassa Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 12B(52B): 158 (1912 publ. 1913)
= Turritis glabra f. grandiflora Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 12B(52B): 158 (1912 publ. 1913)
= Turritis glabra f. glaberrima Kuusk; Fl. Estonskoi S.S.R. 5: 398 (1973)
= Turritis glabra f. latisiliqua Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 12B(52B): 158 (1912 publ. 1913)
= Turritis glabra f. longistylosa Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 12B(52B): 158 (1912 publ. 1913)
= Turritis glabra f. multicaulis Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 184 (1918)
= Turritis glabra f. podolica Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 12B(52B): 158 (1912 publ. 1913)
= Turritis glabra f. ramosa (DC.) Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 12B(52B): 158 (1912 publ. 1913)
= Turritis glabra f. runcinata Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 12B(52B): 158 (1912 publ. 1913)
= Turritis glabra f. subovata Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 12B(52B): 158 (1912 publ. 1913)
= Turritis glabra f. substylosa Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 12B(52B): 158 (1912 publ. 1913)
= Turritis glabra var. lilacina O.E.Schulz; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 191 (1933)
= Turritis glabra var. ramosa DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 212 (1821)
= Turritis glabra var. spathulata Wirtg.; Fl. Coblenz 11 (1841)
= Turritis macrocarpa Nutt.; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 1: 78 (1838)
= Turritis perfoliata Neck.; Delic. Gallo-Belg. 283 (1768)
= Turritis pseudoturritis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk., Tr. Mat.-Prír.) 1894(29): 2 (1894)
= Turritis rigida Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4783 (1832)
= Turritis stricta Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 268 (1831), nom. illeg.
species :
Turritis laxa (Sm.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.):402 (1925)
Distribution: North Macedonia; Greece (higher mountains of NW-, C-Greece and Peloponnisos); Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria); Israel (N-Israel)
13 GRC NMA 33 ARM AZE NCS 34 CYP IRN ISR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Arabis cordata Boiss.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 18: 51 (1842)
= Arabis cremocarpa Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 16 (1856)
= Arabis doerfleri Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 51 (1900)
= Arabis laxa Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 28 (1813)
= Arabis laxa var. cremocarpa (Boiss. & Balansa) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 168 (1867)
= Erysimum laxum (Sm.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 933 (1891)
= Turritis laxa var. cremocarpa (Boiss. & Balansa) Mutlu; Bagbahce Bilim Derg. 8(2): 15 (2021)
species :
Turritis stelleri (DC.) V.I.Dorof.; Vavilovia 2(3): 40 (2019)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
31 RFE 38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Arabis alpina var. japonica A.Gray; Narr. Exped. China Seas Japan 1852-1854 [M.C.Perry] 2: 307 (1876)
= Arabis camtschatica Willd. ex DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 242 (1821)
= Arabis fauriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 281 (1910) (non Boiss. 1899)
= Arabis japonica (A.Gray) A.Gray; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 6: (1858) (non Regel 1863)
= Arabis japonica var. macrocarpa (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 513 (1927)
= Arabis japonica var. stenocarpa (Franch. & Sav.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 513 (1927)
= Arabis kelung-insularis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 18 (1913)
= Arabis lithophila Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 18-19 (1913)
= Arabis pendula Steller ex DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 242 (1821)
= Arabis stelleri DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 242 (1821)
= Arabis stelleri f. calvescens Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 38: 56 (1963)
= Arabis stelleri f. purpurascens H.Nakai & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 70(1): 57 (1995)
= Arabis stelleri subsp. japonica (A.Gray) Vorosch.; Florist. Issl. Razn. Raionakh S.S.S.R. [A.K.Skvortsov] 173 (1985)
= Arabis stelleri var. japonica (A.Gray) F.Schmidt; Reis. Amur-Land., Bot. 111 (1868)
= Arabis stelleri var. macrantha Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 278 (1879)
= Arabis stelleri var. macrocarpa Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 278 (1879)
= Arabis stelleri var. stenocarpa Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 278 (1879)
= Arabis yokoscensis Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 34 (1873)
= Erysimum stelleri (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 933 (1891)
= Erysimum yokoscenyse (Franch. & Sav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 934 (1891)
= Turritis stelleri f. purpurascens (H.Nakai & H.Ohashi) V.I.Dorof.; Vavilovia 2(3): 40 (2019)
= Turritis stelleri subsp. japonica (A.Gray) V.I.Dorof.; Vavilovia 2(3): 40 (2019)
= Turritis stelleri var. eschscholtziana (Andrz. ex Ledeb.) V.I.Dorof.; Vavilovia 2(3): 40 (2019)
= Turritis stelleri var. longistyla (N.Busch) V.I.Dorof.; Vavilovia 2(3): 40 (2019)
= Turritis stelleri var. parviflora (N.Busch) V.I.Dorof.; Vavilovia 2(3): 40 (2019)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.05 (May 23rd, 2025)

Covering 356,547 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,107 synonyms,
in total 1,416,616* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life