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493.0000 Family Gentianaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 141 (1789), nom. cons.
95 genera, ca. 1850 spp.
Species listed in database: 1858; hybrids: 24
= Chironiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 1(104-114): 1, 36 (1823)
= Coutoubeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Obolariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 427 (1820)
= Potaliaceae Mart.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Martius] 2: 89, 91, 133 (1827)
= Saccifoliaceae Maguire & Pires; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 29: 242 (1978)
493.0440 Genus Zeltnera G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 727 (2004)
Distribution: W-USA, Mexico
Species listed in database: 24; hybrids: 1
species :
Zeltnera arizonica (A.Gray) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 733 (2004)
Name: Arizona centaury (EN)
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Durango, Sonora, Nuevo León, Chihuahua, Coahuila)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium arizonicum (A.Gray) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 4: 86 (1908)
= Centaurium arizonicum (A.Gray) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1917), isonym
= Centaurium calycosum var. arizonicum (A.Gray) Tidestr.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 42 (1935)
= Erythraea arizonica (A.Gray) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 148 (1906)
= Erythraea calycosa var. arizonica A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 113 (1878)
species :
Zeltnera beyrichii (Torr.) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 733 (2004)
Name: Quinineweed, Rock Centaury (EN)
Distribution: USA (Oklahoma, N- & C-Texas)
74 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium beyrichii (Torr.) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 396 (1910)
= Centaurium beyrichii f. albiflorum Waterf.; Rhodora 50: 98 (1948)
= Erythraea beyrichii Torr.; Explor. Red River Louisiana [Marcy] 291, t. 13 (1853)
species :
Zeltnera calycosa (Buckley) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 734 (2004)
Name: Buckley´s centaury (EN), Rosita (ES)
Distribution: USA (Texas, +Missouri [I]); Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)
75 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Remarks: Populations further west have been segregated as Z. arizonica. A record from Louisiana was a misidentification.
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium breviflorum (Shinners) B.L.Turner; Phytologia 75(3): 263 (1993 publ. 1994)
= Centaurium calycosum (Buckley) Fernald; Rhodora 10: 54 (1908)
= Centaurium calycosum var. breviflorum Shinners; Field & Lab. 18: 130 (1950)
= Centaurium calycosum var. nana (A.Gray) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 396 (1910)
= Centaurium calycosum var. nanum (A.Gray) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 396 (1910)
= Centaurium chironioides (A.Gray) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Erythraea calycosa Buckley; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 7 (1862 publ. 1863)
= Erythraea calycosa var. nana A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2: 113 (1878)
= Erythraea chironioides A.Gray; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 1: 479 (1876) non Torr. 1859
= Zeltnera breviflora (Shinners) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 733 (2004)
species :
Zeltnera davyi (Jeps.) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 730 (2004)
Name: Davy´s Centaury, Monterey Centaury (EN)
Distribution: USA (California, incl. Santa Cruz Isl.)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium davyi (Jeps.) Abrams; Ill. Fl. Pacific States 3: 352 (1951)
= Centaurium exaltatum var. davyi Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 762 (1925)
species :
Zeltnera exaltata (Griseb.) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 731 (2004)
Name: Desert Centaury, Great Basin Centaury (EN)
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Sonora)
71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium douglasii (A.Gray) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Centaurium exaltatum (Griseb.) W.Wight ex Piper; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 449 (1906)
= Centaurium nuttallii (S.Watson) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 4: 86 (1908)
= Centaurodes douglasii (A.Gray) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 426 (1891)
= Cicendia exaltata Griseb.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 2: 69 (t. 157. A) (1837)
= Erythraea douglasii A.Gray; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 1: 480 (1876)
= Erythraea elata Nutt. ex A.Gray; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 1: 480 (1876)
= Erythraea exaltata (Griseb.) Britton; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 258 (1894), isonym
= Erythraea exaltata (Griseb.) Coville; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 4: 150 (1893)
= Erythraea longiflora Nutt. ex S.Watson; Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 277 (1871)
= Erythraea nuttallii S.Watson; Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 276 (1871)
= Erythraea tenella Nutt. ex A.Gray; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 1: 480 (1876)
species :
Zeltnera fonsecae Vigosa, D.Sandoval & D.Morales; Phytotaxa 636(2): 195 (2024)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Zeltnera gentryi (C.R.Broome) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 735 (2004)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, ?Sonora)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium gentryi C.R.Broome; System. Centaurium (Gentianac.) Mexico & Centr. Amer. 210 (1973), et Madroño 24(4): 236 (1977)
species :
Zeltnera glandulifera (Correll) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 734 (2004)
Name: Sticky centaury (EN)
Distribution: USA (SW-Texas: Terrell Co., Brewster Co., Pecos Co.)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium beyrichii var. glanduliferum Correll; Wrightia 4: 76 (1968)
= Centaurium glanduliferum (Correll) B.L.Turner; Phytologia 75(3): 265 (1994)
species :
Zeltnera madrensis (Hemsl.) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 735 (2004)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi); Honduras
79 MEX 80 HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium macranthum (Hook. & Arn.) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 396 (1910)
= Centaurium madrense (Hemsl.) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 396 (1910)
= Centaurium pringleanum (Wittr.) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 397 (1910)
= Erythraea macrantha Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 438 (1841)
= Erythraea madrensis Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 346 (1882)
= Erythraea mexicana Griseb. ex Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 302 (1838)
= Erythraea pringleana Wittr.; Bot. Gaz. 16: 85 (1891)
species :
Zeltnera martinii (C.R.Broome) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 735 (2004)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Guerrero)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium martinii C.R.Broome; Brittonia 28(4): 423 (1976 publ.1977)
= Centaurium phenax R.F.Martin ex Broome; System. Centaurium (Gentianac.) Mexico & Centr. Amer. 222 (1973), nom. inval.
species :
Zeltnera maryanniana (B.L.Turner) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 734 (2004)
Name: Gypsum centaury (EN)
Distribution: USA (S-New Mexico, W-Texas)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium maryannianum B.L.Turner; Phytologia 75(3): 269 (1993 publ. 1994)
species :
Zeltnera muhlenbergii (Griseb.) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 731 (2004)
Name: Muhlenberg´s centaury (EN)
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington State)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium curvistamineum (Wittr.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Centaurium curvistamineum f. albiflorum (Suksd.) Suksd.; Fl. S.-e. Washington [St. John] 314 (1937)
= Centaurium floribundum (Benth.) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 396 (1910)
= Centaurium minimum (Howell) Piper; Fl. N.W. Coast [Piper & Beattie] 288 (1915)
= Centaurium muehlenbergii (Griseb.) W.Wight ex Piper; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 450 (1906)
= Centaurium muehlenbergii f. albiflorum (Suksd.) H.St.John; Fl. S.-e. Washington [St. John] 314 (1937)
= Centaurium muehlenbergii var. albiflorum Suksd.; Werdenda 1: 30 (1927)
= Centaurodes floribundum (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 426 (1891)
= Centaurodes muhlenbergii (Griseb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 426 (1891)
= Chironia dubia Willd. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 146 (1838)
= Erythraea centaurium Borkh.; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 30 (1796)
= Erythraea curvistaminea Wittr.; Bot. Centralbl. 26: 317 (1886)
= Erythraea floribunda Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 322 (1840)
= Erythraea minima Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer. [Howell] 443 (1901)
= Erythraea muehlenbergii Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 146 (1838)
= Erythraea nuttallii var. tenella A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 398 (1872)
= Erythraea pulchella A.Gray ex Griseb.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 60 (1845)
species :
Zeltnera multicaulis (B.L.Rob.) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 734 (2004)
Name: Manystem centaury (EN)
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Durango, Chihuahua, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Sonora)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium multicaule Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 396 (1910)
species :
Zeltnera namophila (Reveal, C.R.Broome & Beatley) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 732 (2004)
Name: Spring-loving centaury (EN)
Distribution: USA (Nevada: Nye Co., E-California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium namophilum Reveal, Broome & Beatley; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 100(6): 353 (1974)
= Centaurium namophilum var. nevadense C.R.Broome; Great Basin Naturalist 41: 192 (1981)
= Zeltnera nevadensis (C.R.Broome) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 732 (2004)
species :
Zeltnera nesomii B.L.Turner; Phytoneuron 61: 1 (2011)
Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
species :
Zeltnera nudicaulis (Engelm.) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 735 (2004)
Name: Santa Catalina Mountain centaury (EN)
Distribution: USA (S-Arizona); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Puebla, Sinaloa, Sonora)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium nudicaule (Engelm.) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 397 (1910)
= Centaurium peninsulare Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 502 (1919)
= Erythraea nudicaulis Engelm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 222 (1882)
species :
Zeltnera pusilla (Eastw.) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 735 (2004)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacán, San Luis Potosi)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium pusillum Eastw.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 605 (1909)
species :
Zeltnera quitensis (Kunth) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 735 (2004)
Name: Britton´s centaury
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Virgin Isl. (Anegada); Curacao; Colombia (Cundinamarca, Tolima); Venezuela (Aragua, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Merida, Miranda, Monagas); Ecuador; Peru
79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 BAH CUB CUR TCI VIR 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium brittonii Millsp. & Greenm.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 308 (1909)
= Centaurium divaricatum (W.Schaffn. ex Schltdl.) Millsp. & Greenm.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 309 (1909)
= Centaurium quitense (Kunth) B.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 397 (1910)
= Centaurium quitense (Kunth) Thell.; Mem. Soc. Neuchâteloise Sci. Nat. 5: 395 (1913), isonym
= Centaurodes divaricatum (W.Schaffn. ex Schltdl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2(2): 426 (1891)
= Cicendia quitensis (Kunth) Griseb.; Linnaea 22: 33 (1849)
= Erythraea divaricata W.Schaffn. ex Schltdl.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 13: 920 (1855)
= Erythraea quitensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 178 (1818)
= Exacum patens Willd. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 139 (1838)
= Exacum quitense (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 425 (1824)
species :
Zeltnera setacea (Benth.) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 736 (2004)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Sonora); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium setaceum (Benth.) Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 397 (1910)
= Erythraea setacea Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 128 (1845)
species :
Zeltnera stricta (Schiede) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 736 (2004)
Distribution: Mexico (Queretaro, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, México State, Morelos, Veracruz, Guerrero, Oaxaca); Honduras
79 MEX 80 HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium micranthum (Greenm.) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 395 (1910)
= Centaurium retusum (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 397 (1910)
= Centaurium strictum (Schiede) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 614 (1917)
= Centaurium tetramerum (Schltldl.) Eastw.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 606 (1909)
= Centaurodes tetramera (Schltldl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 426 (1891)
= Erythraea micrantha Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 39: 83 (1903)
= Erythraea retusa B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 38 (1896)
= Erythraea stricta Schiede; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 13: 918 (1855)
= Erythraea stricta var. tereticaulis Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 24: 398 (1897)
= Erythraea tetramera Schltdl.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 13: 919 (1855)
species :
Zeltnera texensis (Griseb.) G.Mans. ex J.S.Pringle; Rhodora 113(956): 514 (2012)
Name: Lady Bird´s centaury (EN)
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Nuevo Leon)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium texense (Griseb.) Fernald; Rhodora 10: 54 (1908)
= Erythraea texensis Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 139 (1838)
= Zeltnera texensis (Griseb.) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 734 (2004), nom. inval.
species :
Zeltnera trichantha (Griseb.) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 733 (2004)
Name: Alkali centaury (EN)
Distribution: USA (N-California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium trichanthum (Griseb.) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 397 (1910)
= Erythraea trichantha Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 146 (1838)
= Erythraea trichantha var. angustifolia Griseb.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 60 (1845)
species :
Zeltnera venusta (A.Gray) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 733 (2004)
Name: Charming centaury (EN)
Distribution: USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium venustum (A.Gray) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 397 (1910)
= Centaurium venustum f. tupae Creutz; Wild Fl. 38: 19 (1962)
= Erythraea chironioides Torr.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 156 (1859) non A. Gray
= Erythraea venusta A.Gray; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 1: 479 (1876)
= Erythraea venusta var. micrantha Wittr.; Bot. Not. 1899: 281 (1899)
species :
Zeltnera wigginsii (C.R.Broome) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 736 (2004)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Nayarit, Sinaloa); Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro)
79 MEX RGI
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium wigginsii C.R.Broome; System. Centaurium (Gentianac.) Mexico & Centr. Amer. 286 (1973), et Madroño 24(4): 239 (1977)
species :
Zeltnera ×abramsii (Munz) G.Mans.; Taxon 53(3): 730 (2004), pro spec.
Name: Abrams´ centaury
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Remarks: status uncertain, probably a hybrid Z. trichantha x venusta
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium venustum subsp. abramsii Munz; Aliso 4: 96 (1958)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.05 (May 23rd, 2025)

Covering 356,547 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,107 synonyms,
in total 1,416,616* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life